CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN YAROSLAVL REGION AT THE PERIOD OF WORLD WAR II

The article reveals the problems raised towards the consumers cooperative society in the context of the beginning of World War II. The authors show that the cooperative society activity was under control of the Communist Party leadership and authorities. The article refl ects the changes in the fi nancial system of the consumers cooperative society and cooperative work. The authors enlighten particular activity and statistics of the consumers cooperative society of Yaroslavl Region on procuring and commodities production. The article is about diffi culties faced at the increment of cooperative distributing network and public catering as well as the measures taken by the party and cooperative authorities corrective measure towards removal of disadvantages. A special emphasis in the article is made to describe the targeted help of the cooperators to particular fronts and districts. The authors also investigated through Yaroslavl co-operators attitude and practical help to the western regions and Leningrad regarding children’s and adults’ supply with all necessary items and goods. The article describes the process of output expansion by the commodities production such as clothes, shoes, dishes and furniture. For the fi rst time the archival sources have been scientifi cally implemented. The conclusion is drawn regarding successful consumers cooperative society activity to solve tasks for essential commodities supply, making possible the state factories diversify its production for specifi c immediate demands of the front.

Captación de agua pluvial en un plantel educativo de nivel medio superior del valle de Toluca, México

The objective of this project was to design a rainwater collection and treatment system at the Center for Industrial and Service Technological Studies No. 23 “Cetis23” as a corrective measure to prevent the flooding of gardens in the rainy season and increase the endowment of water to the population of the campus. The design began through a field study of the surfaces of the buildings to determine which are the ones with greater area and better surface, in this case were the buildings with gable roofs. Using the Sweet Home 3D software, the system was simulated in each building and a cost study was carried out, budgeting materials and labor. The pre-storage system for rainwater storage was proposed, consisting mainly of a sand and gravel filter. Finally, a ferrocement storage tank was designed. This system is an uncomplicated, economical and ecological technological option to provide water, in quantity and quality, to the population of CETis 23 (1354 people with an expense of 10 L per person per day).

Efforts to Ban the Routine Tail Docking of Pigs and to Give Pigs Enrichment Materials via EU Law: Where do We Stand a Quarter of a Century on?

In its role as guardian of the Treaties, the European Commission must ensure that Member States enforce EU law within their territories. If adequate enforcement is found to be wanting, the Commission also has the power to take infringement procedures as a corrective measure. The case of Directive 120/2008/EC on the protection of pigs is problematic, as only a few Member States are respecting the ban on routine tail docking, whilst not all pigs are given (adequate) enrichment materials. Twenty-five years after the first EU-wide legal ban on routine tail docking came into force, we are faced with an unprecedented situation that may lead to infringement procedures against more than 20 Member States. This paper describes the various steps that led to the development of the EU law designed specifically to safeguard the welfare of pigs. It lists the numerous efforts (research studies, study visits, recommendations, audits, reports, factsheets, action plans, etc.), undertaken by European decision makers to assist Member States in their efforts to better implement and enforce the relevant rules. Finally, the paper further analyses the current state of play and presents a reflection on possible future scenarios.

Experiências escolares de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa | School experiences of juveniles under socio-educational corrective measure

Considerando a importância do ambiente escolar na trajetória de vida de adolescentes e a relevância atual da temática do cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas no país, o presente estudo buscou compreender a experiência escolar anterior de seis jovens que se encontravam cumprindo a medida socioeducativa de semiliberdade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma unidade de execução dessa medida, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com adolescentes do sexo masculino. Foi possível constatar que, nos contextos de vulnerabilidade que permeiam as trajetórias de vida dos adolescentes entrevistados, a experiência escolar mostrou-se empobrecida, atravessada por situações de evasão, defasagem escolar e infrequência, assim como por baixa participação e incentivo familiar. Os adolescentes referem pouco envolvimento de seus pais e/ou familiares no contexto escolar, revelando, muitas vezes, dificuldades nesse aspecto. Com isso, compreende-se ser primordial que a escola, por meio de relações empáticas, possibilite a construção de novos referenciais aos adolescentes que apresentem pouca vinculação e investimento escolar, sobretudo quando em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, visto que esta pode disparar preconceitos e estereótipos que precisam ser superados.

E-Governance and Corruption Impasse in Nigeria

E-governance is a technological innovation that brings governance to the fore of integrity and accountability. It requires high technological commitment so as to bring the government closer to the people. Corruption on the other hand is a bane to growth and development in any country. E-governance is a corrective measure to corruption which prevents government officials from shady activities due to its transparency nature. The connection between e-governance and corruption is analyzed in this chapter, and Nigeria is selected as a case study in developing countries. The chapter concludes on the premise that e-governance reduces the strength of corruption in any country and more investment is needed to enhance this development.