The Impact of Air Pollution on the Development of Inbound Tourism in Chinese Megacities: The Case Study of Beijing, Guangzhou and Chongqing

The existing studies pay more attention to the impact of public transport and other public service facilities on urban air pollution and tourism, but less on the negative effect of air pollution caused by carbon emissions of business fixed investment on inbound tourism. This article attempts to make a supplementary analysis about the above point through examining the correlation between air pollution associate with business fixed investment and the size of inbound tourism based on panel data of three megacities (Beijing, Guangzhou and Chongqing) in China over the period from 2015 to 2019. The findings of this paper show that the effects of air pollution linked with carbon emissions from business fixed investment on the number of inbound tourists (NIT) is a negative correlation, while the influence of GDP per capita and tourism revenue on NIT reveal a positive relationship by applying fixed effects model for benchmark regression and the system-GMM estimator for robustness check. Moreover, the negative influence of PM 10 on sample cities is more than PM2.5. Some different results of core variables between benchmark and sub-sample regressions don’t imply the above conclusion to be substantively changed because of different distribution and concentration of nominal inbound tourists in specific sample megacities. In order to fundamentally improve air quality and to stimulate the development of inbound tourism, the suggestion of this study is to promote new business fixed investment with clean energy of renewable and low carbon.

Fixed Investment and Economic Growth: ARDL and Causality Exploration for SADC Countries

In assessing the short run and the long-run effects of fixed investment and economic growth among Southern Africa countries, we evaluated the economic progress of the SADC (Southern African Development Committee) region. Our objective is to determine how variables (GDP, purchasing power parity, inflation, electricity, balance-of-payments, and unemployment) can be affected by the fixed investment. In determining how fixed investment affects economic activities and policies among the states, the ADRL estimation approach is applied. Using data from 13 countries in the SADC region from the period 1992-2018, we enumerate the variables’ marginal returns against the fixed investment component. The results of diagnostic and other tests show that all statistical procedures are robust. The result proves that the benefits of fixed investment are yielded over a long period rather than short periods. As a result, the cost in the short term cannot be compared to the benefits that will be enjoyed later by an economy as it becomes productive. Furthermore, the lack of consistent fixed investment among countries will eventually lead to insufficient cash flow, which will negatively affect the currency. These results would seem to suggest that the introduction of policies that promote investment will massively contribute to increased productivity and positive economic growth in the region.

Fixed investment: Trend assessment

Subject. This article considers investment in fixed assets as an economic growth factor. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the field of investment in fixed assets in the Perm Krai, Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article presents the changes in and patterns of fixed investment for 2015–2019, and it assesses the level of fixed investment in the Russian Federation, Volga Federal District, and the Perm Krai. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of management decisions on fixed capital investment.

Channel Selection Strategy for a Retailer with Finance Constraint in a Supply Chain Based on Complex Network Theory

This paper establishes a two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. We consider the retailer buys a product from the manufacturer and sells it to consumers through a store channel and an online channel. The retailer needs to bear a fixed investment cost to running its store/online channel. We discuss the impact of the fixed investment cost, the operating cost for the product, and substitutive factor between the two channels on the optimal strategy for the retailer using complex network theory. The result shows that the ratio of net surplus and the ratio of the operating cost between the two channels play a significant role in the retailer’s optimal decisions. Moreover, finance constraint and the fixed investment cost are also two vital factors for the retailer to channel selection strategy. Numerical experiment shows the effectiveness of the conclusion, and some meaningful insights are generated.

Forecasting of Capital Investments into the Fixed Capital in Regions Until 2024: Methods and Results of Territorial Forecast for Russia

The aim of the study is to improve the methodology of forecasting of the territorial proportions of fixed capital investments within the medium-term forecast of the social and economic development of Russia. The author proposes a method of decomposition of predicted national indicators at the regional level which takes into account the prospects of attracting private investments and implementing large investment projects with the state participation. The researcher describes the system of factors determining the interregional differences of private investors’ activity and forming the metric basis of complex estimation of the regional investment attractiveness using the official statistics. The paper presents the list and methods for estimating the indicators characterizing the production, financial, consumer, institutional, innovative, infrastructure and natural-resource components of the region’s investment potential, as well as social, environmental and technological regional investment risks. The paper shows the opportunities of using the functional relationship for the medium-term forecasting between the integral regional indicators of the investment attractiveness and activity. The national forecast has been decomposed by calculating the individual regional deviations of the forecasted national growth rate of fixed investment in Russia for 2019–2024. The developed variants of perspective territorial proportions confirm the possibility to achieve the national target of the forecast presented as a 25 percent share of the fixed investment in GDP of Russia and reflect the core perspective destinations of development for different parts of the country – the accelerated development of the Far East, the Arctic zone, the largest metropolitan areas of Russia, as well as the provision of national security in the geostrategic regions of the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts. The approach is designed to support the administrative decisions concerning the spatial development by linking regional and investment policy priorities.

Comparative study of agro-based small scale industries in Punjab

About 70% population of Punjab is earning from agriculture. In Punjab there is unemployment, and agro-based small scale industries can help to control the problem. Secondary data which is collected from the statistical department Punjab are used. An attempt is made to compare the agro-based small scale industries in Punjab with the small scale industries in Punjab. The results show that the trend of growth in both industries are the same. Correlation analysis shows that there is a positive correlation of production with the fixed investment, production and employment in both the industries. Results show that production is growing in both the industries. Number of units in the agro-based small scale industries has decline in small numbers whereas in small scale industries it has increase in small numbers.