Ulcerated White Lesion of Tongue in a 7-Year-Old Child: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Tongue is a complex organ associated with functions of taste, speech, mastication, deglutition, and development of jaws. It is considered the mirror of physical health as it can be the site of infections, immunological and drug-induced reactions, neoplasms and systemic diseases. This paper aims to present challenges in diagnosing a case of a 7-year-old male child who presented with ulceration and extensive white coating on the dorsum of tongue accompanied by fever, chills, tonsillitis, and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Despite symptomatic treatment done, the white coating with patches of depapillation lasted for a relatively long time. This may be the first reported case in the literature with such unusual tongue lesions in a child till date. Thus, pediatric dentists should have sound knowledge of the commonly encountered oral soft tissue lesions along with the rarer lesions and unusual presentation of common lesions for timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and referral if necessary.

A study of evaluating specific tissue oxygen saturation values of gastrointestinal tumors by removing adherent substances in oxygen saturation imaging

Objectives Oxygen saturation (OS) imaging is a new method of endoscopic imaging that has clinical applications in oncology which can directly measure tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) of the surface of gastrointestinal tract without any additional drugs or devices. This imaging technology is expected to contribute to research into cancer biology which leads to clinical benefit such as prediction to efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, adherent substances on tumors such as blood and white coating, pose a challenge for accurate measurements of the StO2 values in tumors. The aim of this study was to develop algorithms for discriminating between the tumors and their adherent substances, and to investigate whether it is possible to evaluate the tumor specific StO2 values excluding adherent substances during OS imaging. Methods We plotted areas of tumors and their adherent substances using white-light images of 50 upper digestive tumors: blood (68 plots); reddish tumor (83 plots); white coating (89 plots); and whitish tumor (79 plots). Scatter diagrams and discriminating algorithms using spectrum signal intensity values were constructed and verified using validation datasets. StO2 values were compared between the tumors and tumor adherent substances using OS images of gastrointestinal tumors. Results The discriminating algorithms and their accuracy rates (AR) were as follows: blood vs. reddish tumor: Y> - 4.90X+7.13 (AR: 95.9%) and white coating vs. whitish tumor: Y< -0.52X+0.17 (AR: 96.0%). The StO2 values (median, [range]) were as follows: blood, 79.3% [37.8%–100.0%]; reddish tumor, 74.5% [62.0%–86.9%]; white coating, 73.8% [42.1%–100.0%]; and whitish tumor, 65.7% [53.0%–76.3%]. Conclusions OS imaging is strongly influenced by adherent substances for evaluating the specific StO2 value of tumors; therefore, it is important to eliminate the information of adherent substances for clinical application of OS imaging.

Estudio hidrodinámico de tanques agitados para la producción de recubrimiento blanco base agua

In the present work, a university-industry linkage project was carried out in which the hydrodynamic performance of three existing impellers in agitated tanks in a Paint manufacturing plant of the company Axalta Coating Systems is compared. These are 45 ° inclined four vane impeller (PBT4), 35 ° inclined six vane impeller (PBT6), and Chemineer type curved tip three inclined vane high efficient impeller (HE3). For this, Computational Fluid Dynamics and experimental measurements of power consumption were used. The study was carried out in a 4-liter cylindrical tank operating in a turbulent regime (Reynolds numbers greater than 14,000) using two types of fluids; water and white coating like Newtonian fluid and slimming fluid. In all the simulations and experimental validations, geometric similarity was maintained with the existing conditions in the plant. An analysis of mesh independence was carried out, comparing meshes with an increase of twice the number of elements, in which the one with the least variability of the hydrodynamic properties with respect to the previous one was chosen. Once the independent mesh was obtained, the speed fields, the dependence of the power numbers (NP) and pumping numbers (NQ) of each of the impellers under study were obtained at different operating conditions similar to those existing in the plant. It was found that in turbulent regime for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid, the power number is higher for the PBT4 impeller and the lower for the PBT6. For both fluids, the pumping number was higher for the PBT4 impeller and the lowest was obtained for the PBT6. The mixing effectiveness ratio (NQ/NP) that was found is that Chemineer's HE3 impeller has the highest value for Newtonian fluid, while for non-Newtonian fluid, the values are very similar for PBT4 and HE3 impellers. For the specific case study of this work, it was concluded that for the homogenization of a white coating manufactured in the company Axalta Coating Systems using the PBT4 and HE3 impellers they would have a very similar performance, while the PBT6 impeller would have the worst performance. Considering that the PBT4 impeller is a general purpose agitator and can be used in a large number of applications, and furthermore, it is easier to manufacture and its cost is lower, the PBT4 agitator would have a better performance than the HE3 impeller.

Analysis on Causes of Polysiloxane Surface Coating Peeling on a Special Ship

A new generation of high performance polysiloxane white coating has been peeling off a large area after being applied on a special ship for 10 years, which has a great impact on the appearance of the hull. Based on the curing mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of acrylic polysiloxane coating, the reason of existing coating stripping was analyzed. Through a small range test, We can explore the method of coating repair.

Differences in Metabolites of Different Tongue Coatings in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Tongue coating is one of the important foundations of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plays an important role in reflecting the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease. However, its material basis is still poorly understood. In this study, a urinary metabonomic method based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. The distinct clustering in metabolic profile was observed from Group A (thick yellow coating in patients with chronic hepatitis B), Group B (thick white coating in patients with chronic hepatitis B), and Group C (thin white coating with healthy humans) using orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). Based on the variable of importance in the project (VIP) values, some significantly changed metabolites have been identified. These changes were related to the disturbance in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and gut microflora, which were helpful to understand the material basis leading to the formation of tongue coating. This study demonstrated that tongue coating may have an objective material basis.