scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA IN OROFACIAL ABSCESSES OF ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Kasem Mohammed Abbas ◽  
Taghreed Ahmed M Al-Kibsi ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Khaled A AL-Haddad ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Odontogenic Origin

Background: Odontogenic infections vary from minor abscesses to superficial and deep infections that lead to acute infections in the head and neck area that may threaten the patient's life.  The objectives of this study are to identify bacteria accountable for orofacial infection of odontogenic origin and patterns of their susceptibility to drugs in order to provide a superior understanding of dental infection management in Yemen. Methods:  The study was conducted on a selected group of patients, regardless of gender and age, who suffer from severe to moderate orofacial infections of odontogenic origin and were admitted to the dental clinic at the Republican University Hospital in Sana'a city. Sample of pus was collected and the bacteria were identified by cultivation in suitable medium and then identified by standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Result:  A total of 118 cases were positive for bacterial culture, 63 males and 55 females ranged between 5 and 65 years of age, most of them in the age group> 45 years (39.8%), 51.7% had dental abscesses and 48.3% had periodental abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides species and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from patients with dental abscesses, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogens  from perio-Dental abscesses. The most prevalent bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (about 63% of the total isolates), more than 40% of which were resistant to ceftizoxime, calithromycin, augmentin, tetracyclines, erythromycin and oxacillin. While Staphylococcus  epidermidis showed less antibiotic resistance than Staphylococcus aureus. As for the Bacteroids species, it was sensitive to metronidazole and clindamycin (100%), augmentin (98.6%), calrithromycin (94.4%) and finally vancomycin (76.1%).  Conclusion: An elevated occurrence of bacterial isolates was discovered, and Staphylococcus aureus was dominant.Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to diverse classes of antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotics should be administered based on the bacterial isolates, culture sensitivity, and clinical course of disease.                         Peer Review History: Received 6 November 2020; Revised 22 Decembe; Accepted 5 January, Available online 15 January 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                           Comments of reviewer(s):         Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected] Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Similar Articles: KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN  PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Abdulrahman lutf Sharaf Al-deen ◽  
Hussein Mohammad Shoga Al-deen ◽  
Al-Kasem Mohammed Abbas ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Khaled A AL-Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Review Reports

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been recognized as a global dental disorder and concern about this pathology is growing among clinicians around the world. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of Yemeni dental practitioners in the city of Sana'a in relation to diagnosis, etiological factors and management of MIH. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire modified from similar previous studies was distributed to 311 Yemeni dentists providing oral health care in Sana'a city. The survey consists of two parts, the first is the demographic-occupational variables that was collected for the participants and the second part included questions related to perception of the diagnosis, possible etiological factors, severity of the condition and management, and the participants ’willingness for advance training in relation to MIH. Results: The overall response rate is (90%). The majority of respondents came across MIH in their practices (GDPs= 83.2%, SDPs= 90%).Yellow / brown demarcation is feasible as a common clinical symptom. The composite resin was the most used restorative material. The genetic factor was the most specific etiological factor. Most GDPs were significantly uncertain in the diagnosis of MIH compared to SDPs (P = 0.003). Most of the respondents (72.5%) had a low level of knowledge regarding MIH. Participants support the need to assess MIH occurrence and conduct clinical training. Conclusion: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common dental problem faced by dental practitioners in Sana'a City who have required clinical training regarding diagnosis, etiological factors and MIH management. Peer Review History: Received: 8 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 20 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Awad AbdAlaziz Mousnad, International University of Africa (IUA) and Sudan, [email protected] Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil,  [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DENTAL INFECTIONS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MRSA IN ISOLATES CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG DENTAL CLINIC WORKERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN AND THE RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR ITS INFECTION PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF STOMATITIS AMONG YEMENI DENTURE WEARERS

scholarly journals TANAKA AND JOHNSTON'S MIXED DENTITION VALIDITY: AN ANALYSIS AMONG YEMENI ADULTS IN SANA'A CITY

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Abdualaziz Mohammad Dahag ◽  
Abdulwahab Ismail Mohamed Al-Kholani ◽  
Taghreed Ahmed M Al-Kibsi ◽  
Hussein Shoga Al-Deen ◽  
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
School Children ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Tooth Width

Introduction and objective: Mixed dentition space analysis methods via Tanaka-Johnston analysis are regularly used all over the world. Conversely, the appropriate of this analysis between different ethnic groups is dubious. The study aimed to test the appropriate of the Tanaka-Johnston analysis for Yemeni adults and to arise regression equations designed for Yemen population if needed.  Methods: The study included two hundred and twenty-seven (106 males and 121 females) Yemenis from Sana'a University, University of Science and Technology, and Al-Rehab Private Clinic. The mesiodistal widths of the four permanent lower canines, incisors, and premolars for the entire quadrants were determined with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm. To compare average presentation values ​​derived from this study with values ​​derived using Tanaka-Johnston equations, Student's paired t-test was used, as well as the chi-square (χ2) test used for appropriateness of fit. Result: Gender differences were observed in the total mesiodistal width of both canines and premolars in both arches as revealed by the t-test (p < 0.001). The sum of the actual mesiodistal width of the canines and premolars was compared with the expected widths derived from the Tanaka and Johnston equation and significant differences (p<0.001) were found. Regression analysis indicated that the sum of the mesiodistal width of the permanent mandibular incisors is a good predictor of that of un-erupted canines and premolars, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.61. Accordingly, two linear regression equations were developed to predict tooth width for Yemeni males and females. Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that the Tanaka-Johnston analysis did not accurately predict the mesiodistal width of the unruptured canines and premolars of the Yemeni population. Moreover, new regression equations have been developed for the research sample that can be a standard for Yemen. However, further studies must be performed to verify the applicability and accuracy of these equations.                   Peer Review History: Received: 10 November 2021; Revised: 12 December; Accepted: 29 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Similar Articles: PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG A SAMPLE OF YEMENI PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

scholarly journals Bacteriological Study of Otitis Media and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabina Basnet ◽  
Sudarshan Sharma ◽  
Jid Chani Rana ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Otitis Media is a prevailing and notorious infection in developing countries causing serious local damage and threating complication. Mainly in developing countries like Nepal, Otitis Media results because of illiteracy, poverty and poor hygiene. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of Otitis Media, its causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods: The study included 263 pus samples from 240 patients attending ENT department of Bharatpur hospital from May 2015 to January 2016. Samples were processed in microbiology department for bacteria using standard operating protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for all bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Out of 240 patients, 121 were female and 119 were male. Highest incidence of Otitis Media was observed in 1-10 year age group. Out of 263 samples taken from 240 patients, 216 showed bacterial growth. Gram negative bacteria predominated and the most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 36.11% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 33.33% and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 8.08%. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Amikacin and gentamycin. All gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and gentamycin. 100% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to Imipenem.Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant organism isolated from the pus swab followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all the isolated organisms were sensitive to Gentamycin.

scholarly journals Elucidating Anti-Acne Properties of a Novel Herbal Moisturizer

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafeez ◽  
Shmmon Ahmad ◽  
Anmar Al- Taie
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Dermatological Condition

Acne vulgaris is most common dermatological condition that affects more than 70% of teenagers and more than 10% of adults. The moisture content of human skin makes it appear young and primary function of moisturizer is to avoid the dehydration by preventing the moisture loss. Natural therapies are more suitable and they are more reliable with less or no side effects. The current research focused on the use of herbs for treating acne vulgaris as a moisturizer. This research focused on the use of Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, and Ocimum sanctum to prepare the formulation, Azadiracta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa possessed the significant capability for inhibiting acne. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium by disc diffusion method. Prepared formulations were tested for physical parameters such as pH, spreadability, viscosity and color. Formulation studies was found to optimum for all parameters. The study showed the anti-acne moisturizer was significantly effective in controlling the bacteria which cause acne, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium. From this research, can be inferred that formulated herbal anti-acne moisturizer was related with a substantial decrease in the growth of microbes that causes acne.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS OF ADULTS: CAUSES AND OPHTHALMIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS FOR THE COMMON BACTERIAL ISOLATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameha A. Al-Eryani ◽  
Essam Yahya A Alshamahi ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Ghada Hussein A Alfalahi ◽  
Abdulrahman Ahmed Al-Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Bacterial conjunctivitis is often observed in newborns as well as in other age groups. It has been associated with several organisms that differed in their relative importance and varied in their response to ophthalmic antibiotics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial conjunctivitis of adult patients by determine the specific bacterial causes and determine the  ophthalmic antibiotic resistance patterns for the bacterial isolates from conjunctivitis patients in Sana’a city, Yemen.  Methods: Total 521 bacterial swabs obtained from adult patients with suspected bacterial conjunctivitis introducing to the ophthalmology clinics in the tertiary hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen between September 2016 and October 2017 were investigated for bacteriological agents and antibiotic susceptibility . The clinical samples culturing, and microbiology diagnosis were done at National Center of Public Health laboratories Sana’a (NCPHL).  Result: Total 521 swab results from conjunctiva were performed, of which 206 (39.5%) were deemed positive for bacterial culture. The isolation rate by bacteria species ranged from 0.5% to 28.2%. In Staphylococcus aureus isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance varied from 10.5% for polymyxin B to 66.7% for erythromycin. In Branhamella catarrahalis isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance ranged from 3.4% for levofloxacin to 69% for erythromycin. In Haemophilus influenzae isolates, ophthalmic antibiotic resistance varied from 0.0% for ciprofloxacin and polymyxin B to 42.1% for erythromycin and azithromycin. Conclusion: The most common causative organisms in adult age groups were Branhamella catarrahalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Obviously, there is no single drug that treats these various types of bacteria. Therefore, bacteriological culture and sensitivity in the laboratory to ophthalmic antibiotics should be performed as much as possible. But if laboratory facilities are not available, some generalizations can be made as guidelines for treating conjunctivitis.                     Peer Review History: Received 6 January 2021; Revised 15 February; Accepted 4 March, Available online 15 March 2021 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Gulam Mohammed Husain, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India, [email protected] Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]   Similar Articles: BACTERIAL CAUSES AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF EXTERNAL OCULAR INFECTIONS IN SELECTED OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS IN SANA’A CITY

Determination of norvancomycin epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Qiwen Yang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Peiyao Jia ◽  
Christian Giske ◽  
Gunnar Kahlmeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

Abstract Objectives To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) of norvancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis. Methods We collected 1199 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species from five laboratories located in four cities in China. MICs and inhibitory zone diameters of norvancomycin were determined by broth microdilution and the disc diffusion method, separately. ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four species were calculated by ECOFFinder software following EUCAST principles. Methicillin and vancomycin resistance genes (mecA/mecC and vanA/vanB/vanC/vanD/vanE) were screened for by PCR in all isolates. Pearson correlation and χ2 test were used to calculate the correlation of MICs and inhibition zone diameters, and MICs and resistance genes, respectively. Results MICs of norvancomycin for all strains from five laboratories fell in the range of 0.12–2 mg/L. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were determined to be 2 mg/L for S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus and 1 mg/L for S. aureus and S. hominis. A weak correlation was observed between MIC values and zone diameters for S. haemolyticus (r = −0.36) and S. hominis (r = −0.26), while no correlation was found for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 63.1% of Staphylococcus, whereas no isolate carried mecC, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD or vanE. ECOFFs of norvancomycin were not correlated with mecA gene carriage in Staphylococcus species. Conclusions ECOFFs of norvancomycin for four Staphylococcus species were determined, which will be helpful to differentiate WT strains. The correlation of MICs and zone diameters of norvancomycin was weak in Staphylococcus species.

scholarly journals Environmental Contamination Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermidis Isolated from Secondary Schools in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Jialing Lin ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Suiping He ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
School Environments ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), the most prevalent causes of hospital-associated and community-associated infections, could exist on frequently touched surfaces. This study aims to determine the contamination prevalence and the characteristics of MRSA and MRSE isolated from secondary school environments. Methods: We collected environmental samples from ten secondary schools in Guangzhou city between October 2016 and January 2017. The samples were confirmed for MRSA and MRSE isolates by using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, toxin gene screening, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed to further characterize the isolates. Data were analyzed by two-sample proportion tests. Results: A total of 1830 environmental samples were collected. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSE contamination were 1.86% (34/1830) and 5.14% (94/1830), respectively. The proportions of multidrug resistance in both MRSA (58.82%) and MRSE (63.83%) isolates were high. Seven clonal complexes (CC) and 12 sequence types (ST) were identified, with the CC5 (35.29%) and ST45 (25.53%) being the most prevalent. We found that 44.12% of the MRSA isolates were community-acquired and the main type was ST45-SCCmec IV. We found that 5.88% and 32.35% of MRSA isolates were positive to Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) gene, respectively. No MRSE isolate was positive to the toxin genes. Conclusion: Our findings raise potential public health concerns for environmental contamination of MRSA and MRSE in school environments. Surfaces of school environments may potentially provide a source for cross-contamination with these bacteria into the wider community.

scholarly journals Diversity and Antibiotics Susceptibility of Bacterial Species on Hand Surfaces in Public Buses Plying Kenyatta National Hospital Route 7c in Nairobi

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samson Chebon ◽  
Jackline Chelangat Sonoiya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital

Aims: To determine the pathogenic and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates on hand surfaces in public buses in Nairobi. Study Design: A random sampling technique was utilized and targeted public buses plying Nairobi Central Business District (CBD) and Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) 7C route. Place and Duration of Study: Bacterial isolates were obtained from hand surfaces in public buses in Nairobi during a three-month period, May-July 2015. Methodology: A total of 30 swab samples were collected using sterile moist cotton swabs then cultured on three media including MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar and Eosin Methyl Blue agar (EMB). Characterization of isolates was by morphological and biochemical features. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile tests using eight antibiotics including tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamycin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and streptomycin was also undertaken. Results: A total of 45 isolates indicated the following prevalence: Staphylococcus aureus 33%, Escherichia coli 24%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 18%, Klebsiella species 11% and Pseudomonas species 13%. The antimicrobial resistance profiles indicated E. coli isolates had the highest resistance to five antibiotics, Klebsiella spp. to four, Staphylococcus aureus to three, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas spp. each to only one antibiotic. Isolates were predominantly resistant to ampicillin (100%) followed by co-trimoxazole and streptomycin but were instead sensitive to gentamycin followed by tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate serious health risks posed to the community by potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacterial species on hand-touch sites in public buses. Therefore, this study creates awareness of the need for stringent sanitary measures in public buses and hygienic practices among commuters to forestall transmission of community acquired infections.

scholarly journals POLA KEPEKAAN ISOLAT BAKTERI AEROB PADA RHINOSINUSITIS KRONIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Alvin Saputra ◽  
Nur Qamariah ◽  
Noor Muthmainah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus mucosa caused by viruses or bacteria. Needed research on antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria that cause chronic rhinosinusitis targeted antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of some selected antibiotics against bacteria of different causes of chronic rhinosinusitis at the Department of Otolaryngology Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach using diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer zone of inhibition was then compared with standard antibiotics against bacterial antibiotic inhibition zone according to CLSI 2016. The sample in this study were all patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who come for treatment to the Department of Otolaryngology Ulin General Hospital and Moch. Ansari Saleh General Hospital Banjarmasin in the period from June to August 2016. Obtained from 12 samples, 6 samples of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis 10 samples, 1 sample Eschirechia coli and 1 sample Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotics cefixime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin 66,6%, and the lowest amoxicillin clavulanate 50%. Staphylococcus epidermis showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic cefuroxime and clindamycin 100%, cefixime 50% and the lowest amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime 25%. Escherichia coli showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefixime 100%, and the lowest cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin 0%. Bacillus sp showed the highest sensitivity to the antibiotic cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin 100% in the lowest 0% for amoxicillin and cefixime. Keywords : chronic rhinosinusitis, sensitivity test, antibiotics Abstrak: Rhinosinusitis kronis adalah peradangan pada mukosa sinus yang disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri. Perlu adanya penelitian tentang kepekaan antibiotik terhadap kuman penyebab rhinosinusitis kronis agar pemberian antibiotik tepat sasaran. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepekaan beberapa antibiotik terpilih terhadap kuman penyabab rhinosinusitis kronis di Bagian THT RSUD Ulin dan RSUD Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan metode difusi Kirby-Bauer kemudian dibandingkan zona hambat antibiotik terhadap bakteri dengan standar zona hambat antibiotik menurut CLSI 2016. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien rhinosinusitis kronis yang datang berobat ke Bagian THT RSUD Ulin dan RSUD Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin pada periode Juni - Agustus 2016. Dari 12 sampel didapatkan, 6 sampel Staphylococcus aureus, 4 sampel Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 sampel Eschirechia coli dan 1 sampel Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus menujukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefiksim, sefuroksim, siprofloksasim, dan klindamisin sebesar 66,6% serta yang terendah yakni amoksisilin klavulanat sebesar 50%. Staphylococcus epidermidis menujukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefuroksim dan klindamisin sebesar 100%, sefiksim 50% serta yang terendah amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefuroksim sebesar 25%. Eschirechia coli menunjukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefiksim 100% serta terendah sefuroksim, siprofloksasim dan klindamisin 0%. Bacillus sp menunjukkan kepekaan tertinggi terhadap antibiotik sefuroksim, siprofloksasim, dan klindamisin sebesar 100% serta terendah amoksisilin klavulanat dan sefiksim 0%. Kata-kata kunci : rhinosinusitis kronis, uji kepekaan, antibiotic

scholarly journals Aerobic Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Pus Samples at Tertiary Healthcare Center of Northern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Aditya Rana ◽  
Veehteeanveshna Gupta ◽  
Subhash Chand Jaryal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

Introduction: Emerging resistance in microorganisms is a matter of great concern in health care setups. Bacterial isolate and AMR pattern changes from place to place and time to time. Unprofessional use of antibiotics has resulted in an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance. This study focused over the aerobic bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in pus isolates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from June, 2020 to May 2021. 1174 pus samples collected during the study period were included. The samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. After aerobic incubation at 37°C for 18-24 hrs, organisms were identified by biochemical reactions, gram staining and antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: Among the total 1174 pus samples, 712 (60.6%) were male and 462 (39.3%) were females. 857(72.9%) samples showed positive results. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella spp. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus was highest with Vancomycin and Linezolid, whereas Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas were sensitive with Piperacillin tazobactam. Conclusion: Increasing resistance always poses a challenge in treating infections. The development of resistant strains of pathogens can be limited by the judicious use of antibiotics. This study shows the infecting bacterial isolates and their antibiogram from this area. Keywords: Pus, antimicrobial resistance, bacterial isolates.

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