THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LARGE TALL AND SMALL SHORT BULLS OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS BREED

Проблема и цель. Целью данной работы явилось установление особенностей продуктивности молодняка абердин-ангусской породы крупного высокорослого и мелкого компактного типа телосложения. Методология. Для проведения опыта в ООО «Хаммер» Карачаево-Черкесской Республики из потомства четырех быков крупного и трех быков мелкого типа абердин-ангусской породы было отобрано в каждую двух групп по 14 голов бычков. Отцы бычков первой группы имели более высокий уровень живой массы по сравнению с отцами бычков второй группы (на 80 кг) и отличались от них некоторой высоконогостью, меньшей широкотелостью и массивностью. Результаты. Выращивание молодняка разных типов от отъёма до 18-месячного возраста показало, что бычки крупного типа превосходили бычков мелкого типа по мясной продуктивности, что выразилось в большей скорости роста и лучшей оплате корма приростом живой массы. В 18-месячном возрасте бычки крупного типа достигли массы 442 кг, а мелкого – 413 кг. (Р > 0,99). За период от отъёма до полуторалетнего возраста бычки крупного типа затратили на 1 кг прироста 8,1 ЭКЕ., а бычки мелкого типа – 8,4 ЭКЕ. У бычков первой группы была более высокая предубойная масса (на 31,4 кг, Р>0,99) и тяжелые туши по сравнению с бычками второй группы (на 28,3 кг, Р>0,99). Бычки первой группы, будучи более высоконогими, при убое дали туши с большим содержанием костей (на 4,08кг). В их тушах на 1 кг костей приходилось 4,52 кг мякоти, в то время как в тушах второй группы – 5,03 кг. В целом, при обвалке полутуш первой группы было получено мякоти больше на 9,9 кг (Р>0,99). Заключение. Наиболее желательным является крупный высокорослый тип животных, обладающих интенсивным ростом, хорошей оплатой корма и высокой мясной продуктивностью. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the productivity of young Aberdeen-Angus breed of large tall and small short body type. Methodology. For the experiment in Hammer LLC of the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic from the offspring of four large bulls and three small bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, 14 bulls were selected in each of two groups. The fathers of the bulls of the first group had a higher level of live weight compared to the fathers of the bulls of the second group (by 80 kg) and differed from them in some high leg height, narrower body and less mass. Results. Growing young animals of different types from weaning to 18 months of age showed that large-type bulls were superior to small-type ones in terms of meat productivity, which resulted in a higher growth rate and better payment for forage with an increase in live weight. At the age of 18 months, large-type bulls reached a mass of 442 kg, and small-type ones had 413 kg (P>0.99). Over the period from weaning to one and a half years of age, large-type bulls spent 8.1 ECU per 1 kg of gain, and small-type ones spent 8.4 ECU. The bulls of the first group had a higher pre-slaughter weight (by 31.4 kg, P>0.99) and heavy carcasses compared to the bulls of the second group (by 28.3 kg, P>0.99). The bulls of the first group, being higher-legged, produced carcasses with a high bone content (by 4.08 kg) during slaughter. There were 4.52 kg of pulp per 1 kg of bones in their carcasses, while the carcasses of the second group had 5.03 kg. In general, when boning semicarcasses of the first group, there was obtained 9.9 kg more pulp (P>0.99). Conclusion. The most desirable is a large, tall type of animals with intensive growth, good feed pay and high meat productivity.

Numerical semigroups of small and large type

A numerical semigroup is a sub-semigroup of the natural numbers that has a finite complement. Some of the key properties of a numerical semigroup are its Frobenius number [Formula: see text], genus [Formula: see text] and type [Formula: see text]. It is known that for any numerical semigroup [Formula: see text]. Numerical semigroups with [Formula: see text] are called almost symmetric, we introduce a new property that characterizes them. We give an explicit characterization of numerical semigroups with [Formula: see text]. We show that for a fixed [Formula: see text] the number of numerical semigroups with Frobenius number [Formula: see text] and type [Formula: see text] is eventually constant for large [Formula: see text]. The number of numerical semigroups with genus [Formula: see text] and type [Formula: see text] is also eventually constant for large [Formula: see text].

Meat productivity of Aberdeen Angus bull calves depending on the body composition

The article presents the results of studies in meat productivity of the Aberdeen Angus bull calves, depending on the constitution type. In each group, 14 bull calves were selected from the offspring of 4 large and 3 small bulls of the Aberdeen Angus breed. The first group consisted of bull calves from large and tall type of servicing bulls. The second group consisted of bull calves from small type of servicing bulls. They were put under control growing right after weaning. It was found that the bull calves from the large type of servicing bulls were superior to the bull calves from the small type of servicing bulls in terms of meat productivity, which was primarily shown in a higher growth rate. At the age of 18 months, bull calves from large-type parents reached 442 kg of their mass. Bull calves from small-type parents reached 413 kg. The bull calves from the first group had a greater pre-slaughter weight by 31.4 kg and heavier carcasses compared to the bull calves from the second group by 28.3 kg or 13.5 % (P>0.99). In terms of slaughter weight, they were superior to their herdmates from the second group by 26.5 kg. The carcasses of tall bull calves from the first group had larger content of bones (by 4.08 kg) compared to the second group. In their carcasses, 4.52 kg of meat account for 1 kg of bones, while in the carcasses of the second group – 5.03 kg. However, in general, when deboning the half carcasses of the first group, 9.9 kg. or 11.72% more meat was obtained (Р>0.99) compared to the second group.

FEATURES OF THE GROWTH DYNAMICS, EXTERIOR, AND FEED PAYMENT OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS CALVES OF DIFFERENT BODY TYPES

The purpose of this work was to establish the features of growth, appearance, and feed costs as related to the increase in live weight in Aberdeen-Angus calves obtained from bulls of different body types. To conduct the experiment in the company LLC “Hammer” of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, 14 calf bulls were selected in each group from the offspring of 4 large calf bulls and 3 small calf bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. The fathers of the first group of young calf bulls had a higher level of live weight as compared to the fathers of the second group of calf bulls (by 80 kg). Their differed from their counterparts as being high-legged, less broad-bodied and having different massive characteristics. The mothers of the calf bulls of the first group also had a higher live weight (by 49 kg) as compared to the mothers of the calf bulls of the second group. The differences in constitution between them were nsignificant. The results of research on intensive rearing of different types from weaning to 18 months of age showed that calves originating from large-type bulls surpassed their counterparts obtained from the bulls of a small type of meat productivity. This distinction is primarily expressed in a greater growth rate and better feed gain in live weight. At the age of 18, calа bulls from large-type parents reached a mass of 442 kg, and those obtained from the small-type ones – 413 kg. These differences are statistically significant (P > 0.99) for the period from weaning to one and a half years of age. Calа bulls originating from large-type bulls spent 8.1 ECU per 1 kg of gain, and those originating from small-type bulls – 8.4 ECU.

Growth and development indices of Aberdeen-Angus bulls originating from sires of different body types

The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of growth, exterior, payment for feed by gain in live weight among young Aberdeen-Angus breed, originating from bulls of different body types. Hammer LLC of Karachay-Cherkessia conducted the experiment: from the offspring of 4 large bulls and 3 small bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed, 14 bulls were selected in each group. The investigation results on the intensive rearing of different young stock from weaning to 18 months of age showed that large-type bulls were superior to small-type bulls in terms of growth rate and better payment for feed by gain in live weight. At the age of 18 months, bulls from large-type parents reached a weight of 442 kg, and from small ones - 413 kg. These differences are statistically significant (P > 0.99) for the period from weaning to one and a half years old bulls, originating from bulls of a large type spent 8.1 EFU per 1 kg of gain, and bulls originating from bulls of a small type – 8.4 EFU.

Body types of Aberdeen Angus bulls and their relationship with meat production

The study results of Aberdeen-Angus breed bull meat production, depending on the body type, are presented. The first group consisted of bulls descended from stud bulls of large tall type, the second group consisted of bulls descended from stud bulls of the small compact type. It was determined that at the age of 18 months, bulls from large-type parents reached a weight of 442 kg, and from small-type parents - 413 kg. The first group bulls had a higher pre-slaughter weight by 31.4 kg and heavy carcasses compared to the second group bulls by 28.3 kg or 13.5% (P > 0.99). The first group bulls, being higher-legged, produced carcasses with a higher bone content (by 4.08 kg) during slaughter compared to the second group. In their carcasses, there was 4.52 kg of boneless meat per 1 kg of bones, while in the second group carcasses - 5.03 kg. However, in general, when boning semi-carcasses of the first group, more boneless meat was obtained, by 9.9 kg. or by 11.72% (P > 0.99) compared with the second group.

ACYLINDRICAL HYPERBOLICITY OF ARTIN–TITS GROUPS ASSOCIATED WITH TRIANGLE-FREE GRAPHS AND CONES OVER SQUARE-FREE BIPARTITE GRAPHS

It is conjectured that the central quotient of any irreducible Artin–Tits group is either virtually cyclic or acylindrically hyperbolic. We prove this conjecture for Artin–Tits groups that are known to be CAT(0) groups by a result of Brady and McCammond, that is, Artin–Tits groups associated with graphs having no 3-cycles and Artin–Tits groups of almost large type associated with graphs admitting appropriate directions. In particular, the latter family contains Artin–Tits groups of large type associated with cones over square-free bipartite graphs.