Changes in soil physical properties under the effect of irrigation

The mechanical composition of soils in the middle reaches of the Zarafshan River (Jambay, Samarkand, Payarik, Ishtikhon, Kattakurgan and Narpay districts) and the processes of formation of soil layers under the influence of irrigation water of general physical properties were scientifically analyzed. In this case, the inflow of the Zarafshan River played an important role in the formation of light agroirrigation strata. An increase in nutrients and humus with an increase in the amount of physical sludge over a long period of time (35–40 years) is positively assessed for thickening of the soil layer, but leads to an increase in bulk mass of 0.15–0.3 g / cm3 and soil compaction.

Estimation of anti-erosion effect of narrow forest belts around illuvial meadows

Novosilskaya zonal agroforestry experimental station was founded in 1921 for development measures to combat water erosion. In the article, the authors carried out the research to identify the soil-protective efficiency of agroforestry-meadow reclamation measures of the anti-erosion complex. The creation of spruce strips around the meadows, on the slope lands of the Glubkovsky dry fields contributed to a radical change in the soil cover: an increase in the humus horizon, the content of humus, and a decrease in the bulk mass. The studied anti-erosion measures had a positive effect on the fertility of illuvial soils.

Influence of ceramic block geometry and mortar coating on the sound reduction of walls

The materials that compose a construction system influence directly the acoustic performance of buildings.In masonry systems, through experiments, the geometry of the blocks and the types of coating were perceived as fundamental factors on the acoustic performance of walls. Therefore, this study intends to enrich the database and promote analysis for the civil construction industry by evaluating the airborne sound reduction of masonry walls composed by ceramic blocks with and without mortar coating. Accordingly, different partitions made of different ceramic blocks were built to determine the performance discrepancies in the partitions’ behavior due to physical characteristics and the influence of the mortar coating. These analyses were made in laboratory. As a result, without coating, the highest sound reduction was observed in the samples with more bulk mass and higher Aliq/At ratio (relationship between the net and gross areas of the ceramic blocks). Then, with the mortar coating, the coating improved the sound reduction. Moreover, the bulk mass was the most influential characteristic in comparison to the Aliq/At ratio, even though the best results were obtained in the samples with higher Aliq/At ratios.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME COMMODITY CHARACTERISTICS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GRAY AND BLACK ALDER LEAVES

The article contains the results of studying a number of technological factors: bulk mass, bulk mass, specific gravity, porosity, free volume of the raw material layer, extractant absorption coefficients; as well as data on the analysis of some numerical quality indicators (humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in 10% solution of hydrochloric acid 10%) of gray and black alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench и A. Glutinosa (L.) Gaerth ) leaves harvested in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. The obtained data are planned to be taken into account in the technological process of production of extraction preparations from the leaves of gray and black alder.

The Clockwork Standard Model

We consider various bulk fields with general dilaton couplings in the linear dilaton background in five dimensions as the continuum limit of clockwork models. We show that the localization of the zero modes of bulk fields and the mass gap in the KK spectrum depend not only on the bulk dilaton coupling, but also on the bulk mass parameter in the case of a bulk fermion. The consistency from universality and perturbativity of gauge couplings constrain the dilaton couplings to the brane-localized matter fields as well as the bulk gauge bosons. Constructing the Clockwork Standard Model (SM) in the linear dilaton background, we provide the necessary conditions for the bulk mass parameters for explaining the mass hierarchy and mixing for the SM fermions. We can introduce a sizable expansion parameter ε = $$ {e}^{-\frac{2}{3}{kz}_c} $$ e − 2 3 kz c for the realistic flavor structure in the quark sector without a fine-tuning in the bulk mass parameters, but at the expense of a large 5D Planck scale. On the other hand, we can use a smaller expansion parameter for lepton masses, in favor of the solution to the hierarchy problem of the Higgs mass parameter. We found that massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge bosons and massive KK gravitons couple more strongly to light and heavy fermions, respectively, so there is a complementarity in the resonance researches for those KK modes at the LHC.

PENENTUAN KEBUNDARAN, EKSENTRISITAS, ASPEK RASIO, DENSITAS CURAH, POROSITAS, DAN VOLUME RELATIF KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Kebundaran (roundness), eksentrisitas, aspek rasio, densitas curah (bulk density), porositas dan volume relatif merupakan beberapa sifat fisik bahan pertanian yang sangat penting. Pentingnya sifat-sifat ini berkaitan dengan perancangan dan proses pengolahannya. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menentukan dimensi dan bentuk (roundness, eksentrisitas, dan aspek rasio), bulk density, dan porositas dari kentang, dimana kentang merupakan salah satu bahan pertanian yang digolongkan sebagai sayuran. Kentang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena terkandung komponen-komponen yang diperlukan tubuh, seperti karbohidrat, protein, dan komposisi lainnya. Penentuan sifat dimensi dan bentuk menggunakan alat jangka sorong dengan parameter diameter dan jari-jari dari kentang. Bulk density kentang ditentukan dengan perbandingan bulk mass (massa curah) dari kentang dengan volumenya. Sedangkan porositas ditentukan dengan perbandingan bulk density dan densitas bahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh data bahwa kentang memiliki kebundaran, aspek rasio, kelonjongan, densitas curah, porositas, dan volume relatif masing-masing sebesar 0.45, 0.88, 0.59, 0.49 g.cm-3, dan 0.55, dan 0.45. Data tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai informasi awal dalam desain dan perancangan alat pengolahan kentang.

Evaluation of the Bulk Mass Flux Formulation Using Large-Eddy Simulations

In this study, bulk mass flux formulations for turbulent fluxes are evaluated for shallow and deep convection using large-eddy simulation data. The bulk mass flux approximation neglects two sources of variability: the interobject variability due to differences between the average properties of different cloud objects, and the intraobject variability due to perturbations within each cloud object. Using a simple cloud–environment decomposition, the interobject and intraobject contributions to the heat flux are comparable in magnitude with that from the bulk mass flux approximation, but do not share a similar vertical distribution, and so cannot be parameterized with a rescaling method. A downgradient assumption is also not appropriate to parameterize the neglected flux contributions because a nonnegligible part is associated with nonlocal buoyant structures. A spectral analysis further suggests the presence of fine structures within the clouds. These points motivate investigations in which the vertical transports are decomposed based on the distribution of vertical velocity. As a result, a “core-cloak” conceptual model is proposed to improve the representation of total vertical fluxes, composed of a strong and a weak draft for both the updrafts and downdrafts. It is shown that the core-cloak representation can well capture the magnitude and vertical distribution of heat and moisture fluxes for both shallow and deep convection.