The Influence E-Learning Platforms of Undergraduate Education in Iraq

continue learning. Technology has become not only an activity but also a fundamental tool. Moreover, technology becomes the core media that allows education to happen. In Iraq Blended Learning used to overcome the pandemic and counting education Therefore, the use of computers and digital applications became part of daily life and for long hours. Therefore, properly designed digital educational activities linked to social media have become a powerful educational tool aimed at finding ways of effective learning. The use of interactive activities contributed to the growth of self-learning motivation and the building of a healthy mind capable of finding a way out for the advancement of educational reality when crises occurred. It has become impossible to do without mobile devices, because of the attractive features they have and the multiple advantages they provide in teaching mathematical, medical, and engineering sciences in universities of our study relied on comparing the most important educational platforms with the best operation for managing virtual classes and the auxiliary tools they contain, including adding materials, assignments, tests, and electronic attendance records with archiving classes and migrating students to the advanced stages, as it relied on the electronic administration mechanism. All of these procedures take place through the availability of the Internet.

The Reality of Using Electronic Management From the Point of View of Basic School Principals in Deir Alla Directorate - Jordan in light of the Corona pandemic: واقع استخدام الإدارة الإلكترونية من وجهة نظر مديري المدارس الأساسية بمديرية ديرعلا – الأردن في ظل جائحة كورونا

This study aimed to identify the reality of using electronic management from the point of view of school principals of basic stage in Deir Alla Directorate – Jordan in light of the Corona Pandemic. The study used the descriptive and analytical method; the study sample consisted of (36) principals in the basic schools of Deir alla ; (100%) of the study population. To achieve the objectives of the study we used the questionnaire to measure the degree of the reality of the use of electronic management, the findings of the study were: the reality of the use of electronic management on a total average (4.10 out of 5), a high degree (high), and at the level of fields The field of training and qualification of school staff got the highest average (4.17), and the readiness of infrastructure and medium equipment (4.10) and thirdly: the role of the school principal in supporting electronic administration, with an average of (4.06) and the practice of basic school principals for strategic planning; Average (4.03) and all are rated (High), and The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the use of electronic management In light of the corona pandemic, from the point of view of basic school principals in Deir Alla the Directorate of Education due to the variable of (gender, educational qualification and experience), while the results revealed the existence of a difference according to the variable of job experience for 10 years and more, The study recommended the necessity of holding courses and seminars for school principals and organizing scientific meetings to enlighten them about contemporary issues related to laws and instructions with electronic administration, and on the mechanism of their implementation and planning, and to provide incentives for principals and administrators to encourage them to deal with e- learning and follow up teachers and students.

El papel del archivero en la gestión del riesgo asociada a la gestión de documentos

La gestión de riesgos apareció a mediados del siglo XX dentro de las empresas privadas. No obstante, la relación de la gestión del riesgo con la gestión documental es relativamente reciente y la mayoría del conocimiento se concentra en las normativas internacionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar la metodología de gestión de riesgos asociados con la gestión de documentos en el proceso de implantación de la Administración Electrónica en el Gobierno de Aragón. Se concluye con la necesidad de integrar las materias de gestión de riesgos y de gestión documental en el proceso de implantación de la administración electrónica. Risk management appeared in the mid-20th century within private companies. Nevertheless, the relationship between risk management and records management is relatively recent and most of the knowledge is concentrated in international regulations. The aim of this study is to apply risk management methodology to records management in the process of implementation of electronic Administration in the Government of Aragon. It is concluded the need to integrate the subjects of risk management and document management in the process of implementation of electronic administration.

Artificial Intelligence Risks and Challenges in the Spanish Public Administration: An Exploratory Analysis through Expert Judgements

The expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration is generating numerous opportunities for governments. Current Spanish regulations have established electronic administration and support the expansion and implementation of this new technology, but they may not be adapted to the legal needs caused by AI. Consequently, this research aims to identify the risks associated with AI uses in Spanish public administration and if the legal mechanisms can solve them. We answer these questions by employing a qualitative research approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with several experts in the matter. Despite the benefits that this technology may involve, throughout this research we can confirm that the use of artificial intelligence can generate several problems such as opacity, legal uncertainty, biases, or breaches of personal data protection. The mechanisms already provided by Spanish law are not enough to avoid these risks as they have not been designed to face the use of artificial intelligence in public administration. In addition, a homogeneous legal definition of AI needs to be established.

Foreldre underrapporterer om konflikter og utfordringer i forkant av mekling. En evaluering av familievernets differensieringsverktøy

Background: In 2016, the Norwegian family counselling service implemented differentiated mediation to give cumstomized help. The differentiation tool (i.e., questionnaire) has never been evaluated. Method: Using a sample of 761 parents, we compared parent responses given over the phone to the family counselling service and anonymously to an electronic version of the questionnaire. Results: One-third of the parents underreported their challenges to the family counselling service, and only 15% of parents who, in the electronic questionnaire reported substanse abuse or violence in the relationship, revealed this to the service. Underreporters had higher interparental conflict and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Parents who underreported problems with substanse abuse and violence had more physically violent conflicts. Conclusions: There is a need to improve the validity of the differentiation tool. We suggest that parents need information and a safe environment when completing the questionnaire. Electronic administration of the questionnaire may serve this purpose. Keywords: parental mediation, differentiated mediation, parental conflict, partner violence

Strategic Development of Control Systems of Modern Situation Centers

Introduction. A complex system of distributed situational centers is one of the main vectors of the transformation of public administration in Russia. Each region needs additional infrastructure to develop a promising mechanism of multifunctional tools for effective electronic administration and management of socio-economic processes within public and private partnerships. The versatility and exclusivity of this mechanism lie in its large-scale capabilities, which make it possible to engage the most important spheres of the state’s life in detailed monitoring, analysis, forecasting, and strategizing. Study objects and methods. The research featured the management systems of situational centers, which aim at developing public administration and regulation by increasing the speed of decision-making. The study involved such standard methods as economic analysis, classification, expert assessment, deduction, etc. Results and discussion. The results can serve as a theoretical basis for modifying the existing and planned situational centers in Russia, especially those that will form an integral part of the system of distributed situational centers. Taking into account the rapid development of new public administration instruments, it is necessary to bridge the gap between Russia and other countries. Conclusion. Modern realities dictate new approaches in the field of public administration and regulation. That is why the development of situational centers is a strategically important area for creating a centralized system for managing the country. Improving the functionality of such centers will lead to a qualitative improvement in the entire structure of the state apparatus.

Evaluering av familievernets differensieringsverktøy_preprint v1

In 2016, the Norwegian family counselling service implemented differentiated mediation to give cumstomized help. The differentiation tool (i.e., questionnaire) has never been evaluated.In a sample of 761 parents, we compared parent responses given over the phone to the service and anonymously to an electronic version of the questionnaire. One third of the parents underreported their challenges to the family counselling service, and only 15% of parents who in the electronic questionnaire reported substanse abuse or violence in the relationship, revealed this to the service. Underreporters had higher relationship conflict and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Parents who underreported about problems with substanse abuse and violence had more physically violent conflicts. In conclusion, there is a need to improve the validity of the differentiation tool. We suggest that parents need more information and a safer environment when completing the questionnaire. The electronic administration may serve this purpose.

The reality of the application of electronic management in government secondary schools in the Kasbah of Mafraq from the viewpoint of teachers: واقع تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في قصبة المفرق من وجهة نظر المعلمين – الأردن

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying electronic management in secondary public schools in the Qasaba of Mafraq from the teachers' point of view. It also aimed to identify the differences between the arithmetic averages of the study sample according to the difference and the extent of the influence of the variables (gender, specialization and years of experience). On the sample answers, the study used the descriptive survey method, and the tool consisted of (a questionnaire) consisting of (27) items distributed on three axes. It was distributed on a simple random sample consisting of (180) male and female teachers in secondary schools in Qasbah Al Mafraq. The study found that the reality of electronic administration in secondary public schools in Kasbah Al Mafraq obtained an overall average (2.76), i.e. a medium degree. At the level of the axes, the electronic culture axis got the highest level, with an average of (2.97), It is followed by the axis of infrastructure and technical equipment with an average of (2.79), Finally, the electronic skills axis has an average of (2.52), and all of them have a grade of (medium). The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences on all axes due to the gender variable and in favor of females. And the presence of differences statistically significant for the variable of specializations and came in favor of humanity, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of experience. Among the most important recommendations of the study were the provision of technical training programs, and the holding of courses to support teachers' skills.

Benchmarking experience to improve paediatric healthcare: listening to the voices of families from two European Children’s University Hospitals

Background Patient Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are recognized as an important indicator of high quality care and person-centeredness. PREMs are increasingly adopted for paediatric care, but there is little published evidence on how to administer, collect, and report paediatric PREMs at scale. Methods This paper describes the development of a PREMs questionnaire and administration system for the Meyer Children’s University Hospital in Florence (Meyer) and the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Riga (CCUH). The system continuously recruits participants into the electronic administration model, with surveys completed by caregivers or adolescents at their convenience, post-discharge. We analyse 1661 responses from Meyer and 6585 from CCUH, collected from 1st December 2018 to 21st January 2020. Quantitative and qualitative experience analyses are included, using Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests and narrative evidence from free text responses. Results The large populations reached in both countries suggest the continuous, digital collection of paediatric PREMs described is feasible for collecting paediatric PREMs at scale. Overall response rates were 59% in Meyer and 45% in CCUH. There was very low variation in mean scores between the hospitals, with greater clustering of Likert scores around the mean in CCUH and a wider spread in Meyer for a number of items. The significant majority of responses represent the carers’ point of view or the perspective of children and adolescents expressed through proxy reporting by carers. Conclusions Very similar reported scores may reflect broadly shared preferences among children, adolescents and carers in the two countries, and the ability of both hospitals in this study to meet their expectations. The model has several interesting features: inclusion of a narrative element; electronic administration and completion after discharge from hospital, with high completion rates and easy data management; access for staff and researchers through an online platform, with real time analysis and visualization; dual implementation in two sites in different settings, with comparison and shared learning. These bring new opportunities for the utilization of PREMs for more person-centered and better quality care, although further research is needed in order to access direct reporting by children and adolescents.