scholarly journals REPEATABILITY OF A DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR DENTAL PLAQUE QUANTITATION (QRAYCAM PRO) IN CURRENT, FORMER AND NEVER SMOKERS – STUDY PROTOCOL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Conte ◽  
Antonio Sebastiano Pacino ◽  
Salvatore Urso ◽  
Rosalia Emma ◽  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Digital Imaging Technology ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Although the detrimental health effects of smoking on human health are well described, the impact of smoking on dental plaque build-up lacks consistent records. This is because dental research on periodontal health has primarily relied on subjective indices with poor discriminatory power. Novel digital imaging techniques for the objective quantitation of dental plaque are now available. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) technology has been used in several studies for digital quantification and monitoring of dental plaque.The objective of the study is to quantitate and compare short- and long-term repeatability of dental plaque among current, former, and never smokers by using a high resolution, auto-focus, hand-held QLF scanner (QRayCam Pro; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, NL).Demonstration of good reproducibility of QLF technology with clear discrimination for dental plaque quantitation among current, former, and never smokers will pave the way to future application of this test for both medical and regulatory research applied not only to combustion-free tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral tobacco/nicotine products, etc.) and smoking cessation medications, but also to consume care product for oral hygiene.

scholarly journals REPEATABILITY OF A DIGITAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR DENTAL PLAQUE QUANTITATION (QRAYCAM™ PRO) IN CURRENT, FORMER AND NEVER SMOKERS – STUDY PROTOCOL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Conte ◽  
Sebastiano Antonio Pacino ◽  
Toti Urso ◽  
Rosalia Emma ◽  
Pasquale Caponnetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Digital Imaging Technology ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAlthough the detrimental health effects of smoking on human health are well described, the impact of smoking on dental plaque build-up lacks consistent records. This is because dental research on periodontal health has primarily relied on subjective indices with poor discriminatory power. Novel digital imaging techniques for the objective quantitation of dental plaque are now available. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) technology has been used in several studies for digital quantification and monitoring of dental plaque.The objective of the study is to quantitate and compare short- and long-term repeatability of dental plaque among current, former, and never smokers by using a high resolution, auto-focus, hand-held QLF scanner (QRayCam™ Pro; Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, NL).Demonstration of good reproducibility of QLF technology with clear discrimination for dental plaque quantitation among current, former, and never smokers will pave the way to future application of this test for both medical and regulatory research applied not only to combustion-free tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, heated tobacco products, oral tobacco/nicotine products, etc.) and smoking cessation medications, but also to consume care product for oral hygiene.

scholarly journals SACCHARIN TRANSIT TIME IN EXCLUSIVE E-CIGARETTES AND HEATED TOBACCO PRODUCTS USERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Polosa ◽  
R. Emma ◽  
F. Cibella ◽  
M. Caruso ◽  
G. Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTobacco smoking impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC) efficiency as shown by prolonged saccharin test transit time (STTT). Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke from combustible cigarettes may restore MCC function and former smokers have been shown to exhibit similar STTT as never smokers. The impact of switching from smoking to combustion-free tobacco products such as e-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) on STTT is not known. We report STTT of exclusive EC and HTP users. Test results were compared to those obtained in current, former, and never smokers.STTT were obtained from 39 current, 40 former, 40 never smokers and from 20 EC and 20 HTP users. Comparison of STTT values showed significant difference among the five study groups (p< 0.00001) with current smokers having a median (IQR) STTT of 13.15 min, which was significantly longer compared to that of all other study groups. In particular, compared to former (7.26 min) and never smokers (7.24 min), exclusive EC users and exclusive HTP users had similar STTT at 7.00 and 8.00 min respectively.Ex-smokers who have switched to exclusive regular use of combustion-free nicotine delivery systems (i.e. ECs and HTPs) exhibit similar saccharin transit time as never and former smokers. This suggests that combustion-free nicotine delivery technologies are unlikely to have detrimental effects on MCC function.

scholarly journals Impact of exclusive e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products use on muco-ciliary clearance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110352
Author(s):  
R. Polosa ◽  
R. Emma ◽  
F. Cibella ◽  
M. Caruso ◽  
G. Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
The Impact

Background: Tobacco smoking impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC) efficiency as shown by prolonged saccharin test transit time (STTT). Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke from combustible cigarettes may restore MCC function and former smokers have been shown to exhibit similar STTT as never smokers. The impact on STTT of switching from smoking to combustion-free tobacco products such as e-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) is not known. Methods: We report STTT of exclusive EC and HTP users. Test results were compared with those obtained in current, former, and never smokers. Results: STTT were obtained from 39 current, 40 former, 40 never smokers, and from 20 EC and 20 HTP users. Comparison of STTT values showed significant difference among the five study groups ( p < 0.00001) with current smokers having a median [interquartile range (IQR)] STTT of 13.15 min, which was significantly longer compared with that of all other study groups. In particular, compared with former (7.26 min) and never smokers (7.24 min), exclusive EC users and exclusive HTP users had similar STTT at 7.00 and 8.00 min, respectively. Conclusion: Former smokers who have switched to exclusive regular use of combustion-free nicotine delivery systems (i.e., ECs and HTPs) exhibit similar saccharin transit time as never and former smokers. This suggests that combustion-free nicotine delivery technologies are unlikely to have detrimental effects on MCC function.

Digital imaging and quantitative image analysis of polymer blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Digital Imaging Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Network Technologies

Polymer microscopy involves multiple imaging techniques. Speed, simplicity, and productivity are key factors in running an industrial polymer microscopy lab. In polymer science, the morphology of a multi-phase blend is often the link between process and properties. The extent to which the researcher can quantify the morphology determines the strength of the link. To aid the polymer microscopist in these tasks, digital imaging systems are becoming more prevalent. Advances in computers, digital imaging hardware and software, and network technologies have made it possible to implement digital imaging systems in industrial microscopy labs.

The bright future of digital imaging in scanning electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Digital Imaging Technology ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the major advancements applied to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the past 10 years has been the development and application of digital imaging technology. Advancements in technology, notably the availability of less expensive, high-density memory chips and the development of high speed analog-to-digital converters, mass storage and high performance central processing units have fostered this revolution. Today, most modern SEM instruments have digital electronics as a standard feature. These instruments, generally have 8 bit or 256 gray levels with, at least, 512 × 512 pixel density operating at TV rate. In addition, current slow-scan commercial frame-grabber cards, directly applicable to the SEM, can have upwards of 12-14 bit lateral resolution permitting image acquisition at 4096 × 4096 resolution or greater. The two major categories of SEM systems to which digital technology have been applied are:In the analog SEM system the scan generator is normally operated in an analog manner and the image is displayed in an analog or "slow scan" mode.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

The Impact of Plate Imaging Techniques on Flexographic Printed Conductive Traces

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Kahn ◽  
Liam H. O’Hara ◽  
Chip Tonkin ◽  
Howard E. Nelson ◽  
William J. Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Applying the Common Customs Tariff on Armenian Exports of Tobacco Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-365
Author(s):  
V. L. Harutyunyan ◽  
S. V. Dokholyan ◽  
A. R. Makaryan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

TAX POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EXCISE TAXES ON TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
A. A. IDRISOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of excise tax revenues to the budget of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the negative impact on the economy of the distribution of illegal tobacco prod-ucts - cigarettes, as well as the impact of new substitutes for this product. The issues of harmonization of the excise policy of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and the regulation of the tax policy in the field of excise taxes on tobacco products, the introduction of new excise taxes on electronic substitutes are considered. These measures are aimed at creating sustainable export-import foreign trade relations and a single market of legalized smoking products. The article is aimed at developing recommendations on strengthening the economy of tobacco production in the context of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as on increasing tax revenues from them.

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