MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS APPLIED TO IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY DATA OF A WATERSHED IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL1

ABSTRACT Water scarcity is one of the main problems in the Semiarid region of Brazil, which can be mitigated by water resource management strategies. The objective of this work was to classify waters of a watershed in the Semiarid region of Brazil and select the water attributes that most affect the quality of waters used for irrigation (QWI), using multivariate statistics. The study area was the Riacho da Bica watershed, which is between the municipalities of Portalegre and Viçosa, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The QWI was determined using water samples from 15 collections carried out from 2016 to 2018, in five specific points of the watershed, starting in the spring and following the water course. The water attributes evaluated were: electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), and sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) contents. The water quality data were subjected to multivariate statistics through factorial analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The application of multivariate statistics through FA-PCA generated four principal components. The attributes that most explained the QWI variation were potassium, calcium, and pH for Factor 01, and sodium and RAS for Factor 02. The watershed waters were classified as low risk of salinity and medium risk of sodicity (C1S2) for irrigation purposes.

Groundwater Origin and Quality Appraisal through a Combined Geochemical and Isotopic Approach in the Great Algiers District (Algeria)

The assessment of the origin of water that is allocated both for people and for irrigation in the eastern part of the Mitidja plain was carried out making use of geochemical and isotopic tools (18O, 2H and 3H). Both hydrochemical and isotopic information gathered for eastern Mitidja alluvial aquifer were used for the sake of assessing the mechanisms controlling groundwater chemistry. This allowed one to identify: (i) the natural or the anthropogenic processes that control groundwater quality, (ii) the origin of groundwater and when its recharge occurs. The work involved sampling campaigns, in situ measurements, and analyses of ions, heavy metals and water isotope content. Results showed a fair overall chemical quality of waters, since the assessment of water quality using water quality index (WQI) revealed that 90 % of the groundwater samples are good. Mitidja’s groundwaters fall into the Cl−SO4−Ca water type, that is mainly induced by water-rock interactions (dissolution of evaporites). The concentrations in Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd for some of the samples were found higher than the prescribed limits recommended by the World Health Organization. Isotopes indicate that groundwater is young since it originates from direct infiltration of precipitation that is mostly induced by Mediterranean atmospheric disturbances.

Waters quality test based on macrozoobenthos bioindicator parameter in the Bolong river, Magelang

The exploration of macrozoobenthos diversity as a bioindicator parameter in the Bolong river, Magelang has not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the water quality of the Bolong river based on macrozoobenthos Bioindicator parameters. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The water quality test is measured based on the level of macrozoobenthos diversity according to the Shannon-Wienner diversity index. The purposive sampling method is used to determine 5 stations for sample collection. The intake of macrozoobenthos is done by using a Surber net and a tray at the bottom of river waters. Moreover, sampling is carried out with three repetitions. The data is analyzed using a diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index to determine the water quality based on the Bioindicator parameters. Based on the result of the study, the macrozoobenthos diversity index is 1.028. Based on this index, the quality of waters in the Bolong river is considered as moderate pollution.

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND CHLOROPHYLL-α CONCENTRATION IN THE SUNGAI MESJID VILLAGE DUMAI RIAU PROVINCE

The research was conducted in December 2019 at Sungai Mesjid Village Dumai Riau Province. This study aims were to know the condition of water quality, know the structure of the phytoplankton community, know the concentration of chlorophyll-a and know the effect between chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton abundance in waters. The method used in this study was a survey method. The research location is divided into 3 station points namely Bangsal Aceh, Marine Station and Jalan Dermaga. The results showed that the quality of waters classified as oligotrophic waters. Phytoplankton found in this study consisted of 4 classes and 12 species of phytoplankton and the abundance of phytoplankton has a range between 195.57 - 244.33 ind./l. Diversity index (H') ranges from 1.2951 - 2.1705, dominance index (D) ranges from 0.24 to 0.46 and uniformity index (E) ranges from 0.7825 to 0.9551. The chlorophyll-a concentration in waters of Sungai Mesjid Village in Dumai ranged from 0.0025 to 0.0210 mg/L. Phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll-a concentration has a moderate effect, wherewith increasing chlorophyll-a concentration, phytoplankton abundance will also increase

Evaluation of the Quality of Waters Formed in the River Cheremiskhevi Bed for the Purposes of Drinking and Domestic Water Supply

Increase in quantity of population, development of industry and agriculture has created a systemic growth of demand on water. Despite the fact that Georgia is rich in natural water resources having high quality drinking properties, in many regions and, especially, in semi-arid and humid zones, the problem of supplying the population with clean drinking water is quite acute. The article is about the issue of utilizing the waters formed in the River Cheremiskhevi bed for prospectively supplying with water the villages (Village Velistsikhe, Village Zegaani, Village Mukuzaani) in Gurjaani municipality situated on the North-East slope of Tsiv-Gombori Ridge. With this purpose, in 2013-2020, the chemical and sanitarymicrobiological characteristics of the filtrate waters in alluvial-proluvial sediments and surface (river) runoff of the River Cheremiskhevi were studied in field and stationary conditions.

KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN PANTAI DI SEKITAR LOKASI TAMBAK PERIKANAN KECAMATAN GEROKGAK KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of waters, community structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton around the fishponds waters of Gerokgak Subdistrict. This research was conducted for 2 months, from May to June 2019. There were three sampling locations, namely in Gerokgak, Patas and Sumberkima Villages. The research method used was field research using quantitative analysis of phytoplankton biological indice. The waters condition around the Gerokgak Subdistrict waters was rather polluted, except for the around Sumberkima Village waters. The quality of the waters of Sumberkima Village was better than that of Gerokgak Village and Patas Village waters. Plankton abundance in the waters of Sumberkima Village was slightly low. The highest abundance of plankton in the waters of Patas Village and the lowest in Gerokgak Village waters. The dominant type of plankton was Cyanophyceae (blue-green algae). Keywords: water quality; plankton; species; abundance.

Komunitas perifiton dan karakteristik fisika kimia sebagai indikator kualitas perairan di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Mamberamo Provinsi Papua

The waters of the Mamberamo watershed are around 7.7 million hectares. Some territorial waters are surrounded by jungles that are rich in unique biodiversity. Diverse biodiversity must be accompanied by a state of good water quality. So that the monitoring of water quality is very good in terms of physical and chemical physics parameters. Monitoring using chemical physics parameters has been widely used, but using aquatic biota is still rare, so it is expected to be more assertive in exposing the state of river damage. Aquatic biota used is periphyton. Periphyton has the potential to be a study of ecological indicators, a major producer in the food chain and its inherent nature in aquatic substrates. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of the periphyton community, determine the quality of waters in terms of chemical physics in the Mamberamo watershed and see the relationship between the two parameters. The method of determining the location was purposive sampling with descriptive analysis of the correlation results. Field observations and sampling were carried out on three tributaries and ponds in the form of flood-exposed lakes in the Membramo watershed in February, May, August and October 2016. The results showed the highest periphyton composition of Bacillariophyceae class followed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. The diversity value of the Mamberamo river is 1 H '= 3 which indicates moderate diversity, and the dominance index value ranges from 0.15 to 0.45, which indicates that there is no species that dominates in the waters of the Mamberamo River. Based on the results of the water quality assessment in the presence of periphyton and the physical chemistry characteristics of the water, it is found that the criteria for river water quality are classified as good and not polluted.Keywords:Ecological indicatorsChemical physics characteristicsPeriphytonMamberamo RiverPapuaABSTRAKLuas perairan DAS Mamberamo berkisar 7,7 juta hektar. Sebagian wilayah perairan dikeliling oleh hutan rimba yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang unik. Keanekaragaman hayati yang beragam harus disertai keadaan kualitas air yang baik. Sehingga pemantauan kualitas perairan sangat perlu baik ditinjau dari parameter fisika kimia dan biologi. Pemantauan menggunakan parameter fisika kimia telah banyak digunakan, tetapi menggunakan biota perairan masih jarang ,sehingga diharapkan dapat lebih tegas dalam mengekspresikan keadaan kerusakan sungai. Biota perairan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perifiton. Perifiton berpotensi sebagai kajian indikator ekologis, produsen utama dalam rantai makanan serta sifatnya yang menempel di substrat perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman komunitas perifiton, mengetahui kualitas perairan dari segi fisika kimia di DAS Mamberamo serta melihat hubungan antara kedua parameter tersebut. Metode penentuan lokasi purposive sampling dengan analisis deskripitif dari hasil korelasi. Pengamatan lapangan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga aliran anak sungai dan telaga yang berupa danau paparan banjir di DAS Membramo pada Februari, Mei, Agustus dan Oktober 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi perifiton tertinggi kelas Bacillariophyceae diikuti Chlorophyceae dan Cyanophyceae. Nilai keanekaragaman sungai Mamberamo adalah 1H’=3 yang menyatakan keanekaragaman sedang, dan nilai indeks dominasi berkisar 0,15-0,45 yang menandakan bahwa tidak ada jenis yang mendominasi di perairan Sungai Mamberamo. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kualitas air secara keberadaan perifiton dan karakteristik fisika kimia air maka didapat kriteria kualitas perairan sungai yang tergolong bagus dan belum tercemar.Kata kunci:Indikator ekologisKarakteristik fisika kimiaPerifitonSungai MamberamoPapua

Short Communication: The effect of water quality on the population density of Pterygoplichthys pardalis in the Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia

Elfidasari D, Wijayanti F, Muthmainah HF. 2020. Short Communication: The effect of water quality on the population density of Pterygoplichthys pardalis in the Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4100-4106. The quality of waters is determined by the average value of the measured parameter range with a direct impact on aquatic biota due to pollution. The Ciliwung River is one of the polluted waters in Jakarta, which is the habitat for Pterygoplichthys pardalis (plecos catfish) that dominates the river. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the influence of Ciliwung River quality on the density of P. pardalis. Data were obtained by measuring DO, BOD, pH, rainfall, temperature, water clarity, turbidity, current velocity, river depth, ammonia, and phosphate levels, as well as the fish population density. The research result showed that the density of P. pardalis population was greatly influenced by the DO, BOD, pH, turbidity, and ammonia parameters of the Ciliwung River. The waters quality with the DO condition of 2.6 mg/L, BOD of 1,2 mg/L, pH of 7.2, the turbidity of 3.85 FTU and ammonia of 2.65 ppm were the optimum conditions for the highest population density of P. pardalis in the Ciliwung River