Estimation of anti-erosion effect of narrow forest belts around illuvial meadows

2021 ◽  
pp. 823-827
Author(s):  
N.N. Dubenok ◽  
A.I. Petelko ◽  
A.I. Petelko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Bulk Mass ◽  
Erosion Effect ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Positive Effect

Novosilskaya zonal agroforestry experimental station was founded in 1921 for development measures to combat water erosion. In the article, the authors carried out the research to identify the soil-protective efficiency of agroforestry-meadow reclamation measures of the anti-erosion complex. The creation of spruce strips around the meadows, on the slope lands of the Glubkovsky dry fields contributed to a radical change in the soil cover: an increase in the humus horizon, the content of humus, and a decrease in the bulk mass. The studied anti-erosion measures had a positive effect on the fertility of illuvial soils.

scholarly journals Study of thickness of humus profiles of gray forest and chernozem soils of different terms of agricultural use in landscape shrubs of the central forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalyova ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova ◽  
Olga Kuzmina ◽  
Yuri Breslavets ◽  
Alexey Teteryadchenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Humus Profile ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Leaved Forest

The article presents the results of a field study of the thickness of the humus profiles of gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems of dif-ferent terms of agricultural use of soil catens of broad-leaved-forest (background) and meadow-steppe areas of the Belgorod region. The work was carried out in the spring and summer period 2018-2019. The objects of the study were different-aged arable plots with the age of agricultural development of 100 and 160 years, respectively. The steepness of the surface on the plots did not exceed 5-60. It is established that the thickness of humus profile under the influence of agricultural cultivation during 60 years has decreased by 49 cm, at that on the slopes of northern exposition this index is more expressed (33 cm) than on the slopes of southern exposition (16 cm). It is possible, to note, that with increase of age of agricultural use on slopes of northern and southern expositions the greatest thickness of humus horizon is observed on anomalous soils (72 and 65 sm accordingly). Within the background catens the soil cover is homogeneous, the second humus horizon was observed in each of the studied transects.

scholarly journals Relationship Among Crop Systems, Soil Cover, and Water Erosion on a Typic Hapludox

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Terra Lima ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
John Norman Quinton ◽  
Pedro Velloso Gomes Batista ◽  
Bernardo Moreira Cândido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Erosion

scholarly journals Application of digital technologies in the study of water erosion of soils in Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
D. A. Savelieva ◽  
V. K. Kalichkin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing

The analysis of the study of water erosion of soils on the territory of the West Siberian Plain using geo-information technologies (GIS) and Earth remote sensing was carried out. It is shown that GIS and Earth remote sensing are not widely used in erosion studies in Western Siberia and are used by a limited number of modern researchers. However, the use of digital technologies in this area is characterized by the coverage of almost the full range of their capabilities and functions: digital mapping, the formation of spatially-distributed thematic databases, monitoring, space-time analysis, modeling, automated mapping. The bulk of such research is concentrated mainly within the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, in the Altai Territory, and to a lesser extent in the Tomsk and Kemerovo regions. Digital technologies for studying water erosion in Western Siberia are more often used to study the dependence of water erosion on its determining factors (mainly topography), the effect of water erosion on soils and soil cover, in morphometric analysis of the relief, land classifi cation and mapping. The problem of remote monitoring of the temporal dynamics of water erosion and related changes in topography, soil cover, soil properties, etc. is practically not dealt with. The issues of geoinformational modeling of water erosion in terms of elaboration of detail and scale, and coverage of a larger number of areas require further development. When modeling water erosion, the nature of surface runoff is not always taken into account. The approach to the selection of criteria for the assessment of erosional land at different scales of their mapping is not entirely clear. It remains an open question to develop a methodology for the automated calculation of standards for permissible erosional losses of soil. In general, the use of Earth remote sensing and GIS facilities in the study of water erosion in the soils of Western Siberia is not systematic and comprehensive. This is confi rmed by the presence of a number of problems in the study of water erosion in the given area, which requires a digital approach to their solution.

scholarly journals Water Erosion in the Moulouya Watershed and its Impact on Dams' Siltation (Eastern Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Sbai ◽  
Omar Mouadili ◽  
Mohamed Hlal ◽  
Khadija Benrbia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Mazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Eastern Morocco ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
Specific Degradation ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Soil Losses

Abstract. The Moulouya watershed presents high risks of water erosion. The dams built on this river lose each year, by siltation, a volume of water of about 10 M m3 (Lahlou, 1994). This worrying rate shows that water erosion can hinder the socio-economic development of the basin if soil protection and siltation measures are not taken. This study defines the areas most threatened by water erosion to protect them as a priority. Using a GIS and the Universal Earth Loss Equation (USLE), we mapped soil losses. The adopted model determines soil loss from erosivity of rainfall, soil erodibility, inclination and slope length, soil cover, and erosion control practices. The possible origins of the deposits alluviating the dams are related to the products of alteration of the Secondary's carbonate formations and the Tertiary and Quaternary formations. The modalities of the transport of deposits of banks of the network of Moulouya are mainly by a suspension. The specific degradation in the Moulouya watershed is estimated at 214 t/km2/year. Precipitation intensity, steep slopes and deforestation are responsible for these losses.

scholarly journals Suggestions on increasing the germination seeds of pasture fodder plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 04033
Author(s):  
Bakhadir Mirzaev ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Bakhtiyor Tulaganov ◽  
Amir Sadirov ◽  
Rustam Khudayqulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the problems in the seed production of pasture forage plants is low seed germination. Existing pasture improvement technologies and technical means for seed production, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and storage of pasture forage plants are analysed. Suggestions for improving seed germination have been developed: it is advisable to place the seed crops between the forest belts; to improve seed germination, it is necessary to make a preliminary harvest of seed crops with spreading the mass on the stubble; the mechanised collection of seed heaps using a rotary mower with an active heap separator increases the germination rate by reducing mechanical damage to the seeds and enriching the soil with organic matter; the seed sowing process has a positive effect on the germination rate of the seed produced, in addition to reducing cleaning costs.

scholarly journals Soil Management Effects on Soil Water Erosion and Runoff in Central Syria—A Comparative Evaluation of General Linear Model and Random Forest Regression

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan Mohammed ◽  
Ali Al-Ebraheem ◽  
Imre J. Holb ◽  
Karam Alsafadi ◽  
Mohammad Dikkeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Significant Difference

The Mediterranean part of Syria is affected by soil water erosion due to poor land management. Within this context, the main aim of this research was to track soil erosion and runoff after each rainy storm between September 2013 and April 2014 (rainy season), on two slopes with different gradients (4.7%; 10.3%), under three soil cover types (SCTs): bare soil (BS), metal sieve cover (MC), and strip cropping (SC), in Central Syria. Two statistical multivariate models, the general linear model (GLM), and the random forest regression (RFR) were applied to reveal the importance of SCTs. Our results reveal that higher erosion rate, as well as runoff, were recorded in BS followed by MC, and SC. Accordingly, soil cover had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on soil erosion, and no significant difference was detected between MC and SC. Different combinations of slopes and soil cover had no effect on erosion, at least in this experiment. RFR performed better than GLM in predictions. GLM’s median of mean absolute error was 21% worse than RFR. Nonetheless, 25 repetitions of 2-fold cross-validation ensured the highest available prediction accuracy for RFR. In conclusion, we revealed that runoff, rain intensity and soil cover were the most important factors in erosion.

scholarly journals Effects of wood chip amendments on the revegetation performance of plant species on eroded marly terrains in a Mediterranean mountainous climate (Southern Alps, France)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Breton ◽  
Y. Crosaz ◽  
F. Rey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Abstract. The establishment of plant species can limit soil erosion dynamics in degraded lands. In marly areas in the Southern French Alps, both harsh water erosion and drought conditions in summer due to the Mediterranean mountainous climate prevent the natural implementation and rege neration of vegetation. Soil fertility improvement is sometimes necessary. With the purpose of revegetating such areas, we aimed to evaluate the effects of wood chip amendments on the revegetation performance of different native or sub-spontaneous plant species. We conducted two experiments on steep slopes over three growing seasons (2012–2014). The first consisted of planting seedlings (ten species), the second consisted of seeding (nine species including six used in the first experiment). First we noted that wood chips were able to remain in place even in steep slope conditions. The planting of seedlings showed both an impact of wood chip amendment and differences between species. A positive effect of wood chips was shown with overall improvement of plant survival (increasing by 11% on average, by up to 50% for some species). In the seeding experiment, no plants survived after three growing seasons. However, intermediate results for the 1st and 2nd years showed a positive effect of wood chips on seedling emergence: seeds of four species only sprouted on wood chips, and for the five other species the average emergence rate increased by 50%.

scholarly journals Effects of wood chip amendments on the revegetation performance of plant species on eroded marly terrains in a Mediterranean mountainous climate (Southern Alps, France)

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Breton ◽  
Yves Crosaz ◽  
Freddy Rey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Abstract. The establishment of plant species can limit soil erosion dynamics in degraded lands. In marly areas in the Southern French Alps, both harsh water erosion and drought conditions in summer due to the Mediterranean mountainous climate prevent the natural implementation and regeneration of vegetation. Soil fertility improvement is sometimes necessary. With the purpose of revegetating such areas, we aimed to evaluate the effects of wood chip amendments on the revegetation performance of different native or sub-spontaneous plant species. We conducted two experiments on steep slopes over three growing seasons (2012–2014). The first consisted of planting seedlings (10 species), and the second consisted of seeding (nine species including six used in the first experiment). First we noted that wood chips were able to remain in place even in steep slope conditions. The planting of seedlings showed both an impact of wood chip amendment and differences between species. A positive effect of wood chips was shown with overall improvement of plant survival (increasing by 11 % on average, by up to 50 % for some species). In the seeding experiment, no plants survived after three growing seasons. However, intermediate results for the first and second years showed a positive effect of wood chips on seedling emergence: seeds of four species only sprouted on wood chips, and for the five other species the average emergence rate increased by 50 %.

scholarly journals The influence of bioorganic nanofertilizer on spring barley and oilseed rape productivity and economical effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Spruogis ◽  
Elena Jakienė ◽  
Anželika Dautartė ◽  
Romualdas Zemeckis
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Spring Rape

Fertilizing field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2014–2015. Spring rape and spring barley with under-crop, perennial grass in the 1st year of use, and winter wheat were grown in four-field crop rotation. The experiment aim was to evaluate the influence of fertilizer on spring barley and on oilseed rape applying bioorganic nanofertilizers (BNF) and N60P60K70. The spring barley breed ‘Luokė’ and the oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’ were grown for the experiment. The research showed that N60P60K70 and BNF had a positive effect on the yield of spring barley ‘Luokė’ and of oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’. The spring barley grain yield increased from 6.8 to 16.3% and the oilseed rape seed yield increased from 8.1 to 23.3% compared to the control. The best yields were obtained fertilizing with N60P60K70 and BNF rate 1.0 l ha–1 and spraying twice. Fertilization with N60P60K70 and BNF 1.0 l ha–1 sprayed twice increased the crude protein content in grains by 0.51%. Fertilization with N60P60K70 and BNF solutions significantly increased the yield of spring barley grain and straw and improved the grain quality, positively influenced 1 000 grain weight, sprouting energy and germination. Application of N60P60K70 and BNF for barley is economically beneficial because it gave the highest profit compared to other options, 158.10 € ha–1. The premium yield of spring rape, sprayed with BNF 1.0 l ha–1 solution twice, was higher by 89.92 € ha–1 than that of the oilseed rape sprayed once. Application of N60P60K70 and BNF on oilseed rape is economically beneficial because it gave the highest profit compared with other options, 172.90 € ha–1.

scholarly journals No-tillage implementation: Analyzis on water-based sediment flow in the Marombas River, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Eder A. S. Sá ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Silvio L. Rafaeli Neto ◽  
Daiane T. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sediment Flow ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water erosion is influenced by climate, soil, soil cover and soil conservation practices. These factors can be modified by natural (especially climate) and/or anthropogenic (especially soil, soil cover and conservation practices) actions. The relief factor also influences the water erosion and can also be partially modified by anthropic action. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic action due to the introduction of soil crop in no-tillage system on water erosion, and on the consequent flow of sediments in the water. The study was carried out in the Marombas river basin with an area of 3,939 km², using the Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The calibration and validation of the model for sediment production was carried out with a historical series of synthetic data. The data from this series were estimated by linear regression from sediment value load and the average daily flow obtained punctually in the basin’s outlet. The SWAT model was calibrated on a daily scale with data from 1979 to 1989 and was validated with data from 1994 and 1997. The SWAT model was suitable to represent the average daily flow and sediment flow in the Marombas watershed. The hypothesis of reduced sediment production with increasing soil crop in no-tillage system was accepted.

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