scholarly journals Pharmacovigilance in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e00163800
Author(s):  
María-Pilar Sánchez-de-Paz ◽  
Gustavo Da-Prat-de-Magalhaes ◽  
Santiago Isa ◽  
Victoria Aldinio ◽  
Andres Norberto-Latella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm ◽  
Parametric Statistics

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have a high impact on morbidity and mortality of the population, becoming a public health issue. Studying and publishing about these is referred as pharmacovigilance.Objective: To describe and compare the adverse reactions produced by drugs of nervous system action (CNS-D) and neurological ADRs produced by drugs of systemic action (Sys-D). To further develop the need of reporting adverse reactions. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study performed on a database of neurological consultations which took place at the Neurology department. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into two groups: Sys-D and CNS-D. Demographic and neurological variables were analyzed. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used according to distribution. The Naranjo Algorithm (NA) was used to define causality.Results: 71 ADRs were described, from which 63.38% (n=45) were produced by CNS-D, especially antiepileptics by 47% (n=21) and psycholeptics by 44%. Of the total, 36.62% (n=26) were caused by Sys-D, such as antineoplastics (n=9) and antibiotics (n=9), being Cefepime the most frequent. The diagnosis of ADRs caused by a Sys-D was delayed prolonging hospitalization (p 0.05) due to a lower NA score (p 0.003) compared to the CNS-D group.Conclusion: Multiple frequently used drugs of systemic action, such as antineoplastics and antibiotics, generate neurological adverse effects. From our analysis, it was presumed that the suspicion of a neurological ADR caused by these drugs was scarce, thus causing a higher morbidity for the patient.

Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patient with Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
AKM Farhad Hossain ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Sayada Fatema Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant disease in endocrine system. It is an emerging public health issue associated with burden on the family, community and the nation. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patient with thyroid cancer attending in tertiary hospital. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 246 thyroid cancer patients in two tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city from 01 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The subjects were selected purposively following specific selection criteria and maintaining ethical issues. Data were collected by face to face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed by the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 23. Results: This study revealed that majority (74.4%) of respondents was female, married (72%), housewife (61.4%), rural respondent (41.1%) and had primary education (69%). Mean (± SD) age of the respondent was 37.85(±12.20) years (Range 14-70 years) and mean (± SD) monthly family income was Tk. 17681(±10602). Out of 246 cases, 204 (82.9%) was papillary and 42 (17.1%) was follicular carcinoma. Various clinical presentations included visible neck swelling in 225 (91.5%), swollen lymph node in 103 (41.9%), pain 90 (36.6%), Difficulties in swallowing 87 (35.4%), Hoarseness of voice in 141 (57.3%), cough along with swelling 47(19.1%), Difficulties in breathing due to swelling in 13(5.3%) of the patients. Conclusion: Incidence of thyroid cancer has increased worldwide specially in female patients in 3rd and 4th decades of life. As thyroid cancer is a growing public health problem in Bangladesh, proper screening and early diagnostic facilities at all level should be available to measure its actual burden in the country. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 54-58

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions to Medications Prescribed for Alzheimer’s Disease in a Brazilian City: Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Regina Ferreira ◽  
Luciane Cruz Lopes ◽  
Cristiane de Càssia Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is lack of national studies that assess the risks associated with the drugs provided under the Brazilian public health system for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Then, this study determined the prevalence and severity of self-reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) prescribed to patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the Brazilian public health system.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on public data from the MEDEX system (information on dispensing data, known as exceptional dispensing medications) and interviews with patients and/or caregivers who get access to Alzheimer’s drugs at a public pharmacy in a large Brazilian city, between July and September 2017, inquiring about ADRs and serious adverse events (SAEs).Results: The subjects were asked about ADRs and SAEs related to the use of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine. Out of 285 patients enrolled on the database, 250 participated in the study (87.7%). Among the participants, approximately 63.0% were female, 70.3% aged ≥75 years and 70.3% had comorbidities. Overall, 209 patients (83.6%) reported at least one ADR (total 1,149 ADRs) and rivastigmine was associated with the largest number of ADRs per patient (7.9 ADRs/patient). The predominant adverse effects were psychiatric disorders with common frequency (57.1%) and mild severity (89.0%). Six patients (2.4%) had SAEs that required hospitalization. The use of antipsychotics was the variable associated with ADR (OR = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.45–16.93; p = 0.011).Conclusion: There was a large number of reported ADRs and most of them were of common frequency and mild severity, being mainly related to psychiatric disorders. Considering the fragility of these patients, it is important to improve safety-related care in the use of drugs for treating this disease.

scholarly journals Individual-, Household-, and Community-Level Determinants of Childhood Undernutrition in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233339281987655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriam Khanam ◽  
Shafiun N. Shimul ◽  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition

Introduction: Childhood undernutrition is a crucial public health problem globally. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of childhood undernutrition and assess the distinct role of various factors on childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Methods: This study utilized the latest cross-sectional data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A total of 7256 data on children younger than 5 years old were analyzed. The undernutrition status of children was assessed by stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height), and underweight (weight-for-age), while bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify various individual-, household-, and community-level factors of childhood undernutrition. Results: The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 36.5%, 14.6%, and 32.5%, respectively. Along with various individual- and household-level factors (eg, age, recent diarrheal disease, fever, number of under-5 children in the household, mother’s education and nutritional status, and wealth status), community index, particularly regional and geographic variation of community, had significant role for childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Childhood undernutrition is an overwhelming public health issue in Bangladesh. In order to improve the nutritional status of under-5 children, interventions should take into account the various predictors discussed in this study. Indeed, a joint effort by the government, nongovernmental organizations, and the community is necessary to improve the childhood nutritional status in Bangladesh.

A Survey of Food Allergen Control Practices in the U.S. Food Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN M. GENDEL ◽  
NAZLEEN KHAN ◽  
MONALI YAJNIK
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Food Allergen ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The U.S

Despite awareness of the importance of food allergy as a public health issue, recalls and adverse reactions linked to undeclared allergens in foods continue to occur with high frequency. To reduce the overall incidence of such problems and to ensure that food-allergic consumers have the information they need to prevent adverse reactions, it is important to understand which allergen control practices are currently used by the food industry. Therefore, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration carried out directed inspections of registered food facilities in 2010 to obtain a broader understanding of industry allergen control practices in the United States. The results of these inspections show that allergen awareness and the use of allergen controls have increased greatly in the last decade, but that small facilities lag in implementing allergen controls.

scholarly journals Occupational Eye Trauma: a major public health issue in Rabat, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y El Harrak ◽  
N Boutimzine ◽  
L O Cherkaoui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Eye Trauma ◽  
Consultation Time

Abstract Occupational eye trauma is a global cause of visual morbidity. According to the WHO, 55 million ocular lesions occur each year, and 1.6 million cases of total blindness caused by trauma. Although common in Morocco, these traumas have not been the subject of recent and targeted investigations. The objective of our work is to evaluate the frequency of occupational eye trauma per projectile, and to encourage the reinforcement of safety measures. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in the Ophthalmic Emergency Department, at the University Hospital of Rabat, Morocco, and including all patients who presented to the same doctor’s consultation, between December 2016 and December 2018. The study involved 914 patients, 406 women and 508 men, with an average age of 36. The average consultation time is 35 days after the onset of symptomatology. In 2 years, and out of 914 people, 382 (42%) are victims of ocular trauma; and 167 are victims of projectile eye trauma during professional practice, an overall prevalence of 18%, or 51% of all trauma. The average age was 32 years, 92% of males. The average consultation time was 2 days after the accident. In addition, 75% of consultants for occupational eye trauma have a similar history of trauma, 3 out of 4 people. As a consequence, the study shows that 85% of these patients had a superficial corneal foreign body; 11% presented with a corneal ulcer without individualization of a foreign body; while 4% of these had a corneal wound, an intraocular foreign body and posttraumatic retinal detachment. Therefore, eye trauma is a real public health problem. They account for 42% of consultations, half of which are associated with professional activities, mainly affecting young and active men. If they are benign in most cases, these traumas can nevertheless cause blindness in 4%. The high number of recidivism (75%) highlights the lack of awareness of the target population for better prevention. Key messages The results of this work prove that occupational ocular trauma, avoidable circumstances, are however frequent in our context and can cause severe lesions, with a reserved prognosis. Workplaces with a high risk of eye trauma should strengthen their protective measures and training programs should be put in place for both workers and occupational physicians.

scholarly journals A cross sectional survey of side effects of antiretroviral (ARV) in outpatients HIV by Naranjo Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Oki Nugraha Putra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Probable Category

Background: The main modality in HIV patients is the administration of long-treatment antiretroviral therapy (ARV). One of the problems from the use of ARV therapy is the side effects that can reduce patient compliance in taking medication, which has the potential to cause treatment failure. Objective: This study aims to examine the side effects and their causality in the use of ARVs in outpatient HIV patients at the VCT Clinic, Bhayangkara H.S. Hospital. Samsoeri Mertojoso Surabaya. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design. Side effect data were taken from HIV patients by interview using the Naranjo algorithm. HIV patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample using consecutive sampling. This research was conducted from January to March 2020. Results: There were 72 outpatient HIV patients who met the inclusion criteria. The most opportunistic infections found in HIV patients are tuberculosis and Pneumocystis pneumonia. The results showed that the most common side effects experienced by patients were dizziness (43%), nausea and vomiting (31%), and rash (11%) with the highest Naranjo score being in the probable category of 86%. The Naranjo score in HIV patients with opportunistic infections and with comorbidities was significantly smaller than those in HIV patients without opportunistic infections or without comorbidities with independent t-test (P <0.05). Conclusion: The side effects in HIV patients while undergoing treatment with antiretroviral therapy are classified as a minor side effect and the cause of the side effects that occur is thought to be due to the probable category of ARV therapy. Keywords: HIV Patients, Antiretroviral, Side Effects, Naranjo's Algorithm.

Anaemia in Ugandan preschool-aged children: the relative contribution of intestinal parasites and malaria

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN K. GREEN ◽  
JOSE C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO ◽  
MARIA-GLORIA BASÁÑEZ ◽  
MARTHA BETSON ◽  
NARCIS B. KABATEREINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

SUMMARYAnaemia is a severe public health issue among African preschool-aged children, yet little effective progress has been made towards its amelioration, in part due to difficulties in unravelling its complex, multifactorial aetiology. To determine the current anaemia situation and assess the relative contribution of malaria, intestinal schistosomiasis and infection with soil-transmitted helminths, two separate cross-sectional epidemiological surveys were carried out in Uganda including 573 and 455 preschool-aged children (⩽6 years) living along the shores of Lake Albert and on the islands in Lake Victoria, respectively. Anaemia was found to be a severe public health problem in Lake Albert, affecting 68·9% of children (ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) 64·9–72·7%), a statistically significant higher prevalence relative to the 27·3% detected in Lake Victoria (95% CI: 23·3–31·7%). After multivariate analysis (controlling for sex and age of the child), the only factor found to be significantly associated with increased odds of anaemia in both lake systems was malaria (Lake Albert, odds ratio (OR)=2·1, 95% CI: 1·4–3·2; Lake Victoria, OR=1·9, 95% CI: 1·2–2·9). Thus intervention strategies primarily focusing on very young children and combating malaria appear to represent the most appropriate use of human and financial resources for the prevention of anaemia in this age group and area. Looking to the future, these activities could be further emphasised within the National Child Health DaysPLUSagenda.

scholarly journals Global community perception of ‘surgical care’ as a public health issue: a cross sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Lubis ◽  
Meena Nathan Cherian ◽  
Chinmayee Venkatraman ◽  
Fiemu E. Nwariaku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
A Priority

Abstract Background In the last decade surgical care has been propelled into the public health domain with the establishment of a World Health Organisation (WHO) designated programme and key publications. The passing of the historic World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA) acknowledged surgical care as a vital component towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We conducted the first worldwide survey to explore the perception of surgical care as a public health issue. Method The anonymous, cross sectional survey targeted worldwide participants across a range of professional backgrounds, including non-medical using virtual snowball sampling method (in English) using Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) from 20th February 2019 to 25th June 2019. The survey questions were designed to gauge awareness on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UHC, WHO programmes and key publications on surgical care as well as perception of surgical care as a priority topic in public health. Results The survey was completed by 1954 respondents from 118 countries. Respondents were least aware of surgical care as a teaching topic in public health courses (27%; n = 526) and as a WHO programme (20%; n = 384). 82% of respondents were aware of UHC (n = 1599) and of this 72% (n = 1152) agreed that surgical care fits within UHC. While 77% (n = 1495) of respondents were aware of SDGs, only 19% (n = 370) agreed that surgery was a priority to meet SDGs. 48% (n = 941) rated surgical care as a cost-effective component of Primary Health Care. 88% (n = 1712) respondents had not read the WHA Resolution on ‘Strengthening emergency and essential surgical care and anaesthesia as a component of UHC’. Conclusion There is still a widespread gap in awareness on the importance of surgical care as a public health issue amongst our respondents. Surgical care was not seen as a priority to reach the SDGs, less visible as a WHO programme and not perceived as an important topic for public health courses.

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions related to potential serious drug interactions in patients with cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália da Palma Sobrinho ◽  
Juliana Faria Campos ◽  
Rafael Celestino da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Naranjo Algorithm

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the occurrence of adverse drug reactions associated with potential serious drug interactions identified in prescriptions of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Method: A documentary, quantitative, and cross-sectional research study. Between August and September 2016, ninety-nine prescriptions of patients hospitalized for more than 48 hours in the cardiology ward of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. Drug interactions were evaluated by Micromedex®, and adverse events were identified through trackers and analyzed by specialists using the Naranjo Algorithm, by means of descriptive statistics. Results: Eighteen potential serious interactions were detected in 22 drug pairs, mainly simvastatin x anlodipine (18%) and enoxaparin x clopidogrel (18%). Of the 18 medical records investigated, four trackers were found and three probable adverse events (16.6%) were defined due to hemorrhagic changes in patients. Conclusion: Drug interactions are likely to cause harm to the patient, which requires implementing barriers for the safety of the medication system.

scholarly journals Car Driving Status and Living Arrangement Associated with Sarcopenia among Rural Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Hamano ◽  
Takafumi Abe ◽  
Ryo Miyazaki ◽  
Kenta Okuyama ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Car Driving

Ensuring mobility after driving cessation is an important public health issue to prevent functional limitations, but this issue is still not fully understood in rural settings. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that being a non-driver and living alone is associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia among the community-dwelling elderly in rural Japanese areas. This study was conducted in 2018 and data from 738 participants were used. Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring walking speed, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle mass. Car driving status and living arrangement were collected using self-reported questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Four groups were set to determine combined conditions of car driving status and living arrangement. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval of sarcopenia after adjustment for confounding factors. Compared with the reference group (driver and living with others), the OR of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the non-driver and living alone group (OR = 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–4.80). Our findings suggest that the consideration of both driving status and living arrangement are important in the formulation of public health strategies to prevent sarcopenia in rural Japanese areas.

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