Potential Study of Liquefaction in the Downstream Area of Jono Oge-Paneki River, Central Sulawesi

Liquefaction during an earthquake is likely to occur in the quaternary geological layer of sediment. Based on the geological process, the mainland of Central Sulawesi was initially a sea lifted upward to become land Palu-Koro fault. Therefore, the land is basically of basic alluvium soil formation, sand deposits, and loose rock. The earthquake in Central Sulawesi in September 2018 was the cause of liquefaction, one of which was in the Jono Oge area, where most of the flow entered the Paneki river. This paper analyzed the potential for recurrent liquefaction by considering the soil structure and water level conditions. The authors focused on the downstream areas of the Paneki River, which passes through Langaleso and Kabobona Village. The data used is N-SPT data, followed by examining post-liquefaction settlement and lateral displacement. This study uses several variations of the earthquake magnitude and potential earthquakes that may occur. The results of observations indicate that the soil conditions of the study area are cohesionless soil. The liquefaction analysis shows that most of the research areas have liquefaction, land subsidence, and lateral displacement potential.

Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wheel Suspension System's Response for Quarter Car Model by Using 20-sim Software for Honda Civic Lx 2019 Sedan

This paper exhibits a study of car passive and active- suspension system to improving drive exhilarate to passengers while also enhancing vehicle stability by decreasing the effect of oscillation on the suspension. Modeling and simulation by using the bond diagram. They much concede a prime arrangement of the machine to the exterior surrounding: street quality, atmospherically circumstances, while guarantying driver as well as passengers, major safeness and more potentially exhilarate. Automotive aid it course manners. The result cleared this action plan at different set during the vehicle mean, but particularly in evolution level. It is also clear the proportion of suspension system's mass to the vehicle's mass. Also graphical representation of suspension system' parameters like vertical passenger displacement, potential energy of mass of suspension system and acceleration. To foretell the comportment of a car, it is necessary to make design, modeling, and simulation. Honda Civic Lx 2019 sedan car has used for modeling, and simulation.

Effect of fiber-orientation on stresses at the supporting end of a short cantilever beam of fiber-reinforced composites

The effect of fiber orientation on the state of stress, especially around the supporting end of a short cantilever beam of fiber-reinforced composites is investigated. Two limiting cases of fiber orientation are considered for the composite beam. A displacement potential based finite-difference computational scheme is used to obtain the numerical solution of the elastic field of the problem. Analysis of the results shows that the fiber orientation plays an important role in defining the state of stresses, especially around the supporting end of a cantilever beam. The fiber orientation effect is also identified to be influenced by a number of practical issues like, beam aspect-ratio, supporting condition, type of loading and fiber stiffness. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results with the corresponding FEM solution is included to verify the appropriateness as well as accuracy of the present computational study.

Transient analysis for two-dimensional chemo-mechanical coupled problem

In this paper, based on a diffusion and mechanical coupled continuum model, the two-dimensional chemo-mechanical coupled problem in the polar coordinates is studied under plane strain assumption. The transient analytical expressions for concentration and stresses are obtained using a displacement potential function and Airy stress function. An axisymmetric problem is considered to verify the correctness of these expressions. After that, a numerical example of a long enough and traction-free cylinder with variant concentration distribution on its cylindrical surface by angle is given, the results show that the shear stress on the cross section is generated during the process of diffusion and the axial stress increased with the increment of concentration. The in-plane stress for this traction-free cylinder will vanish at steady state when the concentration was linearly distributed.

Numerical analyses of stress and deformation in sandwich-structured composites

Sandwich-structured composites are extensively used in aerospace, transportation, marine, and automotive applications where mechanical performance and weight-saving features are extremely critical. Consequently, analyzing the mechanical properties including the elastic behavior of the sandwich structure is incumbent for the precise application of such composites. This paper deals with the stress analysis of a two-dimensional (2-D) rectangular sandwich-structured composite with the help of a robust numerical model. A finite difference (FD) scheme based on the displacement potential function is developed to investigate the stress-strain behavior of the sandwich structure under different loading conditions. The 2-D mixed-boundary-value elastic problem is solved by implementing special FD formulations inside the domain and at the boundaries. The mathematical intricacy of the interfaces of the sandwich structure is handled by employing modified FD formula structures. Results obtained from the FD model show that the two interfacial regions constitute the critical stress zones, and the material having a higher modulus of elasticity experiences higher stress. The proposed FD model is validated by comparing the FD results for stress distribution and displacement fields with the results obtained from a commercial finite element (FE) package. The comparison between the FE and FD results shows a good agreement which constructively establishes the proposed FD scheme as an accurate and reliable technique for conducting the structural analysis.

ENVIRONMENTAL-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT: POTENTIAL PROTECTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW?

<em>Climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters are some of the push factors of cross-border displacement. The consequence of this movement is the loss of legal protection from the country of origin of the displaced persons. They are not categorized as refugees as such and no international law specifically regulates the protection of climate displaced persons. This paper will try to analyze the legal protection of climate refugees based on international law. The paper elaborates the context of migration caused by climate change and its relevance with the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee, possibility of interpretation of the convention to cover environmental induced displacement and protection under international human rights instruments. The research concludes that it is quite difficult to include climate change-induced displacement under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee even through interpretation. However, it does not mean that the people cannot be protected. International law, especially International Human Rights Law extends protection to peoples belongs to that group.</em>