scholarly journals Ecological concept of parasitic system functioning in cattle hypodermatosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Petrovich Tolokonnikov ◽  
Vyacheslav Vyacheslavovich Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila Sergeevna Vikulova ◽  
Olga Dmitrievna Chepeleva ◽  
Victoria Sergeevna Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Ecological Concept ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

It is shown that agents of hypodermatosis of cattle are: ordinary subcutaneous gadfly (string) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and South subcutaneous gadfly (pediatric) Hypoderma lineatumde Villers. The data on the ubiquitous prevalence of hypodermatosis in all agricultural zones of the Stavropol territory are presented. It was established that hypodermatosis in cattle is more often recorded in pasture than stall-walking rearing. The extent of invasion in animals kept in farms of different forms of ownership is 15.4-42.5 %, the intensity of invasion varies within 18.5-29.5 specimens/head.  It is emphasized that the activity of skin gadflies in the biocenosis during the day and spring-summer period is regulated by environmental conditions.   Populations gadflies in the Stavropol region demonstrated a certain species ratio of Hypoderma bovis (De Gee – 64.7%, Hypoderma lineatum DeVillers and 33.7%. The factors of population size regulation of H. bovis and H. Lineatum were studied.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES CAUSED BY THE LARVAE OF HYPODERMA BOVIS (L.) AND HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DE VILL.) (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) IN TISSUES OF CATTLE

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Epidural Fat ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation

The lesions in submucosal and adventitial connective tissue of the oesophagus of cattle caused by the migrating larvae of Hypoderma lineatum (De Vill.), consist of pseudocystic areas and tracks of a gelatinous fibrinous exudate containing necrotic cellular debris and collagen fibres in various stages of dissolution surrounded by accumulations of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The larvae feed on the dissolved connective tissue. These changes suggest that migration through the tissues is mainly by enzymic dissolution of collagen fibres and ground substance. Similar changes were found in the connective tissue surrounding the muscles of "licked beef". The larvae of H. bovis (L.) in the epidural fat cause areas of fat necrosis and sometimes invade the periosteum and dura. The greenish colour of the tracks is due to infiltrations of eosinophils. The warble shows a mixed picture of chronic granulomatous and non-suppurative inflammation, encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue. The larva is surrounded by a vascular layer of granulation tissue infiltrated with eosinophils, large mononuclears and plasma cells. Numerous giant cell systems and pseudotubercles are present. The larvae feed on the exudate within the warble cavity. Areas of suppuration are rarely found. The healing of the warble and the reaction to dead larvae are described.

Robustness of the DeLury Population Estimator

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane O. Braaten
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Random Error ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Weighted Estimator

This is a study of the robustness, in estimating population size, of the usual DeLury Estimator and three modifications of it derived from the generalized exact deterministic catch equation of Beverton and Holt (1956, 1957). These estimators are called the Generalized DeLury Estimator, the Weighted Generalized DeLury Estimator, and the Effort-corrected DeLury Estimator.A computer was used to simulate varying environmental conditions, which included combinations of several vectors of catchability and effort and several types of random error. The results indicate that the generalized estimator is overall the best, at least for these simulated data. The effort-corrected estimator is just as effective, but requires effort correction. The usual DeLury estimator underestimates on the average. The weighted estimator has high variance.Catchability behavior has a marked effect on accuracy of any of these estimators. An increase in catchability from a previously constant level results in a subsequent increase in the estimate of population size. A decrease in catchability results in a decrease in the estimate. If catchability cycles, the estimate cycles with the same crest and period.Effort has little effect, at least for the vectors studied in this model.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Picea chihuahuana Martinez populations on the basis of numerous dendrometric, climatic and edaphic traits and genetic diversity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliana Karina Dominguez-Guerrero ◽  
Samantha Mariscal-Lucero ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Berthold Heinze ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
The Mean

Background. Picea chihuahuana, which is endemic to Mexico, is currently listed as “Endangered” on the Red List. Chihuahua spruce is only found in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), Mexico. About 42,600 individuals are distributed in forty populations. The populations are fragmented and can be classified into three distinct clusters in the SMO of the two States (south, center and north), each group separated by a distance of about 300 km. The total area covered P. chihuahuana trees is less than 300 ha. A recent study suggested assisted migration as an alternative to the ex situ conservation of P. chihuahuana, taking into consideration the genetic structure and diversity of the populations and also predictions regarding the future climate of the habitat. However, detailed background information is required to enable development of plans for protecting and conserving species and for successful assisted migration. Thus, it is important to identify differences between populations in relation to environmental conditions. The vitality and genetic diversity of populations, which affect vigour, evolution and adaptability of the species, must also be considered. In this study, we examined the P. chihuahuana tree community growing in fourteen different locations, with the overall aim of discriminating the populations and clusters of this species using 22 climatic, 27 edaphic and 15 dasometric variables and three genetic diversity indices. Methods. Each location was represented by one 50 x 50 m plot established in the center of the location in which was measured the climate, soil, dasometric and genetic variables. The putative neutral and adaptive AFLP were used to calculate genetic diversity. Multivariate discriminant analysis including cross-validation was considered to test for significant differences in variables in the southern, central and northern populations and locations of the P. chihuahuana tree community. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationships between genetic diversity, population size, and the climatic, soil and dasometric variables. Results. The discriminant analysis revealed 22 highly significant variables, which separated the southern, central and northern populations. The mean genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana was significantly correlated with the mean temperature in the warmest month. Genetic diversity of P. chihuahuana calculated with putative adaptive AFLP was not statistically significantly correlated with any environmental factor. Finally, no significant correlations were observed between any of the three genetic diversity indices and population size. Discussion. At least three different ecotypes of P. chihuahuana probably exist, as local adaptation may take place because of the different environmental conditions. Therefore, future reforestation programs should take into account these different ecotypes and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Cattle Grubs

EDIS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Kaufman ◽  
Philip G. Koehler ◽  
Jerry F. Butler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
The Common

Cattle grubs (Figure 1) are the immature stages of warble flies or heel flies (Figure 2). Two species of cattle grubs occur in the United States -- the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum, and the northern cattle grub, Hypoderma bovis. The common cattle grub is found in Florida; however the northern cattle grub is usually found in cattle shipped to Florida from other states. Recent observations have indicated that the northern cattle grub may be becoming established in Florida. This document is ENY-270 (IG126), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date: May 1995. Revised: March 2006. 

scholarly journals Variasi Karakter Pembungaan Antar Varian dan Ras Lahan Cendana Sepanjang Gradien Geografis di Gunung Sewu

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Yeni Widyana Nurcahyani Cahyaningrum ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eny Faridah ◽  
Atus Syahbudin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Land Races

Cendana merupakan spesies asli Indonesia bagian timur, yang menjadi ras lahan di Gunung Sewu. Sembilan ras lahan di Gunung Sewu, seluruhnya tersusun atas tiga varian yang berbeda struktur dan warna bunganya (MK, merah kecil; MB, merah besar; dan KB, kuning besar). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter pembungaan ketiga varian cendana di Gunung Sewu pada periode pembungaan tahun 2015; di tiga ras lahan yang mewakili tiap zona yaitu Nglanggeran (Zona Utara), Bleberan (Zona Tengah), dan Petir (Zona Selatan). Observasi meliputi fenologi, kemasakan organ reproduksi, display, dan struktur pembungaan. Struktur pembungaan dan longevity organ reproduksi berbeda antar varian. MB dan KB didominasi warna merah dan marun, perigonium lebih besar, organ reproduksi lebih panjang, posisi putik sejajar/lebih rendah dari benang sari, dan longevity lebih singkat. MK didominasi kuning hingga oranye, lebih kecil, posisi putik sejajar/lebih tinggi, dan longevity lebih lama. Display pembungaan berbeda antar ras lahan, namun tidak berbeda antar varian. Petir, dengan ukuran populasi terbesar, memproduksi paling banyak pohon berbunga dan total bunga untuk seluruh varian. Ras lahan dan varian berbunga dua kali setahun, namun dengan inisiasi dan durasi yang berbeda. KB berbunga lebih awal di seluruh ras lahan, sedangkan MB paling akhir. MK memiliki durasi pembungaan terpanjang. Perbedaan antar ras lahan lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti ketinggian, jenis tanah, dan iklim. Ras lahan yang lebih rendah, kering, dan panas berbunga lebih awal dan singkat. Peningkatan temperatur dan turunnya status air tanah menyebabkan keguguran massal yang diikuti sequential replacement, mengakibatkan perubahan frekuensi pembungaan. Strategi konservasi cendana di Gunung Sewu perlu dirancang berbasis keragaman genetik, sinkroni pembungaan, dan kompatibilitas antar varian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan keberagaman tempat tumbuhnya.Kata kunci: cendana; Gunung Sewu; pembungaan; ras lahan; varian bunga The Flowering Characters Variation Among Floral Variants and Landraces Along Geographical Gradients in Gunung SewuAbstractSandalwood was origin to the south-eastern islands of Indonesia, but is recently occured as new land-races in Gunung Sewu, Java island. All of land-races consisted of three floral variants (MK, refers to “merah kecil”; MB, “merah besar”; and KB, “kuning besar”, respectively). This research aimed to determine flowering of these variants among three of land-races which were representing geographical zone in Gunung Sewu: Nglanggeran, Blebera, and Petir. Observation on phenology, sexual organs maturity, floral structure, and display was conducted in 2015. Floral structures varied among variants. MB and KB dominated by red and maroon colors, possessed bigger perigonium, longer sexual organs but with shorter longevity, and similar/lower position of stylus to stamens. MK dominated by yellow to orange colors, smaller, similar/higher position of stylus, and longer longevity. Floral display varied among land-races but were similar among variants. Petir, with biggest population size, produced the most abundant flowers and flowering trees at all variants. Sandalwood flowered twice a year in all of land-races and variants, however, the onset and duration varied. KB flowered earliest while MB was the latest. MK possessed longest flowering period. Flowering varied among land-races due to the altitude, soils, and climatic differences. Lower altitude, drier, and warmer sites flowered earlier and shorter. Mass abortion and sequential replacement, resulting in the alteration on flowering frequency, occured due to the extreme temperature increment. Conservation strategy should be arranged based on genetic differentiation, flowering differences, and crossing abilities among variants. Differences of landscapes, which may contribute to the differences of environmental conditions and flowering processes, should also be considered.

Experiments in hybridizing the warble flies Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers) and H. bovis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weintraub ◽  
R. H. Robertson ◽  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Viable Offspring ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis

The taxonomic characters in about 23% first- and 8% second-instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis (Linnaeus) and H. lineatum (de Villers) collected in nature were sufficiently aberrant to suggest hybridization. However, similar aberrations were found in larvae from known intraspecific matings.Measurements of genitalia indicated no morphological barrier to cross-mating. Cross-mating in both directions was achieved in the laboratory with transfer of active sperm to the spermathecae. None of the eggs laid by cross-mated females showed embryonic development. The possibility is discussed of eradicating warble fly populations by encouraging cross-mating to produce non-viable offspring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document