Measurement of Outside Thread Pitch Distance Results of TONGTAI TCS 1500[M] CNC Lath Using Profile Projector

Research has been carried out on the Measurement of the Outer Thread Pitch Distance from the Tongtai Tcs 1500[M] Cnc Lathe Using a Projector Profile. The use of a screw system to unite two components, is almost always found in all industrial technology results from the form of industrial technology with a low level of accuracy (rough) to a very high level of precision (precision). Therefore the screw system has become one of the important factors in industrial progress in all types of production. The higher the level of a component made means the higher the level of accuracy of the thread system. In this study, calculations were carried out to determine the level of precision of a thread made through the machining process using a TONGTAI TCS 1500 [M] CNC lathe. The precision measurement was carried out by measuring using a dimension measuring instrument, namely Profile Projector type HST-CPJ-3000/3000Z. To find out the average value and the value of the screw deviation, a research and measurement process was carried out with several product samples or test objects (sample A, sample B, sample C) where each sample was the same size, namely M15 × 50 P 1.5. The first measurements were made on the major and minor diameters. Because this measurement is more focused on the level of precision of the thread pitch distance, the second measurement is carried out by measuring the dimensions of the distance between the pitches as much as N = 10. From the 10 measuring points of the thread pitch distance, different average values and deviation values will be produced although in the same size.. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of pressure of a thread made through a machining process which in this study used a CNC TONGTAI TCS 1500 [M] lathe. it is known that the overall average value of the three samples is with a major diameter = 14,949 mm, a minor diameter = 13,219 mm, and a thread pitch distance = 1.5309 mm.

Experimental investigation of Archimedes Screw Hydro Turbine rotation with and without deflector

The Archimedes screw water turbine (AST) is a device that works mechanically to produce electrical energy with an energy source that comes from the flow of water. Archimedes screw hydro turbines operate at low head and flow rates and can generate electricity at micro levels. This type of turbine is very suitable for use in small waters such as irrigation and rivers. The research was conducted by building a prototype of a small-scale Archimedes screw hydro turbine with and without deflector. The purpose of this research is to compare the rotation produced by the two turbines and whether the installation of a deflector can improve turbine performance. The turbine is constructed with a screw length of 1 m, outer diameter is 30 cm, the number of blades 15, and each has a pitch distance is 13 cm. Turbine angle variations are 30°, 35°, and 40°. The results showed that the best rotor rotation was produced by the screw without deflector at an angle of 30°. This shows that the addition of a deflector reduces the resulting screw rotation.

Rancangan Bangun Turbin Mikrohidro Tipe Archimedes Screw Dengan Kapasitas Daya 560 Watt

The performance of a micro-hydro turbine was influenced by several factors, namely the design and the enviromental. This study aims to obtain the appropriate design parameters for the manufacture of screw turbines. This research was focused on blade dimensions and turbine screw pitch distance. The calculations were performed using several screw turbine fixing formulations. The design results show that the optimum blade diameter and turbine pitch range are 0.213 m and 0.312 m at 0.2 m3 / s of turbine inlet water flow and 563.3 Watt turbine shaft output power. The turbine screw test results of the design were carried out in the river flow of Puri Kedaton Housing, Pematang Gajah Village, Rt 13, Jambi Province. The test results show that the highest turbine power occurs at 30 kg shaft loading with a turbine output power of 445 Watts and an efficiency of 78.9%.

Highly Flexible Wind Turbine Blades Utilizing Corrugated Surface Hinges

An anthropomorphic wind turbine blade was the suggested design that had a flexure hinge at root, middle, and tip regions. The inter-distances of the flexure hinges follow the Fibonacci sequence and resembled the natural finger through binding. Therefore, the present study designs various corrugated flexure hinges. NACA0012 is chosen as the basic airfoil for designing the corrugated flexure hinges with different geometrical profiles and leading edges. The designs are based on morphing technology and the main geometrical parameters of the corrugation, the pitch distance along the span and the height, are inspired by tubercles of the whale flippers. The study uses the finite element method to define the significant strength characteristics of each design flap-wise, edge-wise, torsional stiffness, and buckling resistance in order to assign the best fit corrugation profile for each region of the blade.

An interval-size illusion: The influence of timbre on the perceived size of melodic intervals

In four experiments, we investigated the influence of timbre on perceived interval size. In Experiment 1, musically untrained participants heard two successive tones and rated the pitch distance between them. Tones were separated by six or seven semitones and varied in timbre. Pitch changes were accompanied by a congruent timbre change (e.g., ascending interval involving a shift from a dull to a bright timbre), an incongruent timbre change (e.g., ascending interval involving a shift from a bright to a dull timbre), or no timbre change. Ratings of interval size were strongly influenced by timbre. The six-semitone interval with a congruent timbre change was perceived to be larger than the seven-semitone interval with an incongruent timbre change (interval illusion). Experiment 2 revealed similar effects for musically trained participants. In Experiment 3, participants compared the size of two intervals presented one after the other. Effects of timbre were again observed, including evidence of an interval illusion. Experiment 4 confirmed that timbre manipulations did not distort the perceived pitch of tones. Changes in timbre can expand or contract the perceived size of intervals without distorting individual pitches. We discuss processes underlying interval size perception and their relation to pitch perception mechanisms.

An interval-size illusion: The influence of timbre on the perceived size of melodic intervals

In four experiments, we investigated the influence of timbre on perceived interval size. In Experiment 1, musically untrained participants heard two successive tones and rated the pitch distance between them. Tones were separated by six or seven semitones and varied in timbre. Pitch changes were accompanied by a congruent timbre change (e.g., ascending interval involving a shift from a dull to a bright timbre), an incongruent timbre change (e.g., ascending interval involving a shift from a bright to a dull timbre), or no timbre change. Ratings of interval size were strongly influenced by timbre. The six-semitone interval with a congruent timbre change was perceived to be larger than the seven-semitone interval with an incongruent timbre change (interval illusion). Experiment 2 revealed similar effects for musically trained participants. In Experiment 3, participants compared the size of two intervals presented one after the other. Effects of timbre were again observed, including evidence of an interval illusion. Experiment 4 confirmed that timbre manipulations did not distort the perceived pitch of tones. Changes in timbre can expand or contract the perceived size of intervals without distorting individual pitches. We discuss processes underlying interval size perception and their relation to pitch perception mechanisms.

A Comparative Study on the Wettability of Unstructured and Structured LiFePO4 with Nanosecond Pulsed Fiber Laser

The wettability of electrodes increases the power and energy densities of the cells of lithium-ion batteries, which is vital to improving their electrochemical performance. Numerous studies in the past have attempted to explain the effect of electrolyte and calendering on wettability. In this work, the wettability behavior of structured and unstructured LiFePO4 electrodes was studied. Firstly, the wettability morphology of the structured electrode was analyzed, and the electrode geometry was quantified in terms of ablation top and bottom width, ablation depth, and aspect ratio. From the result of the geometry analysis, the minimum measured values of aspect ratio and ablation depth were used as structured electrodes. Laser structuring with pitch distances of 112 μm, 224 μm, and 448 μm was applied. Secondly, the wettability of the electrodes was measured mainly by total wetting time and electrolyte spreading area. This study demonstrates that the laser-based structuring of the electrode increases the electrochemically active surface area of the electrode. The electrode structured with 112 μm pitch distance exhibited the fastest wetting at a time of 13.5 s. However, the unstructured electrode exhibited full wetting at a time of 84 s.

The effect of materials and design on the reliability of through-glass vias for 2.5 D integrated circuits: a numerical study

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the factors responsible for substrate cracking reliability problem in through-glass vias (TGVs), which are critical components for glass-based 2.5 D integration.Design/methodology/approachNumerical models were used to examine the driving force for substrate cracking in glass interposers due to stress coupling during heating. An analytical solution was used to demonstrate how the energy release rate (ERR) for the glass substrate cracking is affected by the via design and the mismatch in thermal strain. Then, the numerical models were implemented to investigate the design factors effects, such as the pitch distance, via diameter, via pattern, via design, effect from a stress buffer layer and the interposer materials selection on the susceptibility to substrate cracking.FindingsERR for substrate cracking was found to be directly proportional to the via diameter and the thermal mismatch strain. When a via pattern is implemented for high-density integration, a coupling in the stress fields was identified. This coupling effect was found to depend on the pitch distance, the position of the vias, and the via arrangement, suggesting a via pattern-dependent reliability behavior for glass interposers. Changing the design of the via to an annular shape or a substrate-cored via was found to be a promising approach to reduce the susceptibility to substrate cracking compared to a fully filled solid via. Also, the use of a stress buffer layer, an encouraging design prospect presented for the first time for TGVs in this study, was found to significantly reduce cracking. Finally, alternative via and substrate materials showed lower tendency for substrate cracking, indicating that the reliability of glass interposers can be further enhanced with the implementation of such new materials.Originality/valueThis study signifies the first attempt to comprehensively evaluate the susceptibility to crack formation in glass interposers during heating. Therefore, this study provides new perspectives on how to achieve a significant potential reliability improvement for TGVs.