Family Values in South Korean Society: Marital and Sexual Values in Gender, Age, and Protestantism Contexts

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in marital and sexual values according to gender, age, and Protestantism contexts using the 2012 and 2018 Korea General Social Surveys. Samples for marital values were from the 2012 survey (N=797 adults aged 20 and over), and those for sexual values were from the 2018 survey (N=550 adults aged 20 and over). There were four domains in marital values (happiness, child, cohabitation, and divorce) and three domains in sexual values (premarital intercourse, extramarital intercourse, and same-sex intercourse). We applied ANCOVA and post hoc analysis to examine the differences in each domain via gender, age, and Protestantism contexts. Results on marital values did not show significant interactions between gender, age group, and Protestantism contexts, while age differences were consistently significant in all domains of marital values. In results about sexual values, there were significant interactions between gender, age, and Protestantism contexts in all domains of sexual values. The findings of this study may promote an understanding of the dynamics and diversity of Korean contexts on marital and sexual values.

Upgrading the institution of family through the lens of its structural and functional modifications

Subject. As the social life transforms, the institution of family is getting more modern and demonstrates new forms and changes in the principal functions. The process induces the emergence of various social problems associated with the economic and financial status of family, psychoemotional tensions, asocial behavior of parents and children. Objectives. We herein analyze modernization processes of the institution of family as the social life transforms, and evaluate it in terms of its structural and functional changes. The study offers specific actions to be performed for strengthening the institution of family. Methods. The study is based on a set of general scientific methods, including logic, systems, comparative, functional, statistical and sociological analysis. Results. Development processes of family are shows to be controversial in the Russian society. They are not always definite, demonstrating some differences. As the market relations and private ownership rapidly evolve, many family values, traditions and standards perish, while new one being just in their infancy. Marital relations, institutions of kinship, parenthood go beyond the idea of family, thus ultimately loosing family values, which used to be very significant. In new socio-economic circumstances, family serves for many various purposes, which often diverge from traditional ones. Conclusions and Relevance. In Russia, the modern family undergoes the modernization process. Family acquires new forms and changes its key functions, which should be further studied. Marital relations, institutions of kinship, parenthood go beyond the idea of family, thus ultimately undermining marital values, which used to be very important. Family dysfunctions, unstable relationships of spouses can be seen in both wealthy and less financial protected families. To support and strengthen the institution of family, we propose specific socio-economic, socio-psychological and socio-medical actions.

THE MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF OLD BELIEVERS IN UKRAINE AND THE POLITICAL REGIME MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19 THE – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

The article discusses the features of the policy of the Russian Empire on the marital relationships of the Old Belivers in the 19th- the early 20th centuries. The issues of liberalisation, abandon oppression and harassment by government agencies. Attempts of improper activity of the government and the church to destroy the values of the Old Believers are considered. These are, in particular, family and marital values. These values are indispensable elements of the social structure of a community. Marital relations were considered the main social institution that preserved the tolerance of society. Particular attention was focused on the equalization of rights between the Old Believers and the Orthodox Christians on the part of the government and the church. The analysis highlights that apartness and matrimony were the main elements of the faith tradition of the Old Believers. The article shows that the laws of the Russian Empire influenced the mating and sexual behaviour of Old Believers. The gender perspective met the requirements of the agrarian aristocracy and this aspect was considered in action. Historically, the role of women in different spheres of society has gradually changed. Women could take on male work responsibilities, for example, as a business environment or judicial functions. On the topic of family education of Old Believers, this issue is subordinated to religious beliefs. Education children was a top priority for men. There were erudition, a high knowledge of religious literature, quotation, the lives of foremost saints and other important knowledge of the Old Believers and their children. This article analyzes cross-marriages between Old Believers and Orthodox Christians, but this was an exception. Endogamy was a major component of wed. People got married with the consent of their parents, while a significant other had to be an Old Believer and live in your or a neighboring village.

SEPARATE RESULTS OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FACTORS OF FAMILY DETERMINANTS IN PERSONAL CRISES

The article presents a typological model of the psychological and pedagogical factors of family determination of personal crises. The main groups of psychological and pedagogical factors of family determinants of personality life construction and crisis experience formation have been determined, and namely: factors of constructive mode, strategic mode, and functional mode; whereas psychological and pedagogical factors of the constructive mode are ensured by the action of humanistic value factors, accumulative value factors; constructive balance factors; goal-setting value factors; problem-oriented factors; subjective and vital factors; creative and constructive factors. Factors of strategic mode include reflexive and existential factors (determining an ability of an individual or a community to track phenomena, to understand their essence, to learn existential values); experience and historical factors (determining standardized behavioural patterns of an individual, family, nation, those patterns having fostered their survival in a certain historical period); cultural and traditional factors (determining local and global heritage, the achievements of a society in the material and spiritual segments of existence and their manifestation in the life of an individual, family, nation, and humanity); spiritual and religious factors (characterizing basic spiritual values of an individual and family regarding the role and place of a human in the world, as individuals, as men and women inter-connected and inter-related with the Absolute. Functional psychological and pedagogical factors are primarily ensuring the consistency of marital values (in the parental and own family), the consistency of values (family values and those individually acquired) with the traditional values of a particular nation (or nations), which ethos the specific individual is representing; the consistency of values (family values and those individually acquired) with the situational values of a particular community and society in a particular time and space. The results of an empirical study of the effects of psychological and pedagogical factors of family determination on the nature of overcoming personal crises of different etiology in target samples are presented. Correlation relationships between groups of strategic factors are determined. Based on the research data, peculiarities of influence of psychological and pedagogical factors of family determinants on a personal life design along three research vectors are identified: transgenerational, intergenerational, and individual. The specific features of sensitivity in selected supportive and crisis families to the types of psychological and pedagogical factors of family determinants in crises periods are revealed.

On Efficient Causation for Homosexual Behaviours among Traditional Africans: An Exploration of the Traditional Yoruba Model

In the face of the recent backlashes against homosexual persons in Africa, on the ground that the phenomenon is un-African and/or threat to procreation and marital values, it is pertinent to review the discourse in the light of how ancient Africans perceived the reality. This is imperative given the lack of consensus on the part of scientists to disinter a conclusive finding on what causes homosexual behaviours among humans. In this research, I employ traditional Yorùbá philosophy to provide a plausible justification for homosexuality among the people. In the face of this justification via Yorùbá folklore, I find that there is no documented evidence among the ancient Yorùbá that is suggestive of discrimination and stigmatization of homosexuals and inter-sex persons. As homosexual persons were respected but not criminalized, this study recommends the regurgitation of this outlook in the contemporaneous dealings with homosexual persons, beginning with the repealing of the Same-Sex Marriage Prohibition Act of 2014 in Nigeria, which is inconsistent with African values and outlooks on the subject.

Ketahanan Keluarga dan Kontribusinya Bagi Penanggulangan Faktor Terjadinya Perceraian

<p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Faktor ketidak harmonisan di dalam keluarga menjadi salah satu sebab terjadinya perceraian keluarga. Ketidak harmonisan keluarga ini disebabkan oleh adanya pergeseran nilai perkawinan. Pasangan suami istri kurang memahami esensi tujuan pernikahan dan berkeluarga yang menjadi salah satu nilai dalam ketahanan keluarga. Hal itu menyebabkan adanya ketidakcocokan, perselisihan, akhlak yang buruk, cemburu dan gangguan fihak luar serta adanya faktor ekonomi. </strong><strong>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data sekunder berupa data dari Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan. Hasil kajian nya ialah (1). </strong><strong>Diperlukan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang ketahanan keluarga agar setiap individu pasangan memahami konsep dan tujuan berumah tangga. (2). Optimalisasi lembaga BP4 dalam menjembatani penyelesaian konflik rumah tangga.</strong> <strong>(</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>. Penguatan</strong><strong> </strong><strong>sendi keluarga dari berbagai aspek baik ekonomi maupun sosial dan lainnya agar dapat meminimalisir tingkat perceraian.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>ata Kunci</em></strong> – <em>Ketahanan keluarga, faktor cerai, pernikahan</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> <strong>- Factors of disharmony in the family became one of the causes of family divorce. This family harmony is caused by a shift in marital values. Married couples lack understanding of the essence of the purpose of marriage and family which became one of the values in family resilience. It causes discrepancies, disputes, bad morals, jealousy and external interference and economic factors. This research used qualitative method. This research also used secondary data in the form of data from South Jakarta Religious Court. The results of study are (1). understanding of family resilience is needed so that each individual couple understand the concept and purpose of marriage, (2). Optimization of BP4 institutions in mediator the settlement of domestic conflict.</strong><strong> (3). Strengthening family bond in every aspect (economy, social, etc) to decrease the divorce rate. </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>-</strong><strong> </strong><em>Family resilience, divorce facto, marriage</em></p>

Mothers' Nonauthoritarian Child-Rearing Attitudes in Early Childhood and Children's Adult Values

This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine links between mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes, assessed when children were aged 5, and children's values at age 30 (antiracism, right-wing beliefs, support for authority, support for traditional marital values, support for working mothers, political cynicism, environmentalism, and support for the work ethic). Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes were positively related to cohort members' antiracism and environmentalism, and were negatively related to cohort members' support for authority, support for traditional marital values, and support for the work ethic even after mothers' values (liberalism and support for working mothers) and known early (parental social class, socioeconomic disadvantage, family structure, general ability, and emotional and behavioral problems) and concurrent (social class, partner status, religiosity, self-reported physical health, and depressed mood) confounding factors were controlled for.