Where Ethical and Epistemic Demands Meet

Chapter 5 explores the idea that we face a dilemma with respect to stereotyping: that when stereotypes reflect social reality, people can either do what is best from an epistemic perspective, and allow the stereotypes to influence their judgements, or they can do what is best from an ethical perspective and avoid stereotyping. This chapter shows that although ethical and epistemic demands sometimes conflict in this way, sometimes they can both be met through stereotyping, and at other times they can both be met by not stereotyping. Rather than facing a relatively straightforward dilemma, we face a serious practical difficulty of discerning, in any specific context, whether the application of a stereotype will facilitate the achievement of either or both ethical and epistemic goals. The argument in this chapter is primarily focused on the case study of stereotyping in medicine but applies broadly to stereotyping across various social domains.

Scribe-Free Way for the Specially Abled to Write Exams

The specially-abled face a lot of issues when it comes to taking up exams. They require specific assistance for taking up their exams known as a scribe. However in today’s world finding a scribe is of great difficulty. Even if the scribe is found there are a lot of other practical difficulties while using a scribe to write exams. One such practical difficulty in using a scribe to write exams is that the scribe may not be aware of the technical terms used by the candidate. This causes loss of marks for the candidate if the scribe makes an error. The scribe should also have a legible handwriting which again is a problem. Our project aims at eliminating the need for a scribe and allowing the candidate itself to take up their exams by leveraging the latest technologies such as speech recognition and synthesis. This is achieved with the help of an android application, using which the questions can be stored in a database using administrator login. A separate candidate login is given. The question will be read out to the candidate and the answer will be taken as a voice response.

A Review of Secret Key Distribution Based on Bounded Observability

Secret key distribution is a technique for a sender and a receiver to share a secret key, which is not known by any eavesdropper, when they share no common secret information in advance. By using this technique, the sender and the receiver can transmit a message securely in the sense that the message remains secret from any eavesdropper. We introduced a secret key distribution based on the Bounded Observability (Muramatsu et al. 2010, 2013, 2015), which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the possibility of secret key distribution. This condition describes limits on the information obtained by observation of a random object, and models the practical difficulty of completely observing random physical phenomena.

Social Theory and Religion

Students of religious groups or activities are often pressed to provide an appropriate theoretical background for their work. The practical difficulty is that much social theory is actually philosophy with little empirical basis. This chapter considers the merits of four different sorts of social theory: normative theory that tells us what is good and bad; zeitgeist metaphors that capture the nature of modernity with some eye-catching word or phrase (for example, Baumann’s ‘liquid modernity’); agenda-setters (such as feminism or postcolonial theory) that want new questions asked in new ways; and sociological explanation grounded in reasonable extrapolations from empirical research. The drawbacks to the first three are identified as a way of advertising the virtues of the last type of theory.

Shastrabhyasa –A Research avenues in surgical aspects of Ayurveda

“Many of the surgical procedures explained in texts are primitive, raw and are having practical difficulty. Thus we need to update rediscovered aspects and find few new things in surgery in Ayurveda.” Sushrutha Samhitha gives detail knowledge about surgical aspects in Ayurveda, where Agropaharaneeya adhyaya of Sushrutha Samhitha Sutra Sthana is considered as gist for the surgical procedures. Surgical aspects of Ayurveda emphasizes on Trividha karma which includes pre and post operative measures along with main surgical procedures. Concept of Anesthesia, Antiseptics and Antibiotics, Disinfectants, Sterilization of operation theater, Ashtavidhashastrakarma, different kinds of suturing materials are explained in an effective manner. It also emphasizes on Ksharakarma, Agnikarma, Raktamokshana, Raktaskandanopayas, concept and management of Vrana, different kinds of instruments, Sandhana, Bandhana, Asthi-Sandhibhagna and its management and various other surgical aspects, regarding which many research’s based on literature, clinical and experimentation have been conducted and proved effective. For an instance, in case of Arshas and Bhagandara, Ksharakarma has been proved to give better results rather than mere surgery. In case of wound, research’s shows tremendous effects by Ayurvedic management. The types of Suture materials as absorbable/non absorbable and synthetic/natural which were been described are taken as base in contemporary science. Even though there are ample of research avenues in surgical aspect of Ayurveda few aspects which are challenging and where we are lagging are Pre and Post Operative procedures. Hence a literary work with experimentation and its clinical implementation is highly necessary.

Applied Language Typology

In this paper we introduce and outline a new research area, Applied Language Typology (ALT). ALT builds on fundamental typological findings in morphology, syntax and semantics. ALT examines the attested and potential practical consequences of these contrasts for different professional contexts of communication, such as translation, the law and second language learning and teaching. We propose three general organising principles that underlie ALT, illustrating how these principles enable us to identify exact points of language contrasts that result in significant practical difficulty, and we suggest future directions in ALT research for the benefit of academics and language practitioners.

About the Evidentiary Value of Video Recordings of Investigative Actions

Carrier of a video, made in the course of investigative actions, is an application to the report and, as a result, the video is devoid of evidentiary value. It also can’t be considered as evidence on grounds other document. The same applies to other means of fixing of a course and results of investigative actions, photographing, mapping, etc. Assuming this situation as abnormal, the author offers to reform the crimi- nal procedure law. It maybe bring about some potential practical difficulty. So, the procedural status of the applications to the report is unclear (or rather, unusual). Especially it concern to the electronic carriers of information, in particular contains large amounts of such information. The consequence of the proposed procedural novels, it would seem, will be the fact that all of this information immediately acquire the status of evidence. But it is not always justified. The article proposes to consider the situation by analogy with seizures of documents.