First Atlantic record of the rare infaunal shrimp Salmoneus erasimorum Dworschak, Abed-Navandi & Anker, 2000 (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae)

The rare symbiotic alpheid shrimp Salmoneus erasimorum Dworschak, Abed-Navandi & Anker, 2000 was previously known from a single specimen collected with a suction pump on the Croatian coast in the Adriatic Sea, together with its host, the ghost shrimp, Gilvossius tyrrhenus (Petagna, 1792). A second record of S. erasimorum is presented here, with a diagnosis and the first colour photographs, based on a single specimen collected in northern Brittany, France, also with a suction pump, but without its host. This is also the first record of the species on the European coast of the Atlantic Ocean. An annotated list and a key to the species of Salmoneus currently known from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea are provided.

Comparative anatomy of the rostrosoma of Solifugae, Pseudoscorpiones and Acari

We compare the microscopic anatomy of the mouthparts of representative species of Solifugae, Pseudoscorpiones and Parasitiformes (Acari). Specifically, we focus on the epistome, the labrum, the lateral lips (= endites of the pedipalpal coxae) and the musculature of the pharyngeal suction pump. We provide evidence that the labrum is reduced in Solifugae, but present and functional in Pseudoscorpiones and Acari. The epistome constitutes the entire dorsal face of the rostrosoma in Solifugae, but is internalized into the prosoma in Pseudoscorpiones. In Acari, the epistome shows an ancestral morphology, probably close to the ground pattern of chelicerates. The lateral lips of Solifugae contribute to the ventral face of the rostrosoma and the two lips of the mouth opening. In Solifugae, the ventral rostrosoma also includes a sclerite that might derive from a tritosternum. In Pseudoscorpiones, the lateral lips remain independent of the rostrosoma, they interlock ventral to the rostrosoma forming a perioral space. Here, the rostrosoma has an unpaired ventral lip of unresolved morphological origin, which is, however, clearly distinct from the lateral lips of Solifugae. The pharyngeal suction pump differs in all three clades in attachment, number of muscles and origin of muscles. We interpret the data as evidence for independent, parallel evolution of elements of the ground pattern of the (eu)chelicerate mouth parts. Based on the morphological elements of a common euchelicerate ground plan, the rostrosoma evolved independently in the three clades. We reject earlier hypotheses that consider the rostrosoma a character to support a phylogenetic relationship of the three clades.

To calculate the axial dimensions of inkjet devices for hydraulic transport of sand and gravel materials

The article presents the results of the dredger in a deep deposit of sand and gravel materials. It was found that when the diameter of the suction pipe exceeds the diameter of the inlet mixing chamber by 150 mm, the actual pressure from the ejector does not exceed one meter, and with an increase in the supply of the suction pump as a result of a sharp jump in hydraulic resistance, the vacuum is disrupted. It was also found that the effect on the calculated compression ratio of the jet apparatus increases with an increase in the injection coefficient and the input velocity of the injected stream.

Design and simulation analysis of vacuum fish suction pump

Most of Chinese aquacultural products rely on artificial nets to catch in 2020. Fish suction pump can replace artificial net, is an important mechanical equipment of fish breeding industry. The development of fish suction pump is relatively backward and the level of automation is still to be improved, which is not conducive to the large-scale and rapid development of aquaculture in various countries. This paper designs a single tank vacuum suction fish pump, the suction fish pump mainly uses the tank and the air pressure difference, through the automatic control system on the suction fish pump and each stage of the control, relying on the gravity of the mixture of fish and water to release fish. In this paper, fluent was used to conduct simulation analysis on the flow diagram of fish-water mixture inhaled at work, and the flow diagram and velocity vector diagram of the internal flow field were obtained. The results show that the vacuum fish suction pump can effectively reduce the fish collision damage. The vacuum fish suction pump designed in this paper can effectively complete the fishing work of cultured fish, with the characteristics of high efficiency and low damage, which can provide theoretical reference for the design of vacuum fish suction pump in the future.

Syngas Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Testing of Fracture Type Subbituminous Coal in Laboratory Scale

Underground Coal Gasification is a method used to convert underground coal seams into a gaseous product commonly called synthetic gas through a flammable chemical process without going through a conventional mining process. The UCG concept was first developed in England which was then continued by the Soviet Union in field trials of UCG which was used as a power plant. In Indonesia, Tekmira has begun to research UCG, but there are very few publications on UCG. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on laboratory scale UCG for analysis of gas products to support the study of renewable energy. UCG testing begins with sample preparation followed by laboratory-scale coal gasification testing. There is a sample of coal used in the test, namely Subbituminous Coal from Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. Initial combustion is carried out by flowing propane gas into the reactor tube using a burner. Furthermore, a mixture of oxygen gas and compressed air is used to keep the coals burning. After obtaining the gas from the combustion, then gas sampling is carried out using a suction pump which will be stored in a tedlar gas bag. Combustion gas products will be checked for syngas concentration using a Gas Chromatography tool to determine the concentration of CH4, CO2 and O2 gases. From the tests that have been carried out, the gas concentrations of O2 are 3.67%, CO2 41.51%, and CH4 6.93%. Coal in the confined test conditions has good conditions with indications of seeing the concentration of CH4, O2, and CO2 gas.

Numerical Study on the Tank Heel Determination Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Tank heel minimization is a significant issue in the design of LNG fuel tanks because it is associated with stable suction pump operation and thermal shock requirements during LNG bunkering. This study examined how the LNG tank heel is minimized, maintaining a suction pump fully submerged in LNG during dynamic vessel motion. The study assumed two LNG fuel tanks mounted on the forward deck of a 50,000 deadweight class oil product carrier. Information on the dimensions and shape of the LNG fuel tank was determined from Wartsila’s brochure, and the specifications of Vanzetti’s suction pump were referred to. The LNG fuel tank and LNG heel were modeled as rigid elements and hydrodynamically smoothed-particles, respectively. The number of particles could be determined by performing even keel analyzes by adding or subtracting particles until the target head was satisfied under the gravity load. To simulate the motion of the LNG fuel tank, the pitch and roll periods and amplitudes of the ship were calculated using the DNV classification rules. Visual observations of the dynamic flow during the pitch and roll motions with respect to the ship’s center of mass showed that the roll motion was more critical from the viewpoint of the LNG heel than the pitch motion. After performing the simulations for three cycles of roll and pitch motions, the suction pump submergence was reviewed in the last cycle. Under the conditions assumed in this study, a filling ratio of 15% was determined as the minimum LNG tank heel. Although the LNG heel has customarily been determined, the LNG heel needs to be determined through hydrodynamic analyses of each vessel because it depends on the shape of the fuel tank and the vessel motion characteristics.

Toward a Next-Generation Digital Chest Tube

Chest tubes in patients who have undergone pulmonary resection with pleural air leak are painful, impair ventilatory mechanics, and increase hospital length of stay and costs. Despite these well-documented concerns, current protocols for chest tube management in this setting are not well supported by evidence. Excessive suction applied to chest tubes has been associated with prolonged air leak due to alveolar over-distension, and most practitioners intuit that suction should be minimized to the lowest level needed to maintain desired pleural apposition. Unfortunately, there is no evidence-based protocol for the establishment of minimal adequate suction. Digital suction devices in current clinical use can identify air leak resolution preventing the delay of chest tube removal but cannot guide suction minimization while an air leak persists. We recently described a monitor of lung expansion in a porcine model of pleural air leak that could detect loss of pleural apposition continuously in real-time based on electrical impedance readings obtained directly from the surface of the lung via chest tube-embedded electrodes. The value of the impedance signal was “in-range” when pleural apposition was present but became abruptly “out-of-range” when pneumothorax due to inadequate suction developed. These findings suggested that a digitally controlled suction pump system could be programmed to recognize the development of pneumothorax and automatically identify and set the minimum level of suction required to maintain pleural apposition. We present here preliminary proof of concept for this system.

t-SNE and Variational Auto-Encoder with a bi-LSTM Neural Network-Based Model for Prediction of Gas Concentration in a Sealed-Off Area of Underground Coal Mines

A deep learning network is introduced to predict concentrations of gases in the underground coal mine enclosed region using various IoT-enabled gas sensors installed in a metallic gas chamber. The air is sucked automatically at specific intervals from the sealed-off site utilizing a solenoid valve, suction pump, and programmed microprocessor. The gas sensors monitor the gas content in the underground coal mine and communicate gas concentration to the surface server room through a wireless network and cloud storage media. The t-SNE_VAE_bi-LSTM model is proposed in this study as a prediction model that combines the t-SNE, VAE, and bi-LSTM networks. The proposed model's t-SNE method aims to minimize the dimensionality of the recorded gas concentration; the presented model's VAE layer intends to retrieve the inner characteristics of low-dimension gas concentration. Finally, the given model's Bi-LSTM layer tries to forecast the concentrations of CH4, CO2, CO, O2, and H2 gases. The proposed model's prediction accuracy is compared with the existing two models, namely auto-regressive integrated average moving (ARIMA) and chaos time series (CHAOS). The experiment findings demonstrate that the t-SNE_VAE_bi-LSTM model forecasted mean square error (MSE) is more accurate, and it has lesser MSE value of 0.029 and 0.069 for CH4; 0.037 and 0.019 for CO2; 0.092 and 0.92 for CO; 1.881 and 1.892 for O2; and 1.235 and 1.200 for H2 than the ARIMA and CHAOS models, respectively.

Groundwater modeling from Tien Thanh to Ke Ga area, Binh Thuan province

The coastal area, from Tien Thanh to Ke Ga including Thuan Quy and Tan Thanh communes, is among the regions having a high economic growth rate of Ham Thuan Nam district, Binh Thuan province. The economic growth rate thanked to the development of coastal tourist sites and cultivating areas of dragon fruit, resulted in the increased water demand. Due to the limitation of the water supply system and surface water, the region's main supply comes from the groundwater. The massive and uncontrolled exploitation could lead to the exhaustion and pollution of water reservoirs in the coastal Quaternary aquifer. To serve the management and use of groundwater resources, we calculated the used reserves of the entire area by modeling the layer containing water in the area using the Modflow module of GMS software 10.4 (Groundwater Modeling System). The input data were collected through the suction pump experiment, water samples, survey on exploitation, and results of research reports of nearby areas. The normalized steady-state models showed that aquifers in the area were recharged by rainwater, and re-fed to rivers, partly forming the flows to the sea. If the amount of wasted water into the sea was considered as the total exploitable reserve, the used reserve of underground water in this area is 70,158 m3/day.

COVID-19 in the Clinic: Aerosol Containment Mask for Endoscopic Otolaryngologic Clinic Procedures

Objective To create an aerosol containment mask (ACM) that contains aerosols during common otolaryngologic endoscopic procedures while protecting patients from environmental aerosols. Study Design Bench testing. Setting Mannequin testing. Methods The mask was designed in SolidWorks and 3-dimensional printed. Mannequins were fitted with a nebulizer to generate aerosols. Commercial particle counters were used to measure mask performance. Results The ACM has 2 ports on either side for instruments and endoscopes, a port for a filter, and a port that can evacuate aerosols contained within the mask via a standard suction pump. The mask contained aerosols on a mannequin with and without facial hair when the suction was set to 18.5 L/min. Other types of masks demonstrated substantial aerosol leakage under similar conditions. In a subsequent experiment, the ACM contained aerosols generated by a nebulizer up to the saturation of the particle detector without measurable leakage with or without suction. Conclusion The ACM will accommodate rigid and flexible endoscopes plus instruments and prevent leakage of patient-generated aerosols, thus avoiding contamination of the room and protecting health care workers from airborne contagions. Level of evidence 2.