Research on Explicit and Implicit Activities in Middle School Moral Education

Middle school moral education not only plays the role of guidance, motivation, and assurance in adolescent education and school work but also has great significance in promoting social civilization and progress. In order to make moral education become more permeable, vivid, and colorful, it is required to persuade people with reason and move a man with emotion, so as to achieve a subtle effect. Also, it builds an explicit and implicit system by exploring the middle school moral education practices. The explicit moral education activities and implicit moral education activities are inextricably linked as a joint force, which makes the school moral education work quite effective. In the former one, it makes further practical and exploration activities in developing the class moral education, upholding the theme and etiquette education of “the Four Cardinal Principles”, inheriting the "benevolence" value of education and practice education, and resisting the bad information about the moral education. The latter one, it focuses on the following three aspects of implicit moral education: teachers' virtue and deeds, family education, and game activities.

Athletic Participation, Training, and Adolescent Education

In Classical Athens athletics consisted of the sporting contests that were staged as part of festivals and the classes of an athletics teacher. Lessons in the standard sporting events were given only by these teachers, whose classes doubled up as the sole opportunity for boys and men to perfect them before competing in games. Thus the participation of individuals in athletics depended on their schooling. Because the Classical Athenians decided against publicly funding education, they did not enjoy equal access to it. Poor citizens could afford only the lessons of a letter teacher. It was only wealthy boys who were educated in the three traditional disciplines of athletics, music, and letters. As poor Athenians did not attend the classes of an athletics teacher, they would have done badly, if they entered games, and so were hesitant about doing so in the first place. Thus the athletes of democratic Athens came exclusively from the wealthy.

Absenteeism, Dropout, and On-Time School Completion of Vulnerable Primary School Students in Ethiopia: Exploring the Role of Adolescent Decision-Making Power in the Household, Exposure to Violence, and Paid and Unpaid Work

While Ethiopia has seen a rapid expansion of school enrollment over the past 25 years, especially in primary education, dropout, absenteeism, and grade repetition remain key challenges to achieving the education-related Sustainable Development Goals. This article uses the 2017/18 Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) survey of 6800 Ethiopian adolescents and regression analysis to examine how exposure to and /or experience of violence (from peers and at home), adolescent decision-making power in the household, and paid and unpaid child work are related to absenteeism, dropout, and on-time completion in primary school. The findings provide empirical evidence on the positive association between adolescent decision-making power in the household and educational outcomes and the negative relationships between adolescent education and both exposure to and /or experience of violence and paid and unpaid child work. We explore variations in the magnitude and robustness of these associations across gender, age cohort, and rural/urban residential location. Our findings suggest that programs which enhance decision-making power of adolescents in the household reduce exposure to and/or experience of violence among peers and at home and reduce participation in paid and unpaid child work which can improve adolescent educational attainment.

Edukasi Remaja Bebas Asap Rokok Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Bantul

Penggunaan tembakau masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan pelik di dunia. Perokok dewasa menyampaikan mereka memulai kebiasaannya semenjak remaja. Situasi pandemi COVID-19 menuntut kewaspadaan lebih termasuk meningkatkan imunitasnya agar tidak terinfeksi. Kebiasaan merokok meningkatkan risiko seseorang terpapar COVID-19 dan meningkatkan risiko keparahan penyakit akibat COVID-19. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman remaja tas risiko merokok dalam memperparah penyakit COVID-19 dan pemahaman dalam menyiapkan diri dan keluarga bebas asap rokok. Metode yang digunakan adalah blended learning untuk meningkatkan accessibility sasaran dalam menerima informasi di masa pandemi ini. Metode ceramah dan diskusi dilakukan melalui pertemuan langsung, zoom meeting, dan whatsapp. Pelaksana kegiatan bersama tim dari mahasiswa melaksanakan kegiatan kepada sasaran, yaitu remaja di Desa Turtomulyo, Kretek, Bantul.Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya perubahan pemahaman remaja tentang bahanya merokok, namun belum ada keyakinan bahwa COVID-19 akan meningkatkan risiko remaja terinfeksi virus dan memperparah penyakitnya. Remaja juga belum siap menerapak rumah bebas asap rokok di lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka. Kegiatan edukasi remaja tentang bahaya merokok perlu dilakukan secara berkesinambungan. Diperukan peran aktif tokoh masyarakat setempat berkerja sama dengan Puskesmas dalam menggiatkan program remaja bebas asap rokok dan organisasi kemasyarakat yang membina keterampilan hidup sehat remaja.---Tobacco use is still a complex health problem in the world. Adult smokers say they started the habit as a teenager. The COVID-19 pandemic situation demands more vigilance, including increasing immunity so as not to become infected. Smoking habits increase a person's risk of being exposed to COVID-19 and increase the risk of disease severity due to COVID-19. This service aims to increase teenagers' understanding of the risk of smoking in exacerbating the COVID-19 disease and understanding in preparing themselves and their families to be smoke-free. The method used is blended learning to increase target accessibility in receiving information during this pandemic. The lecture and discussion method are carried out through in-person meetings, zoom meetings, and what apps. Implementing activities with a team of students carried out activities to the target, namely youth in Turtomulyo Village, Kretek, Bantul. The results of the activity showed a change in teenagers' understanding of the dangers of smoking, but there was no belief that COVID-19 would increase the risk of adolescents being infected with the virus and worsening the disease. Teens are also not ready to accept smoke-free homes in their neighbourhoods. Adolescent education activities about the dangers of smoking need to be carried out continuously. There is a need for the active role of local community leaders in collaboration with the Puskesmas in activating the smoke-free youth program and community organizations that foster youth healthy life skills.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Adolescents’ Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Country Study Using a Telephone Survey

The public health measures instituted by governments to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause developmental and educational losses to adolescents. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its mitigation strategies on adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are unclear. This study aimed to examine adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to COVID-19 and the impacts of the pandemic on the daily lives of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The survey was conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria using computer-assisted telephone interviews to enable rapid and remote data collection. Two sites were included in each country, with approximately 300 adolescents per site and 1,795 adolescents in total. Variations across the six sites were noted for the proportions of the adolescents who could correctly identify all key COVID-19 symptoms (4–25%), transmission methods (16–59%), and prevention approaches (33–79%). Most (> 72%) of the adolescents were no longer going to school due to school closures. Many adolescents (23–81%) were not receiving any education during the pandemic. A considerable proportion of the adolescents (44–83%) self-assessed as having less ability to learn during the pandemic; many expected it to be very difficult to catch up on education after the pandemic. Decreases in the consumption of major food groups were common across sites. Urgent actions are needed in sub-Saharan Africa to address the inadequate knowledge of COVID-19 among adolescents and the impacts of the pandemic on adolescent education and nutrition.

RELEVANCE OF ADOLESCENT EDUCATION ON HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRUGS

Following the introductory part in which it is stated that current results of the fight against drug abuse have been unsatisfactory, the paper defines the term “narcotic drugs”. It is suggested that it is an obsolete, outdated, and certainly inadequate term, with suggestion that the term “narcotic drugs” should be replaced by the adequate term “psychoactive controlled substances”. Then, classifications of narcotic drugs are given, describing the effects that arise from the abuse of narcotics. The paper indicates the general characteristics of criminal offenses related to narcotic drugs, and points to some changes and amendments from 2019, which relate to existing qualified forms of criminal offenses, including the case when the basic form of the crime is being committed in an educational institution or in its immediate vicinity. Afterward, the term of adolescence is defined, emphasizing the need for adolescents education as the most important and most effective way of fighting drug abuse, together with certain ideas what that education should be like. Finally, concluding remarks are made.

Positive Youth Development in Education

Positive youth development (PYD) is an approach to child and adolescent education that provides resources in the school and community to enable youth to reach their full potential and to flourish in a democratic society. The approach draws on various disciplines and legacies in its practices and approaches, ranging from school curricula to out-of-school activities that have long traditions, such as scouting and 4-H clubs. We take note of the philosophical tradition stemming from Aristotle that prioritized acquiring various virtues as the path to human happiness and how virtues of justice, temperance, courage, and prudence are the focus for many present-day programs under the umbrella of PYD. We review the dominant theories of PYD as well as school programs that have been developed to encourage PYD, including social-emotional learning, character education, civics education, and service learning. We also examine the effects of out-of-school programs on PYD outcomes. We conclude with the prospects for PYD and the challenges that remain for its future development.