Selves, interactive representations and context

In this paper, I re-examine the notion of ‘clause-as-representation’ in Michael Halliday’s systemic-functional theory of language. I argue that ‘representation’ is a mode of linguistic action that cannot be understood in terms of the experiential metafunction alone. Instead, a theoretical account of representation must be undertaken in relation to all the metafunctions. Rejecting encodingist accounts of representation, I develop the argument that representations are interactively constituted and emergent in languaging activity. The paper develops these arguments in relation to a process ontological account of the relations between language and the world-side phenomena that language represents. Language does not encode actualities. The future-oriented, anticipatory character of languaging is fundamentally modal in character. A coarticulated self-utterance-situation matrix never attains full actuality. The virtual potentialities of languaging always have the potential for further individuation.

The Importance of Task-Based Learning and Focus on Form in Teaching Phraseology

A controversial issue for teachers of German as a foreign language is the balance between content and form. This also applies to vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. The modeling of language competence in the communicative approach is based on the understanding of language as a means of communication. Accordingly, the primary claim of communicative language didactics is to go beyond the description of structures of the foreign language and to place appropriate, situated linguistic action at the center of teaching. Against this theoretical background, content-oriented approaches such as Task-Based Learning have emerged in foreign language didactics, which emphasize the communicative aspect of language and place the didactic emphasis on situated, authentic tasks. Nevertheless, this emphasis did not lead to the suppression of form-based approaches which consider precision in language mastery by focusing on formal aspects through exercises to be necessary and desirable.This paper examines the question of the importance of exercises and tasks in phraseology-based vocabulary work. Against the theoretical background of the approaches of Task-Based Learning (TBL) and Focus on Form (FoF), possibilities for the integration of content-oriented and form-focussing teaching concepts for the promotion of phraseological competence are shown by means of concrete examples. Furthermore, the question of their balance in teaching is discussed.

What may be done with language

"If one studies the passage from language as a system of signs (langue) to language in its intercultural and dialogic use, a change of perspective takes place because the theory of social action is applied to the study of language, and this theory shows the two aspects of linguistic behaviour: expectation, the social part referred to the langue, with its centripetal character; and actuation, referred to the language, which is the individual part with a centrifugal character. With linguistic actuation, speakers help cause events (agency), even if these are not wholly determined by their linguistic action. The social actor identifies in the situation a number of opportunities that he/she exploits with his/her action, the outcome of which feeds back into the diagnosis of the initial situation, either confirming or correcting it."

CRITICISM STRATEGY BY MAHFUD MD IN INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUB

AbstrakKritik, di satu sisi digunakan untuk mengendalikan dan mengarahkan seseorang dari kesalahan dengan menggunakan kata-kata verbal. Di sisi lain, kritik adalah tindakan linguistik yang mungkin dapat menyebabkan konflik dan kecenderungan mengancam muka seseorang. ‘Muka’ meliputi keinginan agar citra diri ini dihargai dan disetujui oleh lawan bicara. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui, strategi kritik Mahfud MD ketika memberikan kritik. Ditemukan bahwa apa pun kritik yang diberikan oleh Mahfud MD, ia melakukannya dengan memberikan koreksi.AbstractCriticism, in one hand was used as to control and to direct someone from mistake by using verbal words. On the other hand, critics were a linguistic action that possibly caused conflict and tendency to threat someone’s face. It was the face that crucially including the desire that this self-image be appreciated and approved by interlocutors. This research was conducted to find out, the criticism strategy of Mahfud MD in giving critics. It was found that whatever the critics that Mahfud MD gives, he must accomplish it by giving correction

Key Indicators for Linguistic Action Perspective in the Last Planner® System

Since 2001, a link has been established between the Last Planner® System (LPS) and Linguistic Action Perspective (LAP). However, to date, it has not been studied in sufficient depth. This research developed a system of indicators to measure and control the management of commitments, through the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, and thus contribute to the development of the social dimension of sustainability that is often neglected in construction management research. The main contributions of this paper are a proposal of five main activities to apply the DSR method, a checklist to analyze the engagement of meeting participants, a notebook for last planners, delve into the variations that can occur to the basic movements of LAP, and the creation of a system of indicators hence updating the Percent Plan Complete (PPC) with a reliability indicator. The main limitation of this research is that the system was only validated in two South American countries that implemented LPS. In future studies, we propose to apply case studies in weekly planning meetings in other industries worldwide and to determine the recommended values to improve communication and achieve the proper implementation of LAP with LPS and without LPS.

Introduction

This chapter provides an ethnographic study of language politics and media produced in and for the Republic of Buryatia and other Buryat territories. It focuses on minority-language media in order to trace the circulation and uptake of ideas not just in Buryat but about being Buryat. From herders in the 1920s to lexicographers in the 2000s, this chapter examines the heterogenous ways people have envisioned Buryat through language and media. It shows how people producing and using media become a minority-language public. It draws on a mixed-methods approach to show how historical legacies matter in the present and confirm how the sites of linguistic action are interconnected and mutually informing.