scholarly journals Archaeological research of the expedition of the museum-reserve «Kizhi» in 2013-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Konstantin Enrikovich German ◽  
Igor Valerievich Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Onega Lake ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Ancient Monuments

The following paper summarizes the study results of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve archaeological expedition in 2013-2016. During this period Kosmozero, Vanchozero, Turastamozero and Ladmozero on the territory of the Zononezhsky peninsula in the Medvezhyegorsk district and the Suna River within the boundaries of the Kivach state reserve in the Kondopoga district were studied. The purpose of the study was to establish the high-altitude patterns in the location of the Stone Age settlements in the interior of the Karelia. As a result of the works 23 ancient settlements on the territory of the Zaonezhsky peninsula were located on the ancient terraces of the Onega Lake bays at heights of 3 to 12 meters above the current water level in the reservoirs, the most ancient monuments of the Mesolithic era occupying the highest hypsometric marks. A new archeological complex of 20 monuments was discovered, timed to the ancient coastal terraces of the Onega Lake and at altitudes of 4 to 14 meters above the modern water level and in the Suna River.

scholarly journals Signs of gathering and fishing on the monuments of the Late Neolithic - Early Eneolithic of Karelia (based on the settlement of Vigainavolok I)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Tatyana Anatolyevna Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Lake Onega ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Determining Factors

The paper presents the study results of Vigainavolok I materials. This settlement is located on the west of Lake Onega in Karelia. The monument was investigated by G.A. Pankrushev in 1963-1966. Its area was 8,000 m. 26 buildings remains were revealed. The area of 2748 m was studied. The inventory collection includes more than 25 thousand pieces of ceramics and about 7 thousand pieces of stone, clay and metal. The buildings served as dwellings and workshops. The collection includes sinkers that are marked as direct signs of fishing. Favorable climatic conditions for the development in the forest zone, confined to the coast of a large body of water, settlement equipment, osteological materials of the Stone Age monuments characterize fishing as one of the determining factors in the life of the population.

scholarly journals Spatial And Temporal Transformation Of Bottom Sediments In The Volga River. Communication 1. Bottom sediments and their transformation as the result of the increase in the water level of the Cheboksary

2015 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Mercury Deposition ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Cheboksary Reservoir ◽  
Current Water ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Temporal Transformation ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

Spatial and temporal patters of the formation, distribution and accumulation of bottom sediments in the Cheboksary Reservoir at the current water level for the period from 1981 to 2010 are considered. The prediction of their state is made taking into consideration the increase in the level of the Baltic system to 65 and 68 m. The effect of sedimentation processes on mercury deposition in sediments is determined. Some hydrobiological and social aspects of the problem are considered.

Archaeology in New China

Antiquity ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 37 (147) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsia Nai
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
Economic Construction ◽  
Abundant Data ◽  
Made In

Archaeology as a branch of historical science has made new headway in the thirteen years since the founding of the Chinese People's Republic. The scale of its work has expanded and methods of research have been improved. Large numbers of young archaeological workers have been trained. In the course of the nation's gigantic economic construction, remains of ancient settlements and tombs have been uncovered in many places, yielding numerous important relics which have provided abundant data for archaeological research. Throughout the country, hosts of archaeological workers from research institutes, universities, museums and institutions for the preservation of ancient monuments are carrying out both field work and academic study and have already attained considerable success in their efforts to explore the history of ancient China on the basis of archaeological finds. All this has given further impetus to the advance of Chinese archaeology.Archaeological finds made in New China are so rich that the present article can attempt to discuss only some of the most important problems.

Spatiotemporal change of water level in ungauged high-altitude tropical lakes: a DInSAR approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Palomino-Ángel ◽  
Raúl F. Vázquez ◽  
Henrietta Hampel ◽  
Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo ◽  
Pablo V. Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Water Level Change ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
Lake Systems

<p>Spatiotemporal characteristics of physical responses of lakes to external and environmental changes are still largely unknown due to the consistent lack of monitoring of water level and corresponding changes in water storage in lakes. Understanding these changes is a fundamental step in advancing regional management of natural and anthropogenic systems that depend on the water resources of lakes. As an illustrative example, we here report a case study involving lakes of the headwater topical Andes mountain range, which, despite guaranteeing water security to millions of downstream inhabitants, still remain significantly ungauged. We present a novel evaluation of the potential of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar DInSAR techniques for the spatiotemporal analysis of patterns of water level change in lakes such as the ones comprising these ungauged high-altitude lake systems. Time series of Sentinel-1B data for the years 2017 and 2018 were used to generate continuous interferograms representing water level changes in twenty-four lakes of the Cajas National Park, Ecuador. The relation of these water level changes with climatic and topographical factors were analyzed to validate the methodology, and determine any patterns of change and response to climatic drivers. We found relatively high Pearson correlation coefficients between regional precipitation and water level change as estimated from the interferograms. Furthermore, we found an important negative relationship between water level change, as obtained from the DInSAR phase, and lake surface area. The study revealed a spatial trend of this correlation in terms of the altitude of the lakes at the basin scale; that is, lower correlation values were found in the headers of the basins, whilst higher correlation values were found at lower basin altitudes. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of DInSAR techniques based on Sentinel-1 data for the monitoring of hydrologic changes in open water surfaces, and the possible validation of the DInSAR results with precipitation when gauged water level data is missing. These results are a basis to propose monitoring strategies in ungauged high-altitude lake systems in regions with similar data gauging constraints. Future work will encompass the integration of ongoing water level gauging for further validation of the herein depicted lake water level estimation approach.</p>

Investigating Seepage Paths at Golfaraj Earthen Dam, Northwest Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. qjegh2021-053
Author(s):  
Sadegh Saberi Mehr ◽  
Malcolm S. Field
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Cutoff Wall ◽  
Earthen Dam ◽  
The West ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
West Side ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Northwest Iran

An investigation of seepage was conducted at Golfaraj Reservoir Dam with a particular emphasis on determining the seepage areas based on regional and site-specific hydrogeological studies. The primary goal of the investigation was to develop strategies intended to minimize dam and reservoir seepage. Leakage from the reservoir is a serious problem and of considerable concern to the local populace. Substantial reduction of seepage from Golfaraj Reservoir Dam is the ultimate goal of the investigations conducted. Golfaraj Reservoir Dam, located in East Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran, was built to provide water for agricultural and industrial needs in Golfaraj plain and neighboring lands. The Golfaraj Reservoir was constructed through the Miocene Upper Red Formation, which consists of sequences of sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, and gypsiferous marl. Following reservoir filling, seepage of water into adjacent formations was found to occur at an estimated rate of 70 L/s. After reservoir impoundment groundwater levels in Shahmar village, 2 km downstream and just north of the dam axis, rose and land surfaces became abnormally wet. Lugeon values in some boreholes drilled around Golfaraj Dam before and after dam construction were high enough to indicate that the dam base has sufficient permeability to allow water to escape by underflow. Twenty-four Casagrande piezometers installed around the dam axis at four sectors provided additional information on seepage pathways through the dam body and underneath or through the cutoff wall. Water-level variations in the Casagrande piezometers confirmed the seepage routes. Study results showed that reservoir water likely seeps through the reservoir bottom and beneath and through the cutoff wall. The west side of the dam and near the reservoir reflected water-level rises in accordance with the rise in reservoir-water level. Seepage in this area is probably due to its proximity to Golfaraj Reservoir. Hydrogeochemical analyses further suggest that the water source of Shahmar Drain, ~ 1800 m north of Golfaraj Dam cannot be from the east or west embankments of the dam because the electrical conductivity in Shahmar Drain water approximates the electrical conductivity of Golfaraj Reservoir water and is lower than the electrical conductivity of groundwater in some of boreholes. Potential future seepage mitigation measures will focus on methods to seal the reservoir floor and cutoff wall sections I2-I2 and I3-I3, although some efforts may be directed at the west side of the dam. Such measures could take the form of installation of a geomembrane barrier over the west side of the dam, concrete cutoff walls downstream of the dam, and pumping wells to intercept seepage.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sustainability in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sustainability-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology

Frameworks for Europe’s Past

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Douglas Price
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Prehistoric Time

This book is about the prehistoric archaeology of Europe—the lives and deaths of peoples and cultures—about how we became human; the rise of hunters; the birth and growth of society; the emergence of art; the beginnings of agriculture, villages, towns and cities, wars and conquest, peace and trade—the plans and ideas, achievements and failures, of our ancestors across hundreds of thousands of years. It is a story of humanity on planet Earth. It’s also about the study of the past—how archaeologists have dug into the ground, uncovered the remaining traces of these ancient peoples, and begun to make sense of that past through painstaking detective work. This book is about prehistoric societies from the Stone Age into the Iron Age. The story of European prehistory is one of spectacular growth and change. It begins more than a million years ago with the first inhabitants. The endpoint of this journey through the continent’s past is marked by the emergence of the literate societies of classical Greece and Rome. Because of a long history of archaeological research and the richness of the prehistoric remains, we know more about the past of Europe than almost anywhere else. The prehistory of Europe is, in fact, one model of the evolution of society, from small groups of early human ancestors to bands of huntergatherers, through the arrival of the first farmers to the emergence of hierarchical societies and powerful states in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The chapters of our story are the major ages of prehistoric time (Stone, Bronze, and Iron). The content involves the places, events, and changes of those ages from ancient to more recent times. The focus of the chapters is on exceptional archaeological sites that provide the background for much of this story. Before we can begin, however, it is essential to review the larger context in which these developments took place. This chapter is concerned with the time and space setting of the archaeology of Europe.

scholarly journals Holocene relative shore-level changes and Stone Age palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triine Nirgi ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
Hando-Laur Habicht ◽  
Tiit Hang ◽  
Tõnno Jonuks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Shore Level ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Shore Displacement ◽  
Ancylus Lake ◽  
Eastern Baltic

The shore displacement and palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea, during the Stone Age, were reconstructed using sedimentological and archaeological proxies and GIS-based landscape modelling. We discovered and studied buried palaeochannel sediments on the coastal lowland and in the shallow offshore of the Pärnu Bay and interpreted these data together with previously published shore displacement evidence. The reconstructed relative shore-level (RSL) curve is based on 78 radiocarbon dates from sediment sequences and archaeological sites in the Pärnu Bay area and reported here using the HOLSEA sea-level database format. The new RSL curve displays regressive water levels at −5.5 and −4 m a.s.l. before the Ancylus Lake and Litorina Sea transgressions, respectively. According to the curve, the total water-level rise during the Ancylus Lake transgression (10.7–10.2 cal. ka BP) was around 18 m, with the average rate of rise about 35 mm per annum, while during the Litorina Sea transgression (8.5–7.3 cal. ka BP), the water level rose around 14 m, with average rate of 12 mm per annum. During the short period around 7.8–7.6 cal. ka BP, the RSL rose in Pärnu, but probably also in Samsø (Denmark), Blekinge (Sweden) and Narva-Luga (NE Estonia–NW Russia), faster than the concurrent eustatic sea level calculated from the far-field sites. The palaeogeographic reconstructions show the settlement patterns of the coastal landscape since the Mesolithic and provide new perspective for looking Mesolithic hunter-fisher-gatherer settlement sites on the banks of the submerged ca. 9000 years old river channel in the bottom of the present-day Pärnu Bay.

scholarly journals ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES ON THE TERRITORY OF GORNAYA SHORIA: PALEOSOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Sergey V. BASHTANNIK
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Kuznetsk Basin ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
North East ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

The aim of this article is a historical and sociological understanding of materials from the era of stone and bronze, accumulated so far as a result of research of the settlement monuments of Gornaya Shoria. The direct subject of paleosociological reconstructions in this work are the migrations of the ancient population. Gornaya Shoria is a historical and cultural region, located in the southern part of the Kuznetsk Basin. In the east and north-east it adjoins the Abakan ridge and the Kuznetsk Alatau, in the south - to the Altai, in the west it is separated from the Salair ridge by the NenyaChumysh ridge. This article is devoted to the cultural and historical interpretation of the archaeological data of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, accumulated to this day as a result of the study of the settlement monuments of the Gornaya Shoria. The first information about the ancient fortifications, mounds and places of worship on the territory of Mountain Shoria was left by military engineers in the 18th century. Archaeological research on the territory of Gornaya Shoria intensified in the late 1970s.The vast majority of monuments of archeology, known in the territory of Gornaya Shoria, have been revealed over the past 30 years. Unfortunately, in the interfluve of the rivers Mrassu and Kondoma, on tributaries of the second and third orders, archaeological reconnaissance has not yet been conducted. Virtually unknown monuments of the early Holocene era (Mesolithic - Neolithic).The study of archaeological monuments of this region was carried out, mainly, on the basis of local museums and they not putting special research aims. Therefore, in this article on the materials of archaeological monuments of the Stone Age and Bronze Age, is considered the interaction of the population of Gornaya Shoria as a historical and cultural region with archaeological cultures of the middle flowing of the river Ob’, the Tom basin, and the Tobol-Irtysh region. Cultural complexes associated with ancient migrations are singled out. Archaeological monuments with pottery of Novokuskovo, Krokhalievo, Mundybash, and comb-pit pottery types are characterized, their relative chronology is suggested. A brief history of archaeological research in Gornaya Shoria is given.

scholarly journals Wahania poziomów wody jezior w Polsce w latach 1956–2015 = Water-level fluctuations in Polish lakes in the 1956–2015 period

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Jerzy Jańczak ◽  
Ptak Mariusz
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Study Results

Water-level fluctuations are among the primary factors determining the functioning of lakes. The volume to which lake basins are filled with water is of major importance to the courses of many processes and phenomena. A particular amount of water in a lake, and water-table stability, are also important from the point of view of human activity, as these elements help determine the quantity and accessibility of the water resources lakes have to offer, and therefore the possibilities for them to be used by different branches of the economy, e.g. industry, agriculture or tourism. The work detailed here is thus a presentation of trends as regards water-level fluctuations in 16 lakes in Poland, over the period 1956–2015. The study results, obtained for the first time in relation to such a long time scale and extending to around a dozen lakes, aim to point to the scale and direction of water-level fluctuations in times of the intensive transformation of the natural environment. They were obtained by reference to water-level observations made by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMiGW-PIB). Specifically, data referring to the (November-October) hydrological year were analysed for trends as regards mean annual water levels using the Mann-Kendall test. Results point to major variability in the courses noted for these levels over the analysed multiannual period. Nevertheless, three overall situations could be designated from within the group of cases analysed, i.e. increase, decrease or lack of a trend. The first group includes Lakes Sławskie, Jamno, Łebsko, Nidzkie, and Studzieniczne (where increases were statistically significant at p=0.05); the second, Lakes Ostrzyckie and Ełckie (decreases significant at p=0.05); and the last group all remaining lakes, i.e. Charzykowskie, Jeziorak and Rajgrodzkie, Biskupińskie, Drwęckie and Białe, Gopło, Roś, and Wigry. It was, however, noted that in many cases analysed periods of alternating increase and decrease in water level were to be observed. The causes of such fluctuations were complex, but inter alia reflected droughts of several years’ duration, periods featuring higher-than-average precipitation, and local conditions. In general, water-level fluctuations in lakes result from natural and anthropogenic factors determining the hydrological conditions in catchments. And in the context of the lakes considered here, the courses of water-level fluctuations were mostly a reflection of local, rather than wider climatic conditions – a fact i.a. illustrated by the lack of cohesive regional designations. The situation is different from that of, for example, the thermal or ice regimes of Polish lakes, in relation to which observed similarities in properties are seen to be determined mainly by climatic factors. Information of this kind may be of key importance to the (quantitative and qualitative) management of water resources in the context of the climate change being observed currently.

scholarly journals Hydropower Plants Frequency Regulation Depending on Upper Reservoir Water Level

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Platero ◽  
Sánchez ◽  
Nicolet ◽  
Allenbach
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Reservoir Water Level ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Control Frequency ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Power Injection ◽  
Current Water

This paper presents a novel method of hydro power plant operation, based on the control of the injectors’ or wicked gates opening time as a function of the upper reservoir level. In this way, a faster power injection, depending on the current water level on the upper reservoir, could be achieved. When this level is higher, the opening time could be shorter; hence, hydropower ramps could be steeper. Due to this control, frequency excursions and load shedding trips are smaller, thus the power quality is enhanced. This method has been tested and validated by computer simulations in a case study located in El Hierro island, Canary Archipelago (Spain). The simulations made show significant improvements, dependent on upper reservoir water level, in power quality.

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