Response to Comment on Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals

Recently, we published a novel method used to assess the trophic niches of different coral species and demonstrated that their nutrition varied considerably, with some species highly dependent on their photosynthetic algal symbionts and others able to feed on plankton to meet energetic requirements. Adjustments to the use of this tool are necessary when it is applied to other scientific questions and symbiotic organisms. We respond to a comment highlighting a risk of bias in the methods, discuss suggested adjustments, and propose further refinements to improve method robustness.

Reducing underreporting of abortion in surveys: Results from two test applications of the list experiment method in Malawi and Senegal

Background Accurately measuring abortion incidence poses many challenges. The list experiment is a method designed to increase the reporting of sensitive or stigmatized behaviors in surveys, but has only recently been applied to the measurement of abortion. To further test the utility of the list experiment for measuring abortion incidence, we conducted list experiments in two countries, over two time periods. Materials and methods The list experiment is an indirect method of measuring sensitive experiences that protects respondent confidentiality by hiding individual responses to a binary sensitive item (i.e., abortion) by combining this response with answers to other non-sensitive binary control items. Respondents report the number of list items that apply to them, not which ones. We conducted a list experiment to measure cumulative lifetime incidence of abortion in Malawi, and separately to measure cumulative five-year incidence of abortion in Senegal, among cisgender women of reproductive age. Results Among 810 eligible respondents in Malawi, list experiment results estimated a cumulative lifetime incidence of abortion of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.0, 7.6). Among 1016 eligible respondents in Senegal, list experiment estimates indicated a cumulative five-year incidence of abortion of 2.8% (95%CI: 0.0, 10.4) which, while lower than anticipated, is seven times the proportion estimated from a direct question on abortion (0.4%). Conclusions Two test applications of the list experiment to measure abortion experiences in Malawi and Senegal likely underestimated abortion incidence. Future efforts should include context-specific formative qualitative research for the development and selection of list items, enumerator training, and method delivery to assess if and how these changes can improve method performance.

PENGEMBANGAN DAN HAMBATAN SISWA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI MATEMATIKA MELALUI METODE IMPROVE

This study overall develops models/learning tools for higher order thinking mathematics using the IMPROVE method which is valid, practical and effective using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) model. However, specifically in this paper, the researcher reveals the other side of the development results of these learning tools, namely the development and obstacles faced by students in increasing higher-order thinking skills (Higher-Order-Thinking). Therefore, the specific objective of this study is to determine the development trend of students' higher order thinking skills and the difficulties encountered during learning. The research instruments were student on-task activity sheets, student activity observation sheets, formative tests and learning outcomes tests. The test was conducted on 66 students of class X SMAN 3 and SMAN 5 Banda Aceh as samples. The test results show that the mathematics learning device is valid, practical and effective in accordance with predetermined product criteria. The tendency for the development of high-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students in formative exercises (T1 and T2) moved up and the Learning Outcomes Test was good, on average 72%. The difficulties faced by students are dominant in indicators of creation and evaluation. The implication of this study is that higher order thinking mathematics learning model with the IMPROVE method and metacognitive strategies can be used for class X SMA students. Abstrak Secara keseluruhan studi ini melakukan pengembangan model/perangkat pembelajaran matematika berpikir tingkat tinggi dengan metode IMPROVE yang valid, praktis dan efektif menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Namun secara khusus dalam tulisan ini, peneliti mengungkapkan sisi lain dari hasil pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran tersebut yaitu perkembangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher-Order-Thinking). Oleh sebab itu, tujuan khusus dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui kecenderungan perkembangan kemampuan berpikir tinggkat tinggi siswa dan kesulitan yang dihadapi selama pembelajaran. Instrumen penelitian adalah lembar aktivitas on task siswa, lembar pengamatan aktivitas siswa, tes formatif dan tes hasil belajar. Ujicoba dilakukan pada siswa kelas X SMAN 3 dan SMAN 5 Banda Aceh sebanyak 66 orang sebagai sampel. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan, perangkat pembelajaran matematika tersebut telah valid, praktis dan efektif sesuai dengan kriteria produk yang telah ditetapkan. Kecenderungan perkembangan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) siswa pada latihan formatif (T1 dan T2) bergerak naik dan Tes Hasil Belajar kategori baik, rata-rata 72%. Kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa dominan pada indikator kreasi dan evaluasi. Implikasi dari studi ini adalah model pembelajaran matematika berpikir tingkat tinggi dengan metode IMPROVE dan strategi metakognitif telah dapat digunakan untuk siswa kelas X SMA. Kata Kunci: HOTS, IMPROVE, Metakognitif, ADDIE

MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES DAN PENGUASAAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA KELAS XI IPA MELALUI METODE IMPROVE

The purpose of this study is to improve the process skills and mastery of students' knowledge in linear program material through the improve method in class XI IPA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Pandaan. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) with the Kemmis and McTaggart models, through two stages: (1) the initial observation stage (pre-action); and (2) the implementation phase of the action. Data instruments used were (1) an observation sheet to assess students 'learning process skills, and (2) written test questions sheets in the form of a post test to conduct an assessment of the mastery of students' learning outcomes. The data analysis technique used is the triangulation technique. The results showed there was a significant increase in the learning process skills and the mastery of students' learning outcomes knowledge. Based on the results of these achievements, it is necessary to take alternative actions in implementing appropriate and effective improve methods.

An Image-Based Multimedia Database and Efficient Detection though Features

Accurate feature detection during Image retrieval is important, data retrieves through image retrieval methods like CBIR and CBIR higher dimension data also need storage and access through different methods, content-based Image retrieval uses query like query by feature and query by example. More focus has made on accurate feature detection because need accurate feature retrieval. In simple words objectives are, to develop methods with sequence to classify features with normalization for efficient image retrieval from bulk dataset and also to improve method for local and global feature retrieval with automatic feature detection along accuracy. After study of different detection-based system, a methodology has been proposed which improves retrieval based on feature detection and feature detection had been improve with combination DWT+PCA+KSVM (polygon kernel +RBF kernel + Linear Kernel).

IMPROVING THE ABILITY OF MATHEMATIC STUDY PROBLEMS AND DISPOSITIONS SMP STUDENTS THROUGH IMPROVE METHOD

This study aims to: 1) know the achievement of problem-solving abilities and mathematical disposition of students, 2) the interaction between the learning model and the level of students' abilities to the achievement of problem-solving abilities and mathematical dispositions and 3) the association of problem ability and mathematical disposition students. This research uses the quantitative approach with the experimental method. The instrument used is a type of description test. Data analysis was done quantitatively by using t-test and two-track ANOVA test. The result of this research concludes that the achievement of problem-solving ability and mathematical disposition of students who gain learning with method Improve is better than students who get conventional learning either reviewed based on the whole students and based on students' early math ability. There is no interaction between learning method factors and the level of students' early mathematical ability toward the achievement of mathematical problem-solving abilities. There is no interaction between the learning method and the students' early mathematical ability towards achieving mathematical disposition abilities. Students have a positive attitude towards the learning of mathematics and Improve Method.