CATTLE HYPODERMATOSIS IN SOUTH TAJIKISTAN

The article presents data on the infestation of cattle by subcutaneous gadflies in the southern regions of Tajikistan. It has been established that two species of subcutaneous gadfly parasitize in cattle – Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. The prevalence of gadfly larva in cattle is 11.4–31.1% and the intensity of infection is 2–21 specimens, and Hypoderma lineatum larva is 4.6–11.3% and the intensity of infection is 5–15 specimens of connective tissue capsules per animal, respectively. Connective tissue capsules Hypoderma bovis in the back area of animals appeared in late January and early February, and Hypoderma lineatum in late December and early January. Development of larvae under the skin of animals lasted on average 50–55 days. The release of the Hypoderma lineatum larva was noted in the second and third decades of February, and the gadfly in mid-March. The flying of the Hypoderma lineatum imago is from mid-April to the second decade of June, and the gadfly from the second decade of May to early July at an optimal air temperature of 18–25°C. This is due to the fact that there are favorable natural and climatic conditions in these areas for the development of larvae in the pupation stage and a fairly dense population of animals (cattle) per a hectare of pasture.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

Ecological concept of parasitic system functioning in cattle hypodermatosis

It is shown that agents of hypodermatosis of cattle are: ordinary subcutaneous gadfly (string) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and South subcutaneous gadfly (pediatric) Hypoderma lineatumde Villers. The data on the ubiquitous prevalence of hypodermatosis in all agricultural zones of the Stavropol territory are presented. It was established that hypodermatosis in cattle is more often recorded in pasture than stall-walking rearing. The extent of invasion in animals kept in farms of different forms of ownership is 15.4-42.5 %, the intensity of invasion varies within 18.5-29.5 specimens/head. It is emphasized that the activity of skin gadflies in the biocenosis during the day and spring-summer period is regulated by environmental conditions. Populations gadflies in the Stavropol region demonstrated a certain species ratio of Hypoderma bovis (De Gee – 64.7%, Hypoderma lineatum DeVillers and 33.7%. The factors of population size regulation of H. bovis and H. Lineatum were studied.