Microclonal reproduction of common aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes in the Republic of Tatarstan

The research presents the results of an experiment on propagation of core rot-resistant aspen clones (Populus tremula L.) of diploid and triploid genotypes using microclonal propagation method and their introduction into forestry production in the Republic of Tatarstan. The expediency of using this method in the conditions of the Republic for obtaining healthy aspen planting material is proved, and the prospects of reproduction of clone No.35 with a triploid genotype are shown. The reliable difference of test tube regenerating plants of triploid forms in the height of the shoot and in the development of root systems is proved

COMPARISON OF SALIVATION RATE AND VISCOSITY OF ORAL LIQUID IN ADOLESCENTS 15-18 YEARS OLD WITH CARIES, WHO STUDY IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

Caries is the most widespread stomatological disease among children, teenagers, and adults. After their eruption, hard tooth tissues are under the constant influence of oral liquid, property, and composition of which constantly change under the influence of different factors, such as local and general. Local and general factors, among which there is the state of hygiene of oral cavity, presence of somatic pathologies, psycho-emotional state of patient and others, influence the indexes of oral liquid. Considerable influence of the development of pathology of hard tissues has increased the secretion of saliva, its viscosity. Worsening of these indexes speeds the formation of dental plaque and change of its microbial composition, which, in turn, results in the demineralization of enamel. Therefore, a study of the speed of salivation and viscosity of mouth liquid in teenagers with caries is a pressing problem for the further planning of prophylactic measures in them. Undertaken studies of the speed of salivation certify the difference of indexes for teenagers, that study in different establishments of education. Thus, among 15 and 16-years-old teenagers that attend school an index was higher for schoolchildren as compared to the college students (p0,01), which could be explained by better stomatological status for them: the school attenders had the compensated degree of activity of caries, and college students ̶ compensated, subcompensated and decompensated. For schoolchildren speed of salivation improves from the age of 15 to 16 (p0,01), and for the students of the college, it remains almost at the same level. Students of university at 17 and 18 years had an index of the speed of salivation, that met a standard and did not have a reliable difference in different age-old periods, but had a reliable difference when compared to the index of college students. Speed of salivation for college attenders decreased with age and had the worst result in 18 years old. Leaning on the obtained data, there is ap necessity of the study of this index, according to the degree of activity of caries. From all examined patients, the best index of the speed of salivation was in teenagers with the compensated degree of caries activity, the worst ̶ in decompensated. The students of different educational establishments have the educed reliable difference of speed of salivation. The worst indexes were found in the examined college students, regardless of the degree of caries activity. The received results need a more detailed study of the reasons of origin of the cariogenic situation of this contingent of teenagers. The viscosity of oral liquid has a considerable influence on the state of the hard tissues of teeth. Its increase results in the considerable accumulation of dental stratifications, increase in the amount of microflora that results in focal demineralization. We found the dependence of this index on the degree of caries activity in attenders of different educational establishments. The viscosity of the oral liquid increases with the increase of index of intensity of caries and reaches a maximum for teenagers with the decompensated degree of caries activity. The worst index is found in college students with the decompensated degree of caries activity. Even at the identical degree of caries activity, the viscosity of mouth liquid in teenagers, that study in a college is higher than in those, who attend school or university. The received results of research need a more detailed study of factors that influence on the origin of the cariogenic situation in the mouth cavity for college students. The results of our research testify to the presence of the highly expressed cariogenic situation in the oral cavity of teenagers, that study in a college that is expressed in the decline of the index of the speed of salivation and increase of viscosity of the oral liquid. Indexes that were studied deteriorate depending on age and degree of caries activity, and reach the maximum in 18-years-old college students. Both, speed of salivation and viscosity of oral liquid were the worst in teenagers with the decompensated degree of caries activity. The received results have to be directed for the development of prophylactic measures at this contingent to increase the resistance of hard tooth tissues for prevention of appearance and development of caries in them.

INFLUENCE OF ALTITUDE ON FLEXIBILITY OF ELITE WRESTLERS GRECO-ROMAN STYLE

It is widely assumed that wrestling is a sport posing high requirements as regards one’s physical qualities strength and endurance. A lot of specialists, however, point out the necessity of harmonious and balanced development of all motor qualities, including flexibility. This research is aimed at wrestlers’ physical preparation and more specifically the dynamics in the physical quality flexibility. We attempted to find out whether altitude influences the manifestation of the physical quality flexibility and to what extent. The research was done among 13 wrestlers from Bulgarian National team, Greco-Roman style, men. We measured the flexibility of the spinal cord and coxofemoral joint during training camps held at low and high altitude. The tests used (Т1, Т2, Т3 and Т4) are easy to be applied. The results were processed statistically and further discussed. It is clear that there were statistically significant differences only along T2, and there was no reliable difference in the results along the rest of the tests - Т1, Т3 and Т4 at a low and high altitude.

Smart Mode of Mechanical Lung Ventilation During Early Activation of Cardiosurgical Patients

Purpose of the study: a comparative assessment of safety and quality of respiratory support carried out using the ASV mode vs. conventional protocol, in which ventilation parameters are set by an ICU physician during early postoperative period in cardiosurgical patients.Materials and methods. The modes of a respiratory support included automated ASV ventilation (40 patients) versus conventional ventilation (38 patients) managed by 8 ICU physicians were compared in a cohort of cardiosurgical patients in a randomized controlled study.The comparison included ventilation parameters, all efforts of physicians to adjust ventilator settings and time it took, duration of respiratory support in ICU, incidence of adverse events in the course of weaning, total time in ICU and hospital, postoperative complications and mortality.Results. There was no reliable difference in the duration of postoperative trachea intubation, which was equal to 267±76 minutes (the ASV group) and 271±80 minutes (the control group).The number of manual adjustments, which was 2 vs. 4 (P<0.00001), and the time spent by a clinical physician near a ventilator, which was 99±35 seconds vs. 166±70 seconds, were reliably lower in the ASV group (P=0.00001).The time between restoration of patient’s own respiratory activity and transfer to the assisted breathing mode was longer in the control group and amounted to 30 (0–90) min. while in the smart mode, the transfer took place immediately after restoration (P=0.004969).When ASV was used, the driving pressure was reliably lower during all phases of respiratory support: ΔP 7.2±1.6 vs. 9.3±2.1 cm H2O, (P=0.000001); there was no reliable difference in the tidal volume: 7.0 (6–8.5) (ASV) vs. 7 (6–10) ml/kg/ideal body mass (the control group).Conclusion. ASV represents a lung-protective ventilation that reduces physician’s time cost and medical staff efforts in ALV management without compromising patient’s safety and respiratory support quality.

ROLE OF THE PERICARDIOSCOPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

In recent years surgical treatment of pericardial effusion has been favoured by mini-invasive interventions. Pericardioscopy supplements it. In the literature actively discusses its expediency, efficiency and informativeness. Aim of the study. Analyze our experience of using pericardioscopy during surgical treatment of pericardial effusion using mini-invasive interventions. Materials and methods. From 2000 to 2017, 92 patients with pericardial effusion were operated in our clinic using mini-invasive interventions. Pericardioscopy was used in 72 (78.26 %) cases. In 32 (44.44 %) pericardioscopy was performed with subxiphoid pericardiotomy, in 40 (55.56 %) – with thoracoscopy on the right or left side. Results and discussion. The use of pericardioscopy has allowed to significantly reduce the number of idiopathic pericarditis from 20.0 % to 5.56 % and increase the informativeness of the minimally invasive interventions by 14.44 % (χ2 = 4.11, with ν = 1, α = 5 %). There is no reliable difference in the number of relapses of the disease. Conclusions. The use of pericardioscopy during mini-invasive interventions is safe and effective. The method of choice in most cases is subxiphoid non-pleural pericardiotomy with pericardioscopy.

STABILITY OF KARYOTYPE OF COWS OF RED POLISH BREED IS TO ACTION OF EXOGENOUS OF FACTORS

The aim of our work was comparison of changeability of karyotype of cows of Red Polish and Ukrainian Red-and-White milk breeds to the action of exogenous of factors – hydrogen sulfide in water. Applied methods: cytogenetic, test "Method of determination of mutagene activity of xenobiotics on Drosophila of melanogaster", statistical. Conducted comparative analysis of changeability of karyotype of cows of Red Polish and Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breeds to the performance of exogenous of factor – hydrogen sulfide in water showed that the animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed the part of dinuclear lymphocytes is more than 3 times higher comparatively with the animals of the Red Polish breed with the statistically reliable difference of averages at P > 0,999. The increase of part of dinuclear lymphocytes in peripheral blood of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed is caused by exogenous factor (by hydrogen sulfide in water). For research of influence of water on the organism of animals the test "Method of determination of mutagene activity of xenobiotics on Drosophila of melanogaster" was conducted. The conducted test showed that at the cultures of Drosophila, grown on the environment prepared on water with the hydrogen sulfide, frequency of post-embryonic lethal mutations presented 25%. Conclusions: For the animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed part of dinuclear lymphocytes more than 3 times higher comparatively with the animals of the Red Polish breed with the statistically reliable difference of averages at P > 0,999. The conducted test "Method of determination of mutagenesis activity of xenobiotics on Drosophila of melanogaster" showed presence of mutagenesis effect of hydrogen sulfide (χ² = 10,23; P > 0,99) but of weak activity. Increase of part of dinuclear lymphocytes in peripheral blood of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White diary breed, in our opinion, caused by exogenous factor (by the hydrogen sulfide in water). The cows of the Red Polish breed are characterized by a mionectic sensitiveness to the mutagene factors and more clearly expressed coadaptation processes.

ECONOMIC-BIOLOGICAL SIGNS OF PIGS OF PAE "DZVENACHE"

The evaluation of the state of heterospecific resistance is conducted, stress stableness, reproductive ability and productivity of pigs of two breeds (large black, n = 30; large white breed. n = 19) in 2013-2016 in PAE "Dzvenache" Kyiv area. In the moment of researches common amount of sows of large white breed - 75, large black breed - 50 chairmen. The population of utricle of pigs of large white breed belonged to 2 lines, large black breed - 4 lines. In both breeds it is distinguished for 5 families. Reproductive ability of sows was estimated from data of опоросів, for the use of data of primary zootechnic account on a form 2-sw. Age of separation of piglets in an economy - 60 days. Haematological researches conducted after the generally accepted methods. Determined the amount of leucocytes of blood, phagocytal activity of leucocytes and intensity of phagocytosis. Blood was taken away for repair piggy-wiggies from an ear vein in age 8 months in the morning to feeding (experienced animals). In quality to the preservative used "Тrilon-B". For the evaluation of a stress status of animals used a eosinophilic test. In the experienced groups of animals studied the productivity and reproductive ability. From 30 animals of large black breed, haematological researches were conducted in which, a 21 chairman was used in a herd; 30 % animals were culled on different reasons. From 19 animals of large white breed, haematological researches were conducted in which, 12 chairmen were used in a herd. There was draft out 37 % animals, among what 68% with the mionectic indexes of heterospecific resistance (appraised as stress sensitive). As a result of complex evaluation of heterospecific resistance of pigs of large white and large black breed in PAE "Dzvenache" is set: an amount of leucocytes the investigational animals of large white breed had within the limits of 7,5 - 16,4 thousands, and for the pigs of large black breed this index was within the limits of 8,2 - 15,6 thousand cages in 1 ml to blood, the amount of eosinophilic granulocytes for the animals of large white breed 1107,2±130 cell/ml presented on the average., and for the animals of large black breed - 610,7±85,7 cell/ml an amount of red corpuscles, for the pigs of large white breed, was within the limits of 4,8 - 6,7 million cages, and for the pigs of large black breed 5,8 - 6,4 million cages in 1 ml of blood. Phagocytal activity (PhA) the investigated animals of large white breed had within the limits of 49 - 54%, and for the animals of large black breed within the limits of 40 - 62%, intensity of phagocytosis (IPh) for the animals of large white breed on the average presented 4,5 odes., and for the animals of large black breed 5,5 odes. Thus, on the indexes of heterospecific firmness of organism of pig of large black breed prevailed the persons of the same age of large white breed. A difference is highly reliable for PhA (Р<0,001), IPh (Р<0,001), a reliable difference is also educed after the amount of eosinophilic granulocytes in 1 ml of blood (Р<0,01). After the eosinophilic test of 56% animals of large white breed were taken to stress stableness, and among the investigated pigs of large black breed, stress stableness animals it was on 12% anymore (Р<0,01). The polycarpousness of sows of large white breed was on the average 10,6±0,14 piglets on опорос, and in the sows of large black breed - 9,5±0,40 piglets on опорос, however, for the sows of large white breed, on 1.8% anymore it was stillborn piglets, that comports with literary data about the high reproduced ability of pigs of large black breed. Among the animals of large white breed it is educed 44% of stress sensitive individuals. From data of analysis of variance force of influence of a stress status on mortinatality presented 38%. (η2х= 0,38; Р< 0,05). Stored of young animals in a suction period the sows of large black breed had higher on 1,8 % than for the sows of large white breed. It we explained by that the animals of large black breed are more proof to stress and have higher indexes of heterospecific resistance. This fact is confirmed by previous researches . After the index of living mass the new-born piglets of large white breed (1,72±0,23) prevailed the persons of the same age of large black breed (1,43±0,31 (Р<0,001)). In age 60 days the substantial is set, statistically reliable, difference after living mass between the piglets of two breeds, so the piglets of large white breed (18,2±0,33) prevailed the persons of the same age of large black breed (16,8 ±0,23) on 1,4 kg (Р<0,001). The educed economic-biological features of pigs of two breeds in the conditions of one economy specify on perspective of large black breed in relation to stored to the sapling/pl and diminishing to departure of piglets in an early period of ontogenesis. At the same time a large white breed prevails after polycarpousness. Thus, in the conditions of economy of PAE "Dzvenache" it is expedient to conduct the interbreed crossing with the purpose of fixing of valuable internalss of educed in breeds and providing of sufficient level of profitability.

Social Competence of Secondary Schools Adolescents

Indicator of social competence of secondary schools adolescent boys and girls aged 15–16 is analyzed in the article. The aim of the investigation is to reveal the level of the indicators of social competence of adolescents aged 15–16 according to their sex. Social competence of secondary schools adolescents aged 15–16 is the object study. 371 adolescents (192 girls and 179 boys) aged 15–16 from secondary schools participated in the study. The results of the research that evaluation of boys and girls from secondary schools according to some level of indicators is different. While comparing distribution of different groups of boys and girls according to the level of indicator of social competence statistically reliable difference was revealed: according to general trust (χ²(2) = 8.76; p < 0.05), resistance to failure and criticism (χ²(2) = 7.57; p < 0.05), ability to express feelings (χ²(2) = 6.84; p < 0.05), ability to ash for help (χ²(2) = 9.08; p < 0.05). The results showed that adolescents boys of secondary schools have a higher level of indicators of general self-confidence (p <0.05), resistance to failure and criticism (p < 0.05) than girls. It was revealed that girls and disposed to express then feelings (p < 0.05) and are able to ask for help more often (p < 0.05) than boys. However evaluation of secondary schools boys and girls statistically reliably was not different according to such indicators of social competence as uncompromise (p > 0.05), ability to demand (p >0.05), not to feel guilty (p > 0.05).

Mirror-image discrimination among nonliterate, monoliterate, and biliterate Tamil subjects

In Danziger & Pederson 1998, the suggestion was made that the discrimination of left/right mirror images from non-reflected images in a part/whole judgment task correlates not just with degree of literacy, but also with the nature of the script in wich the subject is literate. This follow-up study directly addresses this hypothesis by comparing acceptance/rejection responses and the reaction time of these responses among Tamil speakers who were coded for type of literacy (nonliterate, literate only with Tamil script, literate with Tamil and Roman script). There was a reliable difference between the monoliterate and biliterate speakers in that biliterate Tamils were far more likely to reject mirror images than monoliterate Tamils. The critical difference between the monoliterates and biliterates is taken to be whether a graphemic distinction (i.e. a distinction which is symbolically meaningful) between left/right reflections has been acquired.