scholarly journals Alteration of Consumption Habits in Turkey Over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Mahmut Zeki Akarsu
Keyword(s):  
Disposable Income ◽  
Consumption Function ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Saving Ratio ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
Consumption Saving ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Consumption Habits

Simon Kuznets and John Maynard Keynes did research on the subject of propensity to consume. Kuznets asserted that people do not alter their consumption/saving ratio and spend more when they have more disposable income. Keynes alleged that when disposable income increases, the rate of saving also increases over time because people tend to keep their consumption habits steady. Namely, the consumption/saving ratio of households or individuals tends to decrease as disposable income goes up. And in this study, the Keynesian consumption function is investigated in the Turkish economy. The result of this research might give insight into the future of the consumption/saving ratio in Turkey. In the study, the ARDL econometric model is operated with data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The result of the study is that people change their consumption habits with the increase of disposable income. As a result, the consumption level has been slowing down, and the propensity to consume diminishes. That proves that the Keynesian consumption function holds in Turkey.

scholarly journals OS MICROFUNDAMENTOS DO CONSUMO: DE KEYNES ATÉ A VERSÃO MODERNA DA TEORIA DA RENDA PERMANENTE

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Dias Rangel Oreiro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Permanent Income ◽  
Permanent Income Hypothesis ◽  
Consumption Function ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
Consumption Decision

Este artigo pretende analisar a evolução recente das teorias de consumo, enfatizando os micro-fundamentos do consumo, desde Keynes (1936) até a versão moderna da teoria da renda permanente de Hall- Flavin (1978-1981), bem como inserir o comportamento do consumidor numa ótica intertemporal. Nesse contexto, são discutidas: a teoria de consumo de John Maynard Keynes (1936); os fatos estilizados de Simon Kuznets (1940); a contribuição de Irving Fisher à teoria de consumo ao propor o modelo intertemporal básico de comportamento do consumidor; a teoria da renda permanente de Milton Friedman (1957) e a teoria do ciclo da vida de Franco Modigliani (1963), as quais se baseiam no arcabouço teórico de Fisher para explicar o “enigma do consumo”; e finalmente, a chamada “versão moderna da teoria da renda permanente” de Hall - Flavin (1978-81), que aplica o método de expectativas racionais aos modelos ciclo-da vida/ renda permanente. Abstract The objective of the present article is to analyze the recent evolution of the theories of the consumption function, with a special emphasis over the micro foundations of the consumption decision, since Keynes (1936) until the modern version of the permanent income hypothesis of Hall and Flavin (1978-1981). In this setting we will discuss the following issues: the consumption function theory of John Maynard Keynes, the stylized facts of Kusnets, the Irving Fisher contribution to the consumption function theory by his proposal of an intertemporal framework to analyze consumer behavior; Milton Friedman´s theory of permanent income and Modigliani´s life-cycle hypothesis. All these theories are based upon Irving Fisher framework to explain the “consumption enigma”. Finally we will analyze the Hall-Flavin version of the permanent income hypothesis, which applies the rational expectations method to the models of aggregate consumption based on the life-cycle/permanent income hypothesis.

The Measurement and Behaviour of the UK Saving Ratio in the 1970s

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Consumption Function ◽  
Saving Ratio ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Uk

The consumption function is probably the most widely researched area in macro-economics and until the early seventies it seemed to be one of the most stable relationships. However, in the 1970s there was a sharp and rapid rise in the saving ratio of the personal sector that was not predicted by existing equations. Moreover the rise in the saving ratio coincided with an increase in the rate of inflation and the conventional view had been that inflation would discourage saving. This prompted a search for theories that would explain the ‘paradox’ of saving behaviour.

scholarly journals Per-capita income versus household-need adjusted income: a cross-country comparison

2009 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Christos Koulovatianos ◽  
Polina Minkovski ◽  
Carsten Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Over Time

We use data from the Luxembourg Income Study in order to quantify the economy-wide monetary gains achieved by Household-Size Economies, due to the within-household sharing of goods by individuals living in multi-member households. In most of the twenty countries we examine, we observe a decline in monetary gains achieved by Household-Size Economies over time. This decline is the result of a demographic trend towards smaller-sized household units, rather than a change in the shares of aggregate disposable income earned by household types of different size.

Is Globalization Good for Wine Drinkers in the United States?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Gokcekus ◽  
Andrew Fargnoli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Real Price ◽  
Good For ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTo determine whether globalization is good for wine drinkers in the U.S., we examine the Wine Spectator's annual Top 100 lists, published since 1988. During this period, the average real price for these wines decreases from $43 to $26. Quality is consistent at around 93 points. Variety increases from six to twelve countries; the share of countries dominating the early lists declines from 95% to 75% over time. Our regression analysis indicates that when a New-New World wine replaces an Old World one, the average real price of the Top 100 list falls by 2.5%. (JEL Classification: F120, F140, C200)“My only regret in life is that I did not drink more champagne.” (John Maynard Keynes) (Harod, 1951, p. 15)

scholarly journals Tax Elasticity and Progressivity for Turkish Tax System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fethiye Burcu Turkmen - Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Macroeconomic Time Series ◽  
Phd Thesis

I mainly used macroeconomic (time-series data) obtained from Central Bank of Republic of Turkey and General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control. The data is open to public and can be obtained free of charge. While the former institution provided GDP data derived from national accounts, the latter institution provided the tax revenue figures from 1924 onward. I also benefited from household budget survey data provided free of charge and open to public by Turkstat (official statistical institute). <div><br></div><div>My main method is time-series econometrics. I employed ARDL and FMOLS methods to derive figures which are used to calculate tax elasticity and to analyse tax progressivity. I adopted approach provided by Kakinaka et al (2006) to measure tax progressivity for Turkish economy. </div><div><br></div><div>The paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing project of the author. The first results were presented in her PhD thesis previously.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Temporary Star or Emerging Tiger? Turkey's Recent Economic Performance in a Global Setting

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 47-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Öniş ◽  
İsmail Emre Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article assesses the recent performance of the Turkish economy, questioning whether the currently observed unusual boom conditions will lead to a process of sustainable growth. The latest phase of Turkish neo-liberal transformation in the post-2001 era is placed in a broader historical and global context; at the same time, the performance of the economy in recent years is compared with that of other key emerging markets, based on selected macroeconomic indicators. Utilizing the East Asian experience as the principal benchmark for comparison, this paper examines whether Turkey is on its way to accomplishing tiger-like development performance. Given the current challenges to sustainable growth, we conclude that it is premature to suggest that the impressive performance of the recent years will lead to durable success and tiger-like performance. While the focus is on the Turkish experience, the paper also probes the very nature of tiger-like performance itself, highlighting the fact that in setting standards for exceptional economic performance we need to extend our horizons beyond high rates of economic growth sustained over time, to broader indicators of social, political and human development.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment and Intra-Industry Trade: Causality Analysis of Transport Equipment Sector in Turkey (2006-2013)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharrem Akın Doğanay ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Değer ◽  
Murat Can Genç
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study is that to test empirically relationship between Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In this study, the relationship between IIT and FDI was analysed using time series analysis for the Turkish transport equipment sector. For this purpose, FDI, import and export data in the transport equipment sector were obtained from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey and Turkish Statistical Institute. The period of the study has been limited between 2006:01 and 2013:11 due to constraints in the relevant data about the Turkish economy. In this study, the Grubel - Lloyd index have been derived using import and export values for the transport equipment sector in Turkey. This index and FDI in the transport equipment sector has been tested by the Granger causality analysis. The existence empirical and theoretical literature has not been reached any consensus about the relationship between the variables. Some researchers found a bilateral sign between FDI and IIT, while another studies show that there is some presence of unidirectional causality. This study's findings indicate that there is a unidirectional causality from FDI to IIT in the Turkish Transport equipment sector.

scholarly journals Typology and Representation of Alterations in Territorial Units: A Proposal

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Francisco Goerlich ◽  
Francisco Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Canonical Representation ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article proposes a typology of boundary changes in territorial units at two points in time. The different types of changes are organized in a hierarchy and represented homogeneously, independently of the number of territorial units involved and of the changes to them. Each alteration is described precisely and unambiguously, and it is codified to allow the information to be treated automatically. In addition to providing efficient storage of the information about these changes, a canonical representation facilitates the automatic detection of inconsistencies in the database. At the same time, the typology allows us to define backward and forward equivalence rules, which helps in the task of generating homogeneous time series about territorial unit characteristics, such as population or surface area, or generating the full genealogy of a territorial unit over time. We also offer an application of the proposal to inconsistencies and error detection in the database Alterations to the Municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842 from the Spanish National Statistical Institute (INE).

Tax Elasticity and Progressivity for Turkish Tax System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fethiye Burcu Turkmen - Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
First Results ◽  
Macroeconomic Time Series ◽  
Phd Thesis

I mainly used macroeconomic (time-series data) obtained from Central Bank of Republic of Turkey and General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control. The data is open to public and can be obtained free of charge. While the former institution provided GDP data derived from national accounts, the latter institution provided the tax revenue figures from 1924 onward. I also benefited from household budget survey data provided free of charge and open to public by Turkstat (official statistical institute). <div><br></div><div>My main method is time-series econometrics. I employed ARDL and FMOLS methods to derive figures which are used to calculate tax elasticity and to analyse tax progressivity. I adopted approach provided by Kakinaka et al (2006) to measure tax progressivity for Turkish economy. </div><div><br></div><div>The paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing project of the author. The first results were presented in her PhD thesis previously.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>

Econometrics Model for China Urban Residents Income and Consumption Quantitative Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 271-273 ◽  
pp. 887-890
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Consumption Function ◽  
Consumer Spending

Based on the series research database statistics from Chinese Statistics Yearbook, data of rural population annual personal average disposable income and various consumer spending statistics( years from 1994 to 2009), established a single equation econometric model, estimated china rural population personal income and consumption function model by least square method, then analyze and compare and optimize it, that may estimate rural population disposable income according to this model, it has application value.

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