Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

Improvement of preventive measures against anthrax and edemagenosis in reindeer husbandry

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Semen V. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
Evgenii S. Kazanovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Antiparasitic Agents

Common problems of reindeer husbandry are infectious and invasive diseases, of which anthrax and edemagenosis cause the greatest economic damage. The main method of prevention of these diseases is timely vaccination and treatment of animals with antiparasitic agents. However, it is difficult to carry out frequent veterinary manipulations in reindeer husbandry, which is due to the specifics of the industry. In order to reduce veterinary treatments against anthrax and edemagenosis, the possibility of using a mixture of aversectins with a vaccine strain of the causative agent of anthrax was evaluated. To do this, a medicinal composition was prepared, consisting of the aversectincontaining drug «Farmacin» and the anti-ulcer vaccine strain 55 VNIIVViM, by mixing 100 ml of an antiparasitic agent with 50 doses of the vaccine. The drug was administered to adult reindeer by intramuscular injection at the rate of 1.0 ml of the drug per 50 kg of body weight. Preventive treatment was carried out in September. 10 animals participating in the experiment were continuously monitored for 14 days, the main physiological parameters were determined and the dynamics of the morphobiochemical composition of blood was studied. During the experiment, it was found that the composition under study does not cause any pronounced local and general reaction of the body to its introduction, and the morphobiochemical composition of the blood with the expiration of time has no reliable transformations. Production tests carried out on 300 deer showed that the introduction of the drug provides 100% therapeutic and preventive effectiveness in edemagenosis and contributes to the formation of intense immunity against anthrax. Thus, the developed method of prevention of these diseases makes it possible to optimize veterinary manipulations in reindeer husbandry.

scholarly journals Blood Chemistry Value Assesment in Hypodermatosis of Cattle in the Chechen Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh V Vatsaev ◽  
A Z Dzhamalova ◽  
A M Plieva ◽  
Z T Baisarova ◽  
A A Saidulaev
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Infested Animal

This article is devoted to the problem of cattle hypodermatosis caused by Hypoderma bovis De Geer and Hypoderma lineatum De Villers hypoderma flies. The results of studies of blood chemistry value of cattle diseased with hypodermatosis in the Chechen Republic are revealed in the article. The examination of ten blood samples taken from cattle diseased with animals hypodermatosis showed an increase in the activity of creatinine parameters above normal by 60 % or more, a significant decrease in carotene indicators (within 50 % or more), a relative decrease in crude protein, a decrease in glucose levels, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and alanine-aminotransferase, reduction of the studied reserve alkalinity index vol. % CO2 from 2 to 5 units (12 %) is lower, in six samples an increase in the activity of immunoglobulin IgA. All this is connected with the complex of pathomorphological changes expressed in the mechanical impact – traumatization, intoxication and hypersusceptibility of the organism of the infested animal with the development of inflammatory and dystrophic manifestations associated with injuries of muscle cells and tissues, intoxication, and an acid-alkali balance of the body shift in the acidic side (acidosis), pathological liver abnormality or diseases, with the defeat of organs and body systems, edema in different parts of the body, defect of immunoreaction and homeostasis in the body. Information obtained from biochemical screen provide an opportunity to conduct a deeper assessment of homeostasis and the body’s ability to self-regulate, promptly and comprehensively diagnosing diseases, study the dynamics of the development of pathological processes and conditions in the body, determine the clinical course and justifiably prescribe a complex of effective household and medical-preventive activities aimed at reducing the economic damage to livestock [8, 10].

scholarly journals CATTLE HYPODERMATOSIS IN SOUTH TAJIKISTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Sodatkhonova ◽  
Khudoidodov ◽  
Razikov
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis

The article presents data on the infestation of cattle by subcutaneous gadflies in the southern regions of Tajikistan. It has been established that two species of subcutaneous gadfly parasitize in cattle – Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. The prevalence of gadfly larva in cattle is 11.4–31.1% and the intensity of infection is 2–21 specimens, and Hypoderma lineatum larva is 4.6–11.3% and the intensity of infection is 5–15 specimens of connective tissue capsules per animal, respectively. Connective tissue capsules Hypoderma bovis in the back area of animals appeared in late January and early February, and Hypoderma lineatum in late December and early January. Development of larvae under the skin of animals lasted on average 50–55 days. The release of the Hypoderma lineatum larva was noted in the second and third decades of February, and the gadfly in mid-March. The flying of the Hypoderma lineatum imago is from mid-April to the second decade of June, and the gadfly from the second decade of May to early July at an optimal air temperature of 18–25°C. This is due to the fact that there are favorable natural and climatic conditions in these areas for the development of larvae in the pupation stage and a fairly dense population of animals (cattle) per a hectare of pasture.

scholarly journals Ecological concept of parasitic system functioning in cattle hypodermatosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Petrovich Tolokonnikov ◽  
Vyacheslav Vyacheslavovich Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila Sergeevna Vikulova ◽  
Olga Dmitrievna Chepeleva ◽  
Victoria Sergeevna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Ecological Concept ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

It is shown that agents of hypodermatosis of cattle are: ordinary subcutaneous gadfly (string) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and South subcutaneous gadfly (pediatric) Hypoderma lineatumde Villers. The data on the ubiquitous prevalence of hypodermatosis in all agricultural zones of the Stavropol territory are presented. It was established that hypodermatosis in cattle is more often recorded in pasture than stall-walking rearing. The extent of invasion in animals kept in farms of different forms of ownership is 15.4-42.5 %, the intensity of invasion varies within 18.5-29.5 specimens/head.  It is emphasized that the activity of skin gadflies in the biocenosis during the day and spring-summer period is regulated by environmental conditions.   Populations gadflies in the Stavropol region demonstrated a certain species ratio of Hypoderma bovis (De Gee – 64.7%, Hypoderma lineatum DeVillers and 33.7%. The factors of population size regulation of H. bovis and H. Lineatum were studied.

scholarly journals Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Khawar Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hadeed Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

scholarly journals Host-parasite relationship during Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora: Epistylididae) infestation in farmed cichlid and pimelodid fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Benites de Pádua ◽  
Maurício Laterça Martins ◽  
Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão ◽  
Laura Utz ◽  
Fernando José Zara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Hemorrhagic Ulcer ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Portal Of Entry

Abstract: The objective of this work was to describe the host-Epistylis sp. relationship during infestation on farmed fish. Five Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and ten hybrid surubim catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans), all diseased, were used for in vivo morphological analysis of sessile peritrichs by contrast microscopy. Fragments of infected tissues were subjected to histological processing and scanning electron microscopy. Epistylis sp. caused hemorrhagic ulcer disease, and cichlids were more prone to develop infestations throughout the body surface due to the attachment of the colonies to the scales, which did not occur with pimelodids. Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis was observed, associated with the hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and to ulcerative areas of necrosis. Microscopic examination showed the presence of bacterial microflora associated to Epistylis sp. peduncles. Therefore, this species can be considered a portal of entry for opportunistic bacteria.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SEASONAL MANIFESTATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
K. M. Kurbonov ◽  
E. G. Simonova ◽  
N. N. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to study modern manifestations of seasonal brucellosis among the population of the Republic of Tajikistan. The materials and methods: of the study were the official statistics, as well as the results of previously performed studies on the risk assessment of the incidence in population. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of annual incidence rate for the period from 1997 to 2016 was conducted, depending on the most significant social and environmental risk factors. Results. The article shows the impact on the annual incidence rate of socio-economic transformations, including the privatization of collective livestock farms, accompanied by the massive movement of farm animals to private ownership, the loss of practice in animal breeding, and changes in environmental and climatic conditions. Against the background of the intensification of sheep breeding, there is a tendency in seasonality smoothing and shifting the maximum levels of population incidence of brucellosis to the spring season. Conclusion. The modern features of seasonal manifestation of brucellosis infection in the Republic of Tajikistan make it necessary to apply a differentiated approach to planning and conducting preventive measures in various areas of the country.

scholarly journals Role of Stress on Women’s Health: Causes and Prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Saleem ◽  
Shamsul Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intense Research

In recent years, stress has been the focus of intense research attention. Stress is a misfit between the demands of the environment and the individual’s abilities; the imbalance may be corrected, according to the situation, either by adjusting external demands to fit the individual or by strengthening the individual’s ability to cope or both. Everyone is exposed to stress, and a great number of people have experienced the traces of stress. Women are socialized to be the caretakers of others. More women than men have both a career outside the home and continue to try to juggle traditional responsibilities after hours. It has often been shown that women are the worriers and often do not make time to manage their health and take care of themselves. Stress is on the rise for women as they struggle to find a balance between their homes and careers. The recession has caused a greater need for women to work outside of the home to support their families. Health is a general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor; it will be reflected by good or poor health. A poor health affects our mind, as a stressed life affects our health. The struggle that women confront each days trying to achieve the standards of being a daughter, women, wife, mother, house, and/ or career keeper puts us in a vulnerable position of presenting stress effects that may affect our health. And there are some preventive measures to cope with stress such as meditation, yoga, quality time etc.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE STATUS OF THE BODY OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF 17-19 YEARS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE NORTH-EAST RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa V. Averyanova ◽  
S. I. Vdovenko ◽  
A. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Northeast Russia ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
The Impact

Natural and climatic conditions of the environment of Northeast Russia and particularly Magadan region are the very factor mostly influencing adaptive responses by individuals inhabiting the region. Compensatory and adaptive responses in indigenes and newcomers of the region can be assumed to have their specific features. In 2009 there was executed the examination of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and gas exchange in 392 cases aged of 17-19 years, including Europeans (Caucasians) born in the North in the 1st-2nd generation and indigenes. The methodologically similar study was carried out in 2014 in 265 persons, referred to the same cohorts of North-born Caucasians and Indigenes from the Magadan region. The results of the study executed in 2009 testified to a small number of physiological parameters that were reliably different in Caucasians vs. Indigene subjects. In 2014 no difference was found between the two examined cohorts throughout the observed parameters. The revealed changes in gas exchange, external respiration and cardiovascular systems demonstrated by modern young Indigenes of Northeast Russia testified to the fall in the effectiveness of their breathing. All that makes them farther from the classic “polar metabolic type” and their morphofunctional status becomes closer to European male subjects of Northeast Russia. Thus, we can observe a clear tendency towards “convergence in programs” of the adaptive changes between populations of the North residents undergoing similar natural, environmental and social factors.

scholarly journals Parasitic Lesions in Fish in the Federal District, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Alves Ferreira Junior ◽  
Saulo Pereira Cardoso ◽  
Nathália Dela-Sávia Da Fonseca ◽  
Karla Alvarenga Nascimento ◽  
Fábio Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Pathology Laboratory

Background: Brazil has a vast territory and favorable climatic conditions that allow the cultivation of freshwater fish. The intensification of the productive system can cause an imbalance in the aquatic environment as a result of poor water quality, nutritional deficiencies and infectious or parasitic diseases. The laboratory diagnosis and the determination of the prevalence of the main lesions, which occur in a certain region, help to guide towards the etiological diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the main parasitic lesions in fish in the routine at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade de Brasília. Material, Methods & Results: All records of fish with parasitic lesions were recovered. Those cases in which there was an intralesional parasite and which presented lesions compatible with the parasite were included. The screening of ectoparasites was done by scraping the superficial mucus from the gills and skin. Organ sections were routinely processed for histopathologyand stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). In some records, parasitological identification was carried. The information was divided into the species of the affected fish, epidemiology of the outbreak (water quality, temperature, type of breeding), lesion distribution, etiology and macroscopic and microscopic changes. The resulting data was organized in absolute frequency and percentage. In this study, 22 cases were counted, between individual deaths and outbreaks, totaling 83 necropsied teleost fish.Inflammatory changes of parasitic origin were seen in 13/22 (59%) of the cases had lesions of parasitic origin. Skin lesions and gills were the most relevant. Macroscopically, red areas or spots of hyperemia or hemorrhage on the body surface were the most prevalent findings. Under microscopy, proliferative gill inflammation was the most relevant diagnosis. Pscinoodinium pilullare (Dinoflagellida), Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), and monogenetic worms (Monogenea) were the main parasites found. Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora), Ichtyobodo sp. (Kinetoplastida), Amoebas, and Chilodonella sp. (Ciliophora), were seen in fewer numbers. An unusual case suggestive of parasitism by Eustrongylides sp. (Nematoda), in a pirá-brasília (Simpsonichthys boitonei), specimen has been recorded.Discussion: The diagnoses were based on epidemiology, anatomopathological and parasitological findings. The most frequent and significantly lethal lesion in the study was proliferative and / or hyperplastic branchitis. Proliferative branchitis with lamellar epithelial hyperplasia (LEH) is a response to some type of chemical or mechanical injury to the gill epithelium in order to protect the capillaries from further damage or microbial penetration. However, it also increases the diffusion distance between capillaries and the environment and, therefore, hinders breathing, excretory and osmoregulatory functions. Protozoan infections and monogenetic worms in general generated LEH and skin lesions of mechanical origin. Secondary bacterial infection, were observed in this parasitosis determining the cause of death of the fish. Its pathogenicity comes from the lesions caused by the colonization and histophagy of the epithelial surfaces, mainly gills and skin, causing epithelial proliferation, lamellar cell fusion, epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis forming several ulcers in the epithelium after the release of mature trophies. The pathogenesis of parasitism by Eustrongylides spp. is considerable when there is a large quantity of these larvae that can cause intestinal obstruction, rupture and compression of viscera, of greater importance in small fish. The main parasites of necropsied fish were protozoa and monogenetic worms, which mainly cause branquitis and dermatitis in varying grades.

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