Your phone ruins our lunch: Attitudes, norms, and valuing the interaction predict phone use and phubbing in dyadic social interactions

Phubbing—ignoring another person in order to use a smartphone instead—is an increasingly common behavior that disrupts interactions and harms relationships. Using the frameworks of the theory of planned behavior and an interaction value approach, we examined the driving factors of phubbing frequency. Four preregistered predictors were tested: attitudes toward phubbing, subjective norms of phubbing, interaction value, that is, the extent of valuing a social interaction, and the perceived interaction value of the partner. After having had lunch together, a total of 128 participants in 64 dyads filled out a survey assessing the four predictors. Dyadic linear mixed model analyses confirmed that a more positive attitude toward phubbing increases phubbing, as well as being phubbed. Moreover, we disentangled screen-sharing time (i.e., using a phone together), phone use, co-present phone use (i.e., using a phone alone), and phubbing: we found that valuing the social interaction more decreased phone use, but not phubbing, and holding more accepting subjective norms on phubbing increased co-present phone use, but not phone use in general. We further found that the person that used their phone first, phubbed more. Overall, this research extends our understanding of the factors driving phubbing and may be fruitfully harnessed to reduce phubbing.

Partial islands and subregion complexity in geometric secret-sharing model

We compute the holographic subregion complexity of a radiation subsystem in a geometric secret-sharing model of Hawking radiation in the “complexity = volume” proposal. The model is constructed using multiboundary wormhole geometries in AdS3. The entanglement curve for secret-sharing captures a crossover between two minimal curves in the geometry apart from the usual eternal Page curve present for the complete radiation entanglement. We compute the complexity dual to the secret-sharing minimal surfaces and study their “time” evolution. When we have access to a small part of the radiation, the complexity shows a jump at the secret-sharing time larger than the Page time. Moreover, the minimal surfaces do not have access to the entire island region for this particular case. They can only access it partially. We describe this inaccessibility in the context of “classical” Markov recovery.

Addressing Student Isolation During the Pandemic: An Inquiry into Renewing Relationships and Reimagining Classroom Communities on Remote Instruction Platforms

We began this pandemic cycle of inquiry by acknowledging that we all viewed relationships with our students as foundational to the teaching and learning process (i.e., Elmore, 2004; Fullan, 2007; Noddings, 2014; Rimm-Kaufman, et al., 2014). While we had well-established strategies for creating caring classroom communities in our face-to-face classrooms prior to the pandemic, we were all searching for new online strategies for keeping relationships vital when faced with the abrupt transition to remote instruction and the isolating effects of the Spring 2020 lockdown, both for ourselves and for our students. Hence, we committed to documenting and sharing with one another, the innovative strategies we were employing across our elementary and secondary school contexts. Through the use of informal sharing time and Zoom breakout rooms, we were able to connect personally with our students and to revitalize teacher-to-student and student-to-student relationships in our virtual classroom space.

Time, being, discourse: Elements of professional friendship in the collaboration between a costume designer and a choreographer

This article examines joint creation in contemporary performance making by analysing the collaboration between two prominent Finnish artists – costume designer Karoliina Koiso-Kanttila and choreographer Carl Knif. Using personal interviews along with performance analysis framed in relation to the Aristotelian term ‘friendship’ as components of this case study, the author draws conclusions from the process of a solo performance and its costume that foregrounds elements of friendship: sharing time, being and discourse. Viewing this relational understanding between parties as an asset, this study introduces elements of a positive approach and tools to achieve such in the making of dance performance.

EXPLORING SHARING TIME INTEGRATION IN EFL CLASSROOM FOR YOUNG LEARNERS

There are still many schools in Indonesia that use the one-way communication learning system. It made students feel bored and monitored. Therefore teachers need a pleasant learning atmosphere and a learning system that can build interactive relationships between teachers and students. One of them is by doing sharing time activities in the learning process. This research is conducted to determine the purpose, benefits, and scope of sharing time using a quantitative descriptive approach—the data collected by conducting informal observations and interviews. Validity and reliability observed several times. The technique used to analyze is Miles and Huberman's model. From this study, it was found that the purpose of sharing time is to see the students' understanding of a topic, and to practice the ability of students speaking in front of the audience. Benefits for students, (1) Trained to express ideas or experiences. (2) Improve student vocabulary. (3) Learn to compose correct sentences. Benefits for teachers, (1) Build communication between teachers and students. (2) Make the teacher able to know the abilities of the students. (3) The teacher gets exciting ideas from students. (4) Helping teachers to have a closer relationship with students. Constraints (1). Topics that are not yet familiar make students hesitate. (2). Limited Time

Multitasking behaviors and provider outcomes in emergency department physicians: two consecutive, observational and multi-source studies

Background Multitasking is a key skill for emergency department (ED) providers. Yet, potentially beneficial or debilitating effects for provider functioning and cognition are underexplored. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of multitasking for ED physicians’ work stress and situation awareness (SA). Methods Two consecutive, multi-source studies utilizing standardized expert observations in combination with physicians’ self-reports on stress and SA were set out in an academic ED. To control for ED workload, measures of patient acuity, patient counts, and ED staff on duty were included. Regression analyses estimated associations between observed proportion of time spent in multitasking with matched ED physicians’ reports on stress (study 1) and SA (study 2). Results ED physicians engaged between 18.7% (study 1) and 13.0% (study 2) of their worktime in multitasking. Self-reported as well as expert-observed multitasking were significantly associated. This confirms the internal validity of our observational approach. After controlling for ED workload, we found that physicians who engaged more frequently in multitasking perceived higher work stress (Beta = .02, 95%CI .001–.03; p = .01). In study 2, ED physicians with more frequent multitasking behaviors reported higher SA (B = .08, 95%CI .02–.14; p = .009). Conclusions Multitasking is often unavoidable in ED care. Our findings suggest that ED physicians’ multitasking increases stress experiences, yet, may facilitate professional’s experiences of situation awareness. Our results warrant further investigation into potentially ambivalent effects of ED providers’ multitasking in effectively sharing time between competing demands while maintaining performance and safety.

Difference in Parent-Child Care Experience by Demographic Characteristics: Focusing on Stress, Needs, and Meaning

OBJECTIVE: In super aging society, unpaid caregivers play important roles. Therefore, they should be supported to realize the lives they want. However, it is unclear what caregivers’ particular needs are under different conditions. This study aimed to explore the difference in forms of stress and needs of caregivers by demographic characteristics. METHOD: Adult children who were caring for or had cared for their parents at home under the Japanese long-term care insurance system (n=653) completed the three open-ended questions concerning caregiving stress, unmet needs, and meaning, combined with a demographic survey. Data were analyzed using text mining approaches such as correspondence analysis and co-occurrence network analysis, which illustrated differences in description according to demographic variables. RESULT: 1) Caregivers of fathers felt stressed when rebuked by care-recipients, whereas daughter caregivers of mothers felt stressed in coping with care-recipient dementia and complaint, and balancing caregiving with parenting. 2) Caregivers in economic difficulty needed instrumental and financial support, whereas others needed flexible support and accessible consultation services. 3) Caregivers living with care-recipients found meaning in experience and repaying parents for raising them, whereas caregivers living away found meaning in improved parent-child relationships and images of care-recipients. Caregivers of persons with dementia found meanings in sharing time of tranquility with care-recipients. CONCLUSION: The study revealed differences in caregiving experience by care dyads, economic situation, living arrangement, and dementia etc. These results suggest that family caregivers should be provided with services to help find meanings in work and reduce stress levels, according to caregiving conditions.

Editorial

Five years ago, we published an issue marking the fortieth anniversary of the creation of the annual international student conference established by the Standing Conference of Jews, Christians and Muslims in Europe (JCM). Interfaith dialogue is one of the topics regularly addressed by this journal, reflecting a long-standing commitment to such programmes by Leo Baeck College. The aim of the conference from its inception was to invite future religious leaders within their respective faiths to meet one another while still students in the hope that this direct experience of sharing time together with the ‘other’ would influence their work in the communities that they would subsequently serve.