scholarly journals Use of 3D Total Station and Autocad Civil for Grading Planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Wahyu Tamtomo Adi ◽  
Adya Aghastya
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Building Engineering ◽  
Land Grading

This study was structured with the aim of carrying out topographic measurements and analyzing grading planning in the API Madiun campus area. The study was conducted using a Total Station measurement tool and a 3D Autocad Civil 3D imaging tool. Surveyor personnel used in carrying out measurements are surveyors who are trained using Total Station equipment. The study produced ten benchmark point (BM) locations as a measurement reference in areas within the Madiun API land. The topographic analysis results from the contour map identified the Madiun API land area as relatively flat with the difference between the lowest and highest elevation of 5.132 m with an average slope of 3.32%. The grading plan shows that there are two main areas that require landfills with the total pile volume requirement of 8,281.4 m3. Evaluation of the implementation of measurements shows the need for supervision and evaluation so as not to make mistakes that can occur by the measurement implementer. The use of Autocad Civil 3D software tools facilitates and accelerates the process of depicting engineering and land grading planning. Measurement with Total Station and depiction with Autocad Civil 3D needs to be optimized by integration into the lecture syllabus in order to become one of the soft skill competencies possessed by graduates of Building Engineering and Railways of API Madiun.

scholarly journals A new method for measuring optical scattering properties of atmospherically relevant dusts using the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Glen ◽  
S. D. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Optical Scattering ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Optical Signature ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have major impacts on regional and global climate through scattering and absorption of solar radiation. A new instrument, the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL) from Droplet Measurement Technologies measures light scattered by aerosols in the forward (4° to 12°) and backward (168° to 176°) directions, with an additional polarized detector in the backward direction. Scattering by a single particle can be measured by all three detectors for aerosols in a broad range of sizes, 0.6 μm < diameter < 50 μm. The CASPOL is a unique measurement tool, since unlike most in-situ probes, it can measure optical properties on a particle-by-particle basis. In this study, single particle CASPOL measurements for thirteen atmospherically relevant dusts were obtained and their optical scattering signatures were evaluated. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the shape and morphology of each type of dust. The total and polarized backscatter intensities varied with particle size for all dust types. Using a new optical signature technique all but one dust type could be categorized into one of three optical scattering groups. Additionally, a composite method was used to derive the optical signature of Arizona Test Dust (ATD) by combining the signatures of its major components. The derived signature was consistent with the measured signature of ATD. Finally, calculated backscattering cross sections for representative dust from each of the three main groups were found to vary by as much as a factor of 7, the difference between the backscattering cross sections of white quartz (5.3 × 10−10 cm−2) and hematite (4.1 × 10−9 cm−2).

Use of bathroom scales in measuring asymmetry of hindlimb static weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Mölsä ◽  
J. T. Junnila ◽  
O. M. Laitinen-Vapaavuori ◽  
A. K. Hielm-Björkman ◽  
H. K. Hyytiäinen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Normal Variance ◽  
The Difference

SummaryObjective: The study assessed the use and reliability of bathroom scales as an objective measurement tool, and setting a normal variance of static weight bearing between hindlimbs.Methods: Two groups of dogs were tested: a healthy control group (n = 21) and a group (n = 43) of dogs with confirmed osteoarthritis in at least one stifle joint, with or without hip joint osteoarthritis. Static weight bearing was evaluated manually and measured with two bathroom scales. An orthopaedic examination was done and dynamic weight bearing was measured using a force platform. Radiographs were taken to confirm the presence of osteoarthritis, and dogs were divided into groups of severe and non-severe osteoarthritic changes. Reliability by repeatability was tested using analysis of variance, and the congruity between static weight bearing and other evaluation methods with Kappa statistics and proportion of agreement.Results: The difference between the hindlimbs proportional to the body weight in control dogs was 3.3% (± 2.7%). The repeatability of measuring static weight bearing in the hindlimbs of osteoarthritic dogs with bathroom scales was 81% with osteoarthritic limbs, and 70% for unaffected limbs. The sensitivity of static weight bearing measurements using bathroom scales was 39% and specificity 85%.Clinical significance: Bathroom scales are a reliable, simple, and cost-effective objective method for measuring static weight bearing and can be used as an outcome measure when rehabilitating dogs with osteoarthritic changes in the hindlimbs.

scholarly journals Comparative study of accuracy of differential global positioning system (DGPS) and total station instruments

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Didigwu Augustus Ugonna Sunday ◽  
Ogbe David .O
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Total Station ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Optical Distance ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Land Using

Total Station and Global Positioning System (GPS) are two instruments used to fix position on the earth. The total station employs electro-optical distance meter method, emitting laser beams to a target and detecting light reflected off it by measuring the deviation of the wavelength of the reflected light. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite for rapid position determination, its’ receiver calculates its position by precisely turning the signal sent by GPS satellite high above the earth. The study aims at the assessment of the two instruments: GPS and Total Station. To achieve this aim, two surveys were performed on the same parcel of land using the two instruments. In the first part of the survey, a closed-loop traverse was performed around a chosen parcel of land using a calibrated total station. The station determined only coordinates of points from where bearings and distances were extracted. Thereafter, DGPS equipment was then used to perform a similar survey as the total station. In this case, visible satellites were used to determine the coordinates of all the stations. The results of the two methods present the distances, bearings, and coordinates. The difference between each of the results was also analyzed. Thus the maximum average difference in distance of 5mm occurred throughout the chainage and maximum differences in the coordinate of 12mm Easting and 9mm Northing were found where there are tree covers. However, the study shows that even though the two instruments are good tools for positioning, each exhibited it’s own accuracy, efficiency, advantages and disadvantage.

scholarly journals A new method for measuring optical scattering properties of atmospherically relevant dusts using the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer Polarization (CASPOL) instrument

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 22415-22449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Glen ◽  
S. D. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Optical Scattering ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Optical Signature ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have major impacts on regional and global climate through scattering and absorption of atmospheric radiation. A new instrument, the Droplet Measurement Technologies Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer Polarization Option (CASPOL) measures light scattered by aerosols in the forward (4° to 12°) and backward (168° to 176°) directions, with an additional polarized detector in the backward direction. Scattering by a single particle can be measured by all three detectors for aerosols in a broad range of sizes, 0.6 μm < diameter < 50 μm. The CASPOL is a unique measurement tool, since very few in situ probes can measure optical properties on a particle-by-particle basis. In this study, single particle CASPOL measurements for thirteen atmospherically relevant dusts were obtained and their optical scattering signatures were evaluated. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the shape and morphology of each type of dust. The total and polarized backscatter intensities varied with particle size for all dust types. Using a new optical signature technique all but one dust type could be categorized into one of three optical scattering groups. Additionally, a composite method was used to derive the optical signature of Arizona Test Dust (ATD) by combining the signatures of its major components. The derived signature was consistent with the measured signature of ATD. Finally, calculated backscattering cross sections for representative dust from each of the three main groups were found to vary by as much as a factor of 7, the difference between the backscattering cross sections of white quartz (5.3 × 10−10 cm−2) and hematite (4.1 × 10−9 cm−2).

EVALUATION TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE RELATIVE ACCURACIES OF CONTOUR MAPS

Geophysics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-867
Author(s):  
E. C. Kalkani
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Spline Approximation ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Minimum Error ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Contouring Accuracy ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Map Data

From the computer programs developed to contour geophysical data, the most appropriate is the one that reproduces the observation points with the minimum error. The evaluation method for a set of data points consists of determining the difference between the piecewise cubic spline approximation functions representing the original and contour map data along any given profile. This difference is evaluated along principal map directions in order to generate a measure of the contouring accuracy of these programs.

MAPPING THE ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET BY SATELLITE ALTIMETRY

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Q. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Antarctic

It is proposed that a radio altimeter be installed in a satellite to measure its height above the surface. It should work at a frequency of the order of 104 Mc/s and measure heights to an accuracy as close as practicable to ± 5 m. Heights above the ocean would be extrapolated to calculate satellite heights above sea level while over the Antarctic continent, and the difference between this calculated height and the measured height would give the surface elevation. Geometrical sounding errors and systematic errors may cause errors up to 50 m on relatively flat ice sheets, but incremental errors over 10 km should be of the order of 10 m. The systematic coverage of the Antarctic continent by a few weeks' observations from a satellite should make a detailed contour map practicable. The system would not be satisfactory for the peripheral areas where many slopes exceed 1:200 and are less regular than elsewhere, but these areas are being surveyed by conventional methods.

Comparative Analysis of HPDC Process of an Auto Part with ProCAST and FLOW-3D

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhen Duan ◽  
Jiang Nan Shen ◽  
Yan Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Technological Parameter ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Auto Part ◽  
The Difference ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Pressure Die Casting

The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process of an ADC12 aluminum alloy auto part is researched by the software ProCAST and FLOW-3D, respectively. The possible HPDC defects of the auto part are analyzed. The difference of the filling process with the same technological parameter is studied. Compared with the simulation result of ProCAST, FLOW-3D software simulation result is closer to the die casting of the actual production.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN: PENTINGNYA SOFT SKILL UNTUK KESUKSESAN KERJA BAGI SISWA-SISWI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Christine Winstinindah Sandroto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Hard Skills ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
The Difference

Training with the topic "the importance of soft skills in job success for Vocational High School students"  is deemed necessary for preparation in entering the workplace.  Besides hard skills, soft skills also play an essential role in work success. The training is packaged in a talk-show format via Instagram Live, which is considered relevant for Vocational High School students under supervised Bulir Padi. The material covered in this training includes: What are soft skills? The difference between hard skills?; The benefits of having soft skills at work; and how to improve soft skills. This activity in the form of training packaged in a talk show with Instagram Live media is carried out following the preparation and implementation stages. The evaluation stage is not carried out in a structured manner. Still, from the responses and questions that arise, we can conclude that the participants are interested in joining the talk-show enthusiastically. In the next training, if it is still in a covid-19 pandemic situation that does not allow face-to-face meetings at the same location, we will continue to apply training virtually either with the zoom application, google meet, or with Instagram Live. The training evaluation will be made more structured by distributing questionnaires to determine the level of participant satisfaction with the training and conducting pre and post-test materials to determine the progress of participants.

scholarly journals Gender Differences In Economic Knowledge In Greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Makridou-Bousiou
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Understanding

This paper focuses on the effect of gender differences on learning and understanding economics. More particularly, data resulting from an empirical review of relevant bibliography is discussed in the first part and the results of pertinent studies that were carried out in Greek schools are presented in the second part. With respect to high school education, Greek findings demonstrate that when girls receive the same amount of economic instruction as boys in senior high school (lyceum), they score higher than them, despite the fact that performance is measured by TEL, which is a standardized test advantaging the male way of thinking as shown by American researchers. Indeed, the superiority of girls over boys in Greek senior high schools becomes even more important considering the disadvantages of the measurement tool which is further emphasised by the fact that Greek students are not well accustomed to M-C tests. We should note however, that the difference observed is marginally statistically significant. With respect to higher education, the results showed that TUCE III is reliable for Greek economic education and more particularly with regards to the subject of interest in this paper, the boys exhibited considerably and statistically higher economic understanding than the girls. This result is consistent with the bibliographys findings.

scholarly journals Expanding the suite of measures of gender-based discrimination: gender differences in ablution facilities in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renier Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Respective Number

 International treaties, national legislation and local by-laws all advocate the equal treatment of men and women, but claims of gender-based discrimination continue. Indicators of discrimination against women, including employment ratios and differences in income, show that there have been considerable gains in the recent past. These measures are, however, often biased. In this study a different, specific and concrete method of describing and detecting discrimination is presented, namely the difference in the number of ablution facilities provided for each gender group in public spaces. Ablution facilities at airports, train stations and shopping centres in four major South African cities (N=128) were inspected. Medium to large differences in the respective number of facilities were found (eta2 .05 to .13), with women receiving fewer service facilities than men. These results suggest that, despite progressive legislation and vigorous affirmative action in South Africa, local women are still being discriminated against on a very concrete, visible level. The effectiveness of the measurement tool is also discussed.

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