Elements of the methodology of teaching vector graphics based on the free graphic editor LibreOffice Draw at the level of basic general education

The article presents the methodology for teaching the theme "Creation and editing of vector graphic information" in basic school, which can be implemented both in full-time education and using distance learning technologies. The methodology is based on the use of the free vector graphic editor LibreOffice Draw and has been tested over several years in teaching vector computer graphics in the seventh grade in informatics course in full-time, as well as in a distance learning format in 2020. The authors substantiate the need to develop universal methods of teaching information technologies that are insensitive to the form of education (full-time or using distance educational technologies) based on the use of free software. Some principles of constructing a methodology for teaching vector graphics based on the new Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education are formulated. As the basic operating system used by the teacher, the domestic free operating system "Alt Education 9" is proposed. The article substantiates the choice of the graphic editor LibreOffice Draw as the optimal software tool to support teaching vector graphics in elementary school, formulates the criteria for choosing LibreOffice Draw as a basic tool for studying computer graphics in grades 6–9 for the implementation of distance learning. A universal scheme for the implementation of a distance lesson in teaching information technology based on the use of free cross-platform software, in particular, teaching vector graphics, is proposed.

Evaluating Scalable Vector Graphics for Software Visualisation

<p>Software visualisation employs various representations of software to help programmersbetter understand program code. However, there are many technologiesthat can be used to deliver software visualisations. These different software visualisationmedia have varying capabilities, and determining which medium isbest suited for a particular software visualisation application can be a complextask. To this end, this thesis presents a principled model for evaluating softwarevisualisation media. This model is then applied in the evaluation of the new“Scalable Vector Graphics” (SVG) standard, to determine if it is suited for use ina developing web-based software visualisation architecture. While the evaluationfinds that SVG can realise a broad range of software visualisations, it is clear thatit falls short in making the development of software visualisations as easy as itcould. This thesis presents a way forward for creating complex software visualisationswith SVG through the development of a domain-specific SVG library. Thefoundation for this library is illustrated and discussed.</p>

Evaluating Scalable Vector Graphics for Software Visualisation

<p>Software visualisation employs various representations of software to help programmersbetter understand program code. However, there are many technologiesthat can be used to deliver software visualisations. These different software visualisationmedia have varying capabilities, and determining which medium isbest suited for a particular software visualisation application can be a complextask. To this end, this thesis presents a principled model for evaluating softwarevisualisation media. This model is then applied in the evaluation of the new“Scalable Vector Graphics” (SVG) standard, to determine if it is suited for use ina developing web-based software visualisation architecture. While the evaluationfinds that SVG can realise a broad range of software visualisations, it is clear thatit falls short in making the development of software visualisations as easy as itcould. This thesis presents a way forward for creating complex software visualisationswith SVG through the development of a domain-specific SVG library. Thefoundation for this library is illustrated and discussed.</p>

Akurasi Presentasi Web dengan Animasi Scalable Vector Graphics: Studi Kasus Animasi Pembelajaran Komunikasi bagi Anak Autis

In recent years, the use of the Web to quickly and efficiently run behavioral and social experiments has grown in popularity. However, there are still revenue differences related to the use of the Web for animation and multimedia. The analysis and accuracy of the use of web technology have been widely studied to update evidence on the accuracy and precession of presenting animation using the Web, as well as expanding research related to accuracy and precision in the presentation of multimedia and animation based on HTML5 technology, especially the use of scalable vector graphics (SVG). Presentation of visual content using web technology can be accepted with increasing accuracy and precision, although this technology needs consideration in some cases in its use. Accuracy and precision using CSS technology which is part of HTML, are the best alternatives for animation. The animation interval is above 50 milliseconds based on test results, while testing using SVG also shows results that are not much different from using CSS in animation. The performance of procedural web technology with HTML5 standards (CSS, SVG, and WebGL) is not much different from the analyzed web technology, with an average missed frame between 0.06 and 1.50 with a standard deviation between 0.252 and 1.055. This technology is becoming the standard and has a promising future, making its use more advisable than other technologies on the decline.

Color2Hatch: conversion of color to hatching for low-cost printing

In this paper, we propose Color2Hatch, a decolorization method for business/presentation graphics. In Color2Hatch, each region represented as a closed path and uniformly colored in scalable vector graphics (SVG) is converted to a region hatched in black and white. From the characteristics of business graphics, the hatching patterns are designed to represent mainly the hue in the region; additionally, lightness and saturation can also be reflected. To discriminate subtle differences between colors, attached short line segments, zigzag lines, and wave lines are used in hatching by analogy to a clock. Compared with the existing decolorization methods, for example, grayscale conversion and texturing, our method is superior in the discrimination of regions, suitable for low-cost black and white printing that meets real-world needs.

Extracting Semantic Information from Graphic Schemes

The problem of extracting semantic information from an electronic document specified in the vector graphics format and containing a graphic model (diagram) built using a graphic editor is considered. The problem is to program retrieving certain structural properties and parametric circuit and entering them into a database for later use. Based on the analysis of the capabilities of graphic editors, a conclusion has made about the relevance of this task for universal editors that are not tied to specific graphic notations and use open graphic document formats, which allows program processing. The proposed approach considers graphic documents at three levels of abstraction: conceptual (semantic properties of a schema), logical (presentation of semantic properties at the internal level of the document) and physical (internal organization of a graphic document). The solution to the problem is based on the construction of a conceptual-logical mapping, i.e., mapping a conceptual model of a circuit to a logical model of a graphic document, according to its physical model. Within the framework of the approach, an algorithm for constructing the indicated mapping is developed, presented in the form of an object-oriented pseudocode. The study of internal markup in open graphic formats made it possible to build models for identifying circuit elements and their connections to each other, which is necessary for a specific application of the algorithm. Expressions for addressing schema elements and accessing their properties are obtained. The proposed approach is implemented on the base of a situation-oriented paradigm, within which the extraction process is driven by a hierarchical situational model. The processed data is specified in the situational model in the form of virtual documents displayed on heterogeneous external data sources. For the problem being solved, we consider the mapping to two variants of vector graphics formats: to a "flat" markup file and to a set of such files in an electronic archive. The practical use of the results is illustrated by the example of extracting semantic information from graphical models developed at various stages of database design.

Steganographic methods in vector graphics

Various steganographic techniques are used to hide information. Usually, information is hidden in images, audio and video files, text documents, and the like. The article deals with vector images consisting of various mathematical objects (points, lines, curves of the first and second order, Bezier curves, nodes, tangents, base points, etc.). Information hiding techniques alter these mathematical objects, for example, by encoding the coordinates of the base points. The most successful for carrying out steganographic transformations is the SVG vector graphics format, which, due to its structure, makes it easy to manipulate the objects of which it consists. Its broad support across platforms also allows for increased secrecy when transferring sensitive data by sending seemingly ordinary media files. The article discusses two methods (bitwise and the method of patterns) of hiding information in vector images, studied their features, advantages and disadvantages. Various affine transformations that can be used to disrupt the operation of the steganosystem were also investigated. The most common types of affine transformations are the operations of transfer, rotation, shift and scaling with possible variations (offsets along the abscissa and ordinate axes, proportional and non-proportional scaling, with compression and expansion). Most of the methods for embedding information into vector images provide a one-time resistance to affine transformations, while the repeated imposition of operations for changing the position of objects may destroy the message altogether. The methods investigated in the work (bitwise and the method of patterns) implement a higher level of resistance to various kinds of transformations when they are repeated many times, and the conducted experiments clearly demonstrate this. The results obtained show that vector images can indeed be used to hide information, but the resistance against certain affine attacks is not always high.

CREATING METHODOLOGY OF AN ART OBJECT USING SOFTWARE PACKAGES

Vector graphics and 3D modeling have opened up a wide range of perspectives for designers to create various art objects. The use of computer graphics greatly simplified the process of sketch creating, as it provided the ability to change, add colors, and edit entire groups of objects. 3D modeling made it possible to recreate products, taking into account the smallest details in a virtual environment, compose an interior, and perform animation of various processes. The research object is the computer programs Corel Draw and 3D max and their importance for the methodology of development and creation of art objects. As a result of the study, it was found that vector graphics and 3D modeling programs not only made it easier for designers to create art objects, but also made it possible to improve the level of design by changing the usual perception. According to the authors, software products influenced the development of design, which made it possible to create any objects in a virtual environment.