ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ХАКАТОН-ЕКОСИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ФОРСАЙТУ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ МОЛОДІ: МАСШТАБИ, СТРУКТУРА ТА ФУНКЦІЇ

This article is an attempt to explore the opportunities of using the Hackathon ecosystem tools to perform a quality forecasting of a wide range of youth employment issues. It is observed that despite vast experience of psychological training in higher education institutions based on the transformation of self-awareness, shaping professional perceptions related to changes in professional knowledge of professional occupation as it is, its object, professional community, etc., modern University realia lack targeted management efforts towards developing job-related skills as well as comprehensive assessment of their changing trends in the process of professional enhancement of students’ self-consciousness. At best, specific good practice of individual specialists is used, often without its interpretation by teachers and psychologists and beyond the scope of systemic analysis of the research issues. All this challenges an impetus to further studies on developing professional self-awareness of future specialists and encourages active implementation of the Hackathon ecosystem tools to render a foresight on youth secondary employment and self-employment at the level of University as well as in a regional setting. To attain the research agenda, the study employed the following general and special research methods: a system analysis method, an analytical grouping technique, comparative analysis, and dynamic and graph series construction. To summarise the research outcomes and to prepare a proposal draft on the opportunities to use the Hackathon ecosystem for offering a foresight on youth secondary employment and self-employment, the methods of abstract logical analysis and content analysis were used. Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design was chosen as the basis for this study. A questionnaire was chosen as a method of sociological research on student secondary employment. As a research toolkit, two questionnaires were developed: for students and for graduates. The study suggests using the Hackathon ecosystem to perform a foresight on student secondary employment and self-employment as a model to promote professional socialization of Ukrainian youth. According to the research findings, it is argued that there are three trajectories of student secondary employment: spontaneously formed (a good high paying job offered by chance), planned (targeted search for secondary employment according to the study major to gain professional competencies and work experience) and forced (employment to improve or maintain financial and economic well-being, usually beyond the education profile). An emphasis is put that secondary employment for Ukrainian students is not only the way to gain work experience and an extra pay opportunity but also an instrument of student professionalization. It is concluded that the terms and nature of secondary employment affect the professionalization effectiveness where gaining work experience, building professional contacts and employment prospects after graduation are viewed as a benefit for a wider student youth involvement in secondary employment.

СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ХАКАТОН-ЕКОСИСТЕМИ ВТОРИННОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ МОЛОДІ ЯК ФАКТОРА ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The article is an attempt to find new tools to boost youth motivation to secondary employment. The study notes that modern multi-vector (multi-dimensional) processes of updating the higher education system in Ukraine challenge the need for reforming higher education. The above verifies that currently, the biggest demand is primarily for competitive graduates who can independently build their own professional career trajectory, who are able to handle a large amount of information, think critically, demonstrate a high level of adaptability to permanently changing social environment and labor market demands, have developed communication skills, are able to learn throughout the life, are ready to expand management functions and are able to predict the results of their activities. The theoretical and methodological framework of this study involves systemic, structural and functional, economic and sociological and the resource-based approaches. A systemic approach was used to gain an overview and build an overall description of the researched phenomenon; structural and functional approach was applied to provide insights into the functional character of secondary employment, and the resource-based approach – to specify the opportunities for students to combine study and work. It is argued that the use of the Hackathon ecosystem enables to identify the possible outcomes of combining work and study for social and personal development of student youth along with getting better awareness of specific functions of youth secondary employment. Within the scope of this research, the following indicators were employed: the motivation behind secondary employment of student youth, performance assessment as realization of students’ expectations from employment, and the evaluation of the current job significance for mastering a future profession. A motivation hierarchy for secondary student employment has been identified where money is viewed as the key motivator whereas occupational incentives are perceived as less important. As it observed, this hierarchy demonstrates a relative stability in recent years against the falling trend for the significance of the early start of professional career for working students. In addition, the study provides a robust argument to substantiate the demarcation between pragmatics- and occupation-based incentives of student secondary employment. The findings have revealed a rather high realization level of financial expectations of many working students (as a manifestation of the key economic function of student youth employment); a certain devaluation of the work experience role for student secondary employment as their competitive advantage in the area of social and labor relations; as well as low effectiveness of the majority of working students for their further professionalization. However, the results of the study have verified critical effects of any work experience upon shaping basic work culture for this youth category. Apart from the above, the paper discusses the relevance of implementing professionalization agenda in the framework of student secondary employment as well as renders practical recommendations for its enhancement. The study results offer a number of implications to develop further theoretical positions and accumulate empirical data to promote quality assurance in vocational education and training institutions.

Not only experience of secondary employment at university: role of higher education in reducing labor precarization of young specialists

Introduction. In the context of the instability of the labor market affected by the pandemic, the interest of the state and society to the problem of deregulation of labor relations is increasing. One of the most vulnerable social groups is young professionals who have just graduated from university and do not have significant experience of interacting with employers. The purpose of the article is to study the processes of precarization of youth employment by assessing and identifying the orientation of professional and educational trajectories of university graduates belonging to the precariat in the context of their failure or success. Materials and methods. The monitoring of university graduates employed in the Ural region and beyond in 2018-2021 is used. The empirical material includes survey data (5213 full-time bachelors and masters) and administrative data. Methods of classification and factor analysis (allocation of the principal components) are applied. Results. The classification of the precariat (34.3% in the graduation structure) is proposed, including freelancers (0.9%), IT specialists (6.9%) employed on a part-time basis (6.5%), foreign students (1.5%) continuing their studies from among the unemployed (7.0%), unemployed graduates (8.6%), graduates employed in outsourcing and a mixed type of the listed groups (2.9%). Three groups of factors determining the specifics of the formation of the precariat among young professionals were identified: external factors – (1) the rate in the behavior strategy for rapid integration in the labor market (the significance of the high salary factor = 0.683); (2) the development of a career trajectory (the significance of the factor of having subordinates = 0.784, significance of having a managerial position = 0.722); internal factors – (3) orientation to self-realization in professional activity, deepening of competencies (the significance of the factor of continuing training = 0.648). Secondary employment at the university helps graduates immediately after graduation to reduce the risk of unemployment, to achieve faster integration in the labor market (among employed precariates – 85% combined work and study at the university, among the unemployed the share was 63%), but it is not a differentiating factor in determining the principal components. The focus of higher education (in particular, IT specialties, mathematics and engineering) largely determines the financial success in the group of unstable employees. Conclusions. In the modern conditions of the labor market, the precariat cannot strictly be called an unsuccessful social group. The advantage of the unstable employed graduates is that they are able to adapt to the uncertainty of the labor market by choosing flexible forms of employment, sometimes even without losing in wages, career trajectory, enhancement of their competencies, constantly updating knowledge, skills, self-realization in professional activity.

Rights And Responsibilities In The Labor Market Based On The Platform Economy

Platform employment is a dynamically developing flexible format that can play the role of both primary and secondary employment. Although the available statistics do not allow us to accurately estimate the size of this segment of the economy, we can talk about its large-scale growth, as well as the number of people involved and turnover. The platforms are intermediaries and assistants in the process of providing services. Without employers, they would now become an integral part of the labor market infrastructure. In fact, platforms perform the function of matching supply and demand, and in this sense, they do not hire employees, but serve them themselves and create a convenient platform for clients and clients to find work. In this context, when using platforms, platforms should be seen as partners offering services in the ecosystem they have created.

Understanding Internships for Transition-Age Students With Disabilities

Secondary educators implement an array of work-based learning activities that expose transition-age students to the demands of post-secondary employment. One such strategy, internships, provides students with a formal opportunity to acquire transferable employment skills that lead to meaningful post-secondary employment outcomes. Facilitating internships for transition-aged students with disabilities, however, presents challenges for educators because internships often involve complicated and sometimes ambiguous labor laws, regulations, and provisions. This article provides secondary educators with information about how to facilitate unpaid and paid internships for students with disabilities that align with requirements established by the Fair Labor Standards Act. The article provides a case study to illustrate how schools can develop both unpaid and paid internships and concludes with recommendations for best practices.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Hungarian High School Teachers

The extensive availability of internet has led to the the recognition of problematic internet use (so called internet addiction, IA) mostly involving adolescents. There is limited data about the prevalence of IA in adults. Here we present a study focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among high school teachers. Overall 2500 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 1817 responses received (response rate of 72.7%). In our study 1194 females (65.7%) and 623 males (34.3%) participated. In a multivariate analysis including of all factors (demographic data, internet habits, comorbidity etc.) age <35 years (OR: 6.098, CI: 5.09–7.08, p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 5.413, CI: 4.39–6.18, p = 0.002), surfing on the internet > 5 h daily (OR 2.568, CI: 2.03–3.39, p < 0.001), having no children (OR: 1.353, CI: 1.13–1.99, p = 0.0248), and having secondary employment (OR = 11.377, CI: 8.67–13.07, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with internet addiction. This is the first study from Hungary showing the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among high school teachers. A small, but significant proportion suffered from IA. Our study also draws attention to the risk factors of IA such as younger age, family status and working type.

The history of research and development of the Yamal region by student construction units of the USSR (1950—1970)

Rational proposals for the development of the Arctic region came not only from scientists from research institutes, but also from other specialists. A large number of hypotheses and proposals for the development of the Arctic regions of the USSR were considered. At the same time, the emphasis was made on the construction of transport hubs, including cargo-forming and storage facilities with large industrial centers in Yamal. Student construction units came to the aid of the government. Construction teams were an effective way to provide secondary employment for young people, organize leisure life, the opportunity for creative activity through the self-realization of ideas and the inclusion of youth in creative work.

Social identification factors of managers and entrepreneurs

The social identification of managers is divided into deep and shallow. The authors give the comparative analysis of the social identification of managers and entrepreneurs through its types, as well as through the determination of these types by various factors. Among entrepreneurs, the shares of those who have and those who do not have a conscious, deep identification with their social and professional group are approximately the same. The same situation is among managers. In addition, the authors studied the influence of gender, age, material situation, level of education, secondary employment and other factors on the determined types. Gender does not affect these types of social identification. The real factors also include the additional work, age, the use of competencies, satisfaction with the results of activities and membership in professional associations.

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Internet Addiction Among Hungarian High School Teachers

The extensive availability of internet has led to the the recognition of problematic internet use (so called internet addiction, IA) mostly involving adolescents. There is insufficient data about the prevalence of IA in adults. Here we present a study focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among high school teachers.Overall 2500 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 1817 responses received (response rate of 72.7%). 1194 females (65.7%) and 623 males (34.3%) participated in our study.In a multivariate analysis including of all factors (demographic data, internet habits, comorbidity etc) age < 35 years (OR: 6.098, CI: 5.09-7.08, p<0.001), male gender (OR=5.413, CI: 4.39-6.18, p=0.002), surfing on the internet > 5 hours daily (OR 2.568, CI: 2.03-3.39, p<0.001), having no children (OR: 1.353, CI: 1.13-1.99, p=0.0248), and having secondary employment (OR=11.377, CI: 8.67-13.07, p=0.001) were significantly associated with internet addiction.This is the first study from Hungary showing the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction among high school teachers. A small, but significant proportion suffered from IA. Our study also draws attention to the risk factors of IA such as younger age, family status and working type.