scholarly journals The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the fight against diseases of grain sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 (09) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Marina Kincharova ◽  
Evgeniy Matvienko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
Sowing Seed

Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the composition of pathogenic mycoflora on seeds of grain sorghum in the Samara region and to study the effectiveness of dressing agents against pathogens in laboratory conditions. Research methodology and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of innovative technologies in breeding, seed production and seed science of the Volga NIISS, a branch of the SamSC RAS. The objects of research were two varieties of grain sorghum Ros’ and Kinel’skoe 63. Determination of the population of seeds by pathogenic organisms was carried out by the method of a wet chamber with their preliminary placement on corrugated filter paper in boxes with natural ventilation using the technique according to GOST 12044-93 and subsequent microscopy. To study the effect of plant protection chemicals, the seeds were treated with moisture (at the rate of 10 l/tons) with preparations of contact-systemic action Celeste Maks and Vitaros; contact – TMTD and Maksim; and systemic action - Armor. Untreated seeds were used as a control. The repetition is fourfold. Results. Correct diagnosis and knowledge of the causes of the onset of the disease, the peculiarities of the development of a particular pathogen will be the basis for the successful implementation of protective and preventive measures. Phytopathological examination of grain sorghum seeds, carried out by us in 2019–2020, shows that the most common fungi found on grain sorghum seeds are Cladosporium sp., Trichothecium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. It has been established that dressing agents with varying efficiency – from 75.8 to 97.6 % reduce the contamination of seed material. Scientific novelty. A phytopathological assessment of grain sorghum seeds was carried out in relation to the conditions of the Samara region and the most effective preparations for pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum were determined to reduce the damage to plants by diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
S. V. Burlakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

scholarly journals Pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the extremely high frequencies electromagnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
V.V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Sowing Seed

The increase in the yield capacity of cereal spike crops under the current change of the climatic conditions in Ukraine will have a positive tendency in the nearest future. However, sustainable grain production under sharp weather fluctuations is possible only with the agro-technological systems' improvement. The pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical synthesis pesticides remains the primary method in the agricultural industry today. However, pesticides inevitably have a negative influence on the ecosystem of any level. A more environmentally friendly seed treatment method under the intensive technology is the combination of microwave seed irradiation and seed incrustation with the plant growth regulators that increase the cereal crops' yield capacity up to 15–20 %. It is possible to reduce the negative influence of chemical measures on the quality of the cereal crops seeds by using for the seed treatment a mixture of a treatment agent with the preparations having the stimulating properties. The most promising among all physical methods of the pre-sowing seed treatment is the microwave technology, which suppresses the entire complex of the seed infection and can become an alternative to the chemical method of plant protection. The universal character and practical importance of MW technologies combined with the growth-regulating substances consist not only in the increase in the yield capacity of the field crops but also in reducing the technogenic load on the environment. The peculiarity of EMF of EHF application in agricultural production is the necessity to consider the crops' specific electro-physical, technological, and biological properties. High heterogeneity greatly influences the electromagnetic action energy and the final result.

scholarly journals SECONDARY METABOLITES OF HIGHER PLANTS AS GROWTH REGULATORS FOR ONIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Borovskaia ◽  
N. A. Mashcenсo ◽  
A. V. Gumaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
The Impact

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.

scholarly journals Effect of different nanoscale microelements containing formulations for seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Đào Trọng Hiền
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Germination And Growth

Effect of the nutrient formulations for pre-sowing seed treatment on germination and growth of maize seedlings was studied. The formulations comprised separate copper nanoparticles (NanoCu), IET1- based on a Novalon Seed Treatment product, IET2 - based on humate metal-organic-coordination complexes (MOC), Nualgi – based on nano silica, wherein microelements were adsorbed on the surface of the silica nanoparticles, and formulations with microelements in a form of Metal-EDTA complexes, based on commercial fertilizer products of Novalon, Wuxal and Comex companies. Results of the study showed that all the tested formulations, except for the separate nanocopper formulation, demonstrated visibly higher stimulation effects on the maize seedlings growth, among which the nanoscale microelements-containing seeds treatment formulations produced in Institute of Environmental Technology (IET1 and IET2) exhibited the best growth indices although non-significantly differed as compared with the control. The experimental data presented also proved that for obtaining stable stimulation effects on the plant growth kinetics instead of using separate nanosized microelement it is preferable to use complex formulations, wherein besides of microelements there are other components included such as plant regulators, amino- and carboxylic acids, plant protection agents etc.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Influence of pre-sowing seed treatment on frost- and winter resistance of winter wheat after various predecessors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
◽  
S.K. Gruzinov ◽  
I.O. Kobos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed

scholarly journals Early determination of case fatality rate of COVID-19 pandemic during the ongoing Yemeni armed conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdulla Salem Bin Ghouth ◽  
Ali Ahmed Al-Waleedi ◽  
Marhami Fahriani ◽  
Firzan Nainu ◽  
Harapan Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Objectives: To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its associated determinants in order to understand the true magnitude of the problem during ongoing conflict in Yemen. Methods: The CFR among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Yemen was calculated. The data was retrieved from national COVID-19 surveillance between April 10, when the first COVID-19 case reported, and May 31, 2020. Results: A total of 419 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported. There were 14.1% and 5.7% of cases who required intensive care and mechanical ventilators, respectively. Out of total cases, 95 deaths were reported, giving CFR of 22.6% which is much higher compared to other countries. CFR was significantly higher among elderly compared to young adults and varied between governorates. Mortality was associated with preexisting hypertension (OR: 2.30; 95%CI: 1.58, 3.54) and diabetes (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.08, 2.61). Conclusions: Elderly and those with comorbidities, in particular hypertension and diabetes, have higher risk for poor outcomes and therefore should receive more attention in the clinical setting. Preventive measures should also be prioritized to protect those groups in order to reduce the severe cases and deaths-associated COVID-19 in armed-conflict.

Economic Analysis of Production of Maize in Meghalaya and Constraints Associated with it

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipriya R. Lyngkhoi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Maize Cultivation

The present study was undertaken to estimate the costs and returns structure of maize cultivation and identifying the prominent production constraints in West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya. A sample of 60 farmers was randomly drawn from six villages of Mawthadraishan and Nongstoin block of the selected district. The costs and returns per hectare were calculated on the basis of cost concepts and Garett ranking method was used for employed for determination of constraints in maize production. The overall cost of cultivation was found to be ` 37185.22 per ha and the major cost components were manures (48.25%) and human labour (34.73%). The overall net return was evaluated at ` 19038.20 with small, medium and large farmers having similar returns with the exception of marginal farmers gaining a net return of only ` 13889.83 which was 27.04 per cent lower than the average return among the sample farmers. It may be attributed to their heavy dependence on labour and lack of investment on irrigation, plant protection and better-quality seeds. The realised average yield was found to be 23.65 q/ha which was abysmally low compared to other maize producing states of India. A positive trend between the return over cost ratio and the operational holding was observed with an average of 1.51. The prominent constraints as perceived by the farmers were unfavorable weather conditions, the incidence of pests and diseases and costly fertilizers and manures with the Garrett’s score of 64.70, 62.75 and 54.40 respectively

Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

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