A SYNTACTICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LAYLA MAJNUN'S ROMANCE IN 2002

<p>The purpose of this study is to describe the syntactic structure in the metaphors in Layla Majnun's translation of the novel. The data was obtained from the novel Layla Majnun published by Navila through listening with simak bebas libat cakap technique. Data analysis was padan using pilah unsur tertentu method, namely by sorting certain elements using referential sorting. The results showed that the metaphorical structure in Layla Majnun's novel was dominated by phrases and clauses. Images in the structure of phrases and clauses are displayed through the categories of nouns and verbs. The form of the verb in the clause is found in the form of action verbs, events and circumstances. The variety of these forms proves that the metaphorical structure is consistent in constructing its construction to form a concrete meaning that is easily understood by the reader.</p>

Framing of Covid-19 Vaccine News on CNN Website

This study is intended to analyze the form of Framing of Covid-19 vaccine new on CNN website based on Discourse Analysis perspective theory of Framing Analysis by Zhondang Pan & Gerald M. Kosicki. The objective of this research is “To describe how are the forms of framing of covid 19 vaccine news on CNN website”. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used Zhondang Pan & Gerald M. Kosicki Framing Models to analyze the data. The source of the data in this research was taken from News on CNN Website. The data was collected through reading intensively, identifying and selecting, classifying, describing, and interpreting the data to get a complete conclusion of Framing Covid-19 Vaccine News on CNN Website by Zhondang Pan & Gerald M. Kosicki theory. The researcher analyzes six pieces of data or news from the CNN website. The result showed there are framing the researcher found based on four models of framing Pan & Kosicki namely: Syntactical Structure, Script Structure, Thematical Structure and Rhetorical Structure in six data or news from CNN website.

Comparison of Declarative-Interrogative Intonation in Lampungnese

Intonation is a suprasegmental feature of language that constructs the meaning of utterances. The meaning constructed can be different from the lexical meaning and syntactical structure. This paper tried to examine the intonation system in the Lampung language, especially the acoustic characteristics which distinguish between declarative and interrogative. In this research, the researcher applied the IPO approach to collect and analyze data. Data were gathered by recording native speakers uttering declarative and interrogative sentences that were segmentally identical. Having the data, a perception test was conducted to get the best utterances for each mode as a contour prototype. Next, both prototypes were analyzed respectively using Praat software to find out each acoustic characteristic. Then, they were compared to find the suprasegmental features that characterize the acoustic features of each sentence mode. Based on the analysis, both intonations differed in the pitch of initial, final subject constituent, final complement constituent, initial predicate constituent, final pitch, peak, range of pitch, and duration of utterances. In addition, pitch of peak (H1) and slope (H2) were identified as the most influential component in the formation of a sentence model. Therefore, experiments of manipulating those acoustic features (H1 and H2) and testing them on the perception of native speakers were held to prove the identification. The result of the perception test showed that the peak significantly distinguished the mode of the sentence, the higher pitch of the peak determined the interrogative mode. While the second identification did not give any contribution in creating the meaning.

Syntactical Structure of English and Pashto Prepositions: A Case of IN-ON Vs PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE

Previous literature mainly focused on the categorization of prepositions in investigation of the syntactical structure Pashto grammar. This paper will adopt syntactical model of Svenonius to examine the syntactic structure of Pashto prepositional system and will compare it with English to find out differences between English and Pashto prepositions. Svenonius’ model has been applied to the structured data on preposition IN and ON in English and PUH-KE and PUH-BANDE in Pashto retrieved from different sources. Purposeful structured sample was used for analysis. The analysis revealed that the prepositional systems in two languages exhibit syntactic and semantic differences, which often affect the translation and learning of second language. The analysis also revealed that the Svenonius’s model has to be modified to harness the syntactical structure of Pashto language. Moreover, Pashto speakers use the contact schema more often in expression of spatial relations than the English, and this paper suggests further research into spatial schemas to comprehensively analyze the Pashto prepositions.

Sowing the Seeds of Loss

The interruption figures prominently in Verdi’s Otello, and, because of the goal-oriented, syntactical structure of tonal music, is thus a singularly dramatic event that is rife with potential musical meaning. When the musical line is cut off or abbreviated (i.e. by pausing at 2̂ over V, without reaching 1̂ over I), three questions immediately come to mind: Why did this happen? Will it be remedied? What implications does it have? With these questions in mind, the author of this chapter investigates Verdi’s masterful opera and demonstrates that the large-scale interruption supports a dramatic plan in which no character is about to achieve his or her objectives.

The Syntactical Analysis Of Sentence Patterns Of Make Over Lipstick Advertisement Found In Instagram Applied In Tree Diagram

The science of language is known linguistics. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the set of words, phrases, clauses in a sentence. The researcher focuses her research on sentence pattern in Make Over lipstick advertisement found in instagram. The objective of this research are to analyze the syntactical structure of sentence pattern applied in tree diagram and transformation grammar. The tree diagram used to describe words, phrases, or clauses arranged in a sentence. While the transformation grammar function to find out the changes in the shape of a sentence. In analyzing the data in tree diagram the researcher uses Dianne Borstein theory and for analyzing the data in transformation grammar uses Akmajian and Frank theory. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative methods to describe and explain the finding data. The data found were thirteen data taken through the selection of sentences based on their types, namely declarative sentence, question sentences, and exclamation sentences. The data is then analyzed. From the analysis carried out, the reseracher found declarative sentences and exclamation sentences on the basic structure of sentences while the command sentences and question sentences are in the transformation grammar structure. Key Words : Syntactical Analysis, sentence pattern, Instagram advertisement.

The complication of the syntactical structure of subordinate-coordinate polynome in modern german (on the material of scientific discourse)

This article offers the research of ways of complication of a subordinate-coordinate polynome, an art of complex clauses, which is made of at least three constituents. Each constituent – a clause is a participant of subordinate relations. There are additionally coordinative relations between a pair of subordinate clauses in the sentence. The study is undertaken on the material of the scientific discourse. The analyzed 500 subordinate-coordinate polynomes were chosen from scientific journals of the period from 2015 to 2017. It was discovered, that for two thirds of polynomes it is typical to broaden its basic triangle form and to add new predicative or half-predicative constructions. Among all existing ways of complication (widening, extension, including), only two (widening and including) are used to streamline the syntactical structure of subordinate-coordinate polynomes. If a polynom is extended, so one or more main clauses are added, it stops to be a subordinate-coordinate polynome and becomes a coordinate-subordinate one. Such sentences were not analyzed in this research, because such sentences are not subordinate-coordinate polynomes anymore. The typical way of complication is widening of a polynome, that occurs when a) one or more subordinate clauses are added to the pair of coordinate clauses in the sentence or b) when a word in a clause or the whole main or subordinate clause is specified. Almost half of studied examples were complicated several times. That means that even such a close and balanced construction as a subordinate-coordinate polynome can be changed according to the needs of the author. More than a half of subordinate clauses are directly connected with the main one. From possible 6 levels of setting a hierarchical connection between clauses like a connection between a subordinate clause and a main one only five are evidential. When the structure of a polynome is getting more complicated, some processes of simplification are used parallel: ellipsis, reduction of a subordinate clause etc. The second way of complication of a polynome is including half-predicative constructions. In the analyzed polynomes only 2 from 3 half-predicative constructions were found: infinitive and adverbial participial phrases. There were no polynomes with absolute constructions, which also belong to half-predicative ones. The quantity of infinitive phrases is more than ten times higher than the quantity of adverbial participial ones. It is typical for polynomes to add infinitive phrases with Infinitive Simple Active. In a such way these phrases show an activity which happens parallel to the predicate in the clause. By contrast to this, adverbial participial phrases include Participle 2 Active, that shows a finished action, which has happened before the action in the clause with what it’s connected. Anyway, including a half-predicative construction is much less typical for polynomes in the scientific discourse than adding a clause, so a full predicative construction. The perspective of this research can be an investigation of subordinate-coordinate polynomes in other discourses (mass media, literature etc.) and the comparison of their features with the features of the polynomes in the scientific discourse. Another sphere of a further research is a study of the communicative organization of subordinate-coordinate polynomes in different discourses and an investigating of the differences between subordinate-coordinate and coordinate-subordinate polynomes.

The adnominal linker -an in Andalusi Arabic, with special reference to the poetry of Ibn Quzmān (twelfth century)

This chapter describes a syntactical structure typical of Andalusi Arabic, as well as many other Arabic varieties: the use of a nominal suffix -an/-in after an indefinite noun followed by a modifier. Some scholars have linked this morpheme to the so-called tanwīn (‘nunation’), the morpheme of indefiniteness of Classical Arabic. However, both the synchronic analysis of the linguistic facts as they appear in the Andalusi corpus explored in this chapter (the poetry of Ibn Quzmān, twelfth century) and the use of this suffix in other Arabic dialects suggest a different function. The adnominal linker represents not an indefiniteness morpheme or the remains of the tanwīn of Classical Arabic, but a syntactic connection between the indefinite noun and its modifier. It was not a sporadic, stylistic, or optional trait, but a specific and almost compulsory feature widespread in Andalusi Arabic sources, at least until the thirteenth century.