Akomodasi Komunikasi Aparatur Sipil Negara Magang di Perusahaan Manufaktur

Magang merupakan salah satu upaya Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) untuk mendorong pegawainya mampu mencermati berbagai dinamika kondisi aktual dan melakukan berbagai penyesuaian untuk melakukan langkah-langkah proaktif dalam mendukung industri nasional. Perbedaan budaya pada kedua jenis instansi dapat menjadi hambatan yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian dan kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akomodasi komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh peserta magang dan hambatan-hambatan yang dialami dalam proses akomodasi komunikasi tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) yang merujuk pada empat tahapan model Giles dan Anxiety Uncertainty Management (AUM). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif interpretif dengan metode studi kasus, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian menemukan bahwa peserta magang melakukan akomodasi kovergensi, divergensi, dan sedikit akomodasi berlebihan untuk dapat menyesuaikan komunikasi dengan pegawai PT X. Akomodasi komunikasi bertujuan untuk proses penyesuaian antarbudaya agar terbentuk saling pengertian di antara individu yang terlibat, tercipta perasaan nyaman, menurunkan hambatan komunikasi, dan mereduksi ketidakpastian dalam berinteraksi untuk mencapai komunikasi yang efektif. Internships are one of the efforts of the Ministry of Industry (Kemenperin) to encourage employees to observe various dynamics of actual conditions and make multiple adjustments to take proactive steps to support the national industry. Cultural differences in the two types of institutions can be obstacles that cause uncertainty and anxiety. This study aims to determine the communication accommodation made by interns and the barriers experienced in the communication accommodation process. This study employed Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) which refers to the four stages of the Giles model and Anxiety Uncertainty Management (AUM). It used is a qualitative interpretive approach with a case study method and data collection techniques with in-depth interviews. The study found that the interns accommodated convergence, divergence, and a little excessive accommodation to adjust their communication style to PT X employees. Communication accommodation aims at the intercultural adjustment process to form a mutual understanding between the individuals involved, create a feeling of comfort, lower communication barriers, and reduce uncertainty in interacting to achieve effective communication.

Measuring Resistance and Engagement: The Linguaculture Motivation Profiler

This paper is a report on a research project examining psychological resistance to foreign language learning and describes the development of a psychometric instrument—the Linguaculture Motivation Profiler (LMP). The authors argue that in SLA, motivation is often conceptualized in binary terms—motivated vs. unmotivated. They indicate that, in fact, humans have two neurocognitive motivational systems—approach motivation and avoidance motivation. Borrowing from intercultural adjustment theory, the researchers argue that negative reactions to the psychological challenges of language learning are a normal part of the learning process. The LMP conceptualizes motivation in terms of engagement (approach motivation) and resistance (avoidance motivation). It also measures mixed states, a complex psychological state in which learners both engage and resist at the same time. The authors discuss how the LMP is being used in the classroom, and implications for an enriched, more complex understanding of motivation. This can encourage learner self-understanding and improved learning outcomes. 外国語学習における心理的な抵抗感に関する考察と、それを測定するLinguaculture Motivation Profiler (LMP)について報告する。第二言語習得研究（SLA）では、学習意欲は意欲があるかどうか議論される。実際、人には学習意欲が向上したり、低下したりする神経認知の学習意欲のシステムがあり、学習者は言語を学ぶ際に心理的に複雑な反応をしている。SLAは、学習意欲の向上に注目し、意欲の低下については否定的に捉える傾向にある。しかし、異文化適応説では、言語を学ぶ際の否定的な反応は学習過程において通常のことであるとしている。本稿は意欲があることをengagement、低い状態をresistanceと概念化している。また、学習意欲を示しながらも否定的な反応を示す複雑な心理状態をmixed statesとする。最後にLMPが授業の中でどのように実践されているのかについてまとめた。

Intercultural adjustment challenges of Korean and Canadian self-initiated expatriates in the workplace: An exploratory bidirectional investigation

This study uses a qualitative approach and bidirectional design to explore the unique intercultural adjustment challenges that Korean and Canadian self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) experience in each other’s workplace. Through semi-structured interviews we draw upon thematic analysis to surface unique cross-cultural challenges finding that a ‘one-size’ fits all approach to understanding SIE adjustment is overly simplified and omits contextual considerations. Canadian SIEs struggled with issues related to power distance, collectivism and communication styles, whereas language barriers, individualism and hierarchical differences were major challenges for Korean SIEs. We apply our findings to previous conceptual models of cross-cultural adjustment and discuss three criteria: size of cultural gap, direction of immigration and unique contextual factors as necessary for understanding the intricate dynamics of SIE and host-country national relationships. Implications and limitations of this study are followed by recommendations for future research.

Cultural Competence

Cultural competence refers to an individual’s potential to function effectively in intercultural situations. The myriad conceptualizations of cultural competence can be broadly classified as intercultural traits (enduring personal characteristics that describe what a person typically does in intercultural situations); attitudes (perceptions and evaluations of other cultures); and capabilities (what a person can do to function effectively in intercultural contexts). In terms of empirical evidence, a review of existing report-based instruments (i.e., measures that involve self- or observer-perceptions of cultural competence) shows that only three instruments (Cultural Intelligence Survey, CQS; Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, MPQ; and Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale, ICAPS) demonstrate strong psychometric properties and incremental predictive validity across cultures. Notably, the CQS has the most extensive evidence on its predictive validity. The field is also seeing an emergence of performance-based measures of cultural competence in the form of situation judgment tests. Finally, there is considerable research on interventions to grow cultural competence and intelligence in individuals. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews generally concluded that training enhances the development of cultural competence and intercultural effectiveness. Effect sizes, however, vary depending on training and trainee characteristics. The field of cultural competence is at an exciting nexus of globalization, increasing diversification within nations, and technological advancements. We suggest that future research should (1) extend our conceptualization of cultural competence to include managing vertical differences rooted in power and status disparity; (2) expand our measurement from psychometric approaches to the use of multimodal analytics; and (3) expand our criterion space of cultural learning.

Expatriation of athletes and the theory of intercultural adjustment

Cultural shock may be one of the greatest difficulties encountered by athletes and employees who choose to live and work in other countries. Therefore, the objective of this essay was to conceptualize the theory of intercultural adjustment and to point out proposals for the use of theory in the process of sports expatriation. For this, it was based on the methodological design of a qualitative research on the perspective of documentary analysis. As main reflections of this essay, the lack of an adequate cultural adjustment process for athletes and employees who are subject to living in another country is emphasized, in addition to the importance of the family in this process. Therefore, it also highlights the relevance that expatriates are submitted to a preparation process, either by psychological, social, economic and cultural bias, so that changes are faced in the best possible way, highlighting the importance of Intercultural Psychology.

Factors Affecting the Intercultural Adaptation Process of International Students: A Case Study of Vietnamese Postgraduate Students at a Tertiary Institution in Taiwan

The study was conducted to explore challenges Vietnamese postgraduate students were confronted with during their intercultural adaptation process in Taiwan. The participants (N = 28) were administered an open-ended questionnaire, probing into different aspects of their intercultural adjustment, namely academic, psychological and sociocultural issues. Findings indicated regarding academic life, the sojourn students encountered language barriers (both in English and Chinese), new pedagogical approach, examination and publication pressure. Other adjustment problems involved daily communication with the local, unfamiliar diet, homesickness, perceived discrimination, and few activities for international students. Implications for relevant stakeholders were discussed. Received 14th March 2018; Accepted 11th April 2019; Revised 25th April 2019