Risk Control Management of New Rural Cooperative Financial Organizations Based on Mobile Edge Computing

Rural cooperative financial organization is a new type of cooperative financial organization in recent years. It is a community financial institution created by farmers and small rural enterprises to voluntarily invest in shares in order to meet the growing demand for rural financing. However, this financial organization has many flaws in the design of the system; it has not promoted the better development of rural mutual fund assistance. In addition, mobile edge computing (MEC) can be used as an effective supplement to mobile cloud computing and has been proposed. However, most of the current literature studies on cloud computing provide computing offload just to propose a network architecture, without modeling and solving to achieve. In this context, this paper focuses on the practical application of MEC in the risk control of new rural cooperative financial organizations. This paper proposes a collaborative LECC mechanism based on machine learning under the MEC architecture. The experimental simulation shows that the HR under the LECC mechanism is about 17%–23%, 46%–69%, and 93%–177% higher than that of LENC, LRU, and RR, respectively. It is unrealistic to want to rely on meager loan interest for long-term development. The most practical way is to increase the income level of the organization itself.

Ensuring the Marketing Activities of Agricultural Enterprises: Strategic and Tactical Decisions

The strategy of agricultural enterprises is transformed under the influence of external requirements. Limited opportunities for agricultural enterprises to adapt to harsh economic and environmental conditions, especially in developing countries, determine strategic opportunities and decisions. The purpose of an article was to study the features of the strategy and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural enterprises to identify their effectiveness in order to support the development of activities. The methodology is based on the theory of strategic decision-making and the concept of sustainable agriculture to identify the effectiveness of strategies and tactics of marketing activities of agricultural firms in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. The results show a low level of strategic orientation of rural enterprises. State support does little effort to stimulate differentiation and niche specialization of agricultural producers, as evidenced by the constant dynamics of agricultural production. Investing in physical assets is the most effective tool to support the agricultural sector. Cooperation and collaboration among enterprises is not widespread and single-owner farming is the most common organizational form in the agricultural sector. Producers' pricing policies remain stable and depend on market conditions: product prices fluctuated slightly. The practical value of the results lies in taking into account the identified effective ways of state support for agricultural producers in promoting the strategy of differentiation of agricultural products.

Value Chain Structure Analysis as A Starting Point for Bamboo Enterprise Development: Lessons from Gunungkidul, Indonesia

The economic contributions of rural enterprises in Indonesia are significant to support local people's livelihoods, although it remains at micro to medium levels. One small-scale enterprise, which remains understudied and receives little policy attention, is the bamboo enterprise. Gunungkidul Regency in Yogyakarta Special Province, a central region in Java Island, Indonesia, have many bamboo enterprises, creating various products that support some 6,500 jobs. This research is conducted as a case study of the Gunungkidul Regency. A value chain perspective was used to study three bamboo-based enterprises' value chain structure: kitchen utensils, bamboo toy handicraft, and chemically treated bamboo. The snowball concept was used until the data was saturated. In total, 86 respondents were interviewed. The traditional chain was dominant. The longest value chain and the highest number of actor levels were bamboo toy handicrafts, and the shortest and smallest actor level was the chemically treated bamboo. Most channels were in the toy handicraft chain in the production flow, then kitchen utensils, and chemically treated bamboo. The credit payment method is prevalent in financial flow, and trust has been widely established between actors. The information flow related to price was imbalanced. In each chain, collaboration in the raw material segment was weak. The lack of willingness of artisans to be more productive and the weak cooperation among artisans, coupled with the lack of support from the government seems to be obstacles to the development of bamboo as a small to medium enterprise in Gunungkidul

The Role of Social Capital on Rural Enterprises Economic Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages

Following the nationwide implementation of the Village Funds, the government attempted to accelerate rural economic growth through rural enterprises ( Badan Usaha Milik Desa/BUMDes). This study aimed to analyze how social capital affects village-owned enterprise management to accelerate rural economy. This study was conducted in 2018 and applied a qualitative approach and case study design with a content analysis method derived from interviews, observations, and legal documents. The analysis shows that stakeholders’ development visions to initiate the establishment are critical to determining the management and cooperation of rural enterprises, especially regarding the common direction of development. This study’s results show that, presently, rural enterprises have a low impact on rural economic growth. This study also argues for policy implications by highlighting the importance of social capital and village local assets to determine BUMDes development in Indonesia. Specifically, local policies should also aim to enhance community participation and improve BUMDes’ human capital on management and marketing.

The state and the share of rural women on the agricultural entrepreneurship activities in the Slovak republic

The economic empowerment of rural women in the recent development of agriculture through entrepreneurship is considered an important challenge. Rural women often manage complex households and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. Their activities typically include cultivation of crops, farming animals, processing and preparing food, working for wages in agricultural or other rural enterprises, collecting fuel and water, engaging in trade and marketing, caring for family members, and maintaining their homes. The research aimed to collect up-to-date data on Slovak rural women dealing with business in the field of agriculture, women's role and status in society in rural areas, on the farm, women's participation in education, training, and agricultural services. The main focus is dedicated to their share on the management of agricultural entities, land cultivation, employment of rural women and men, and their deal on the selected entrepreneurial activities of Slovak agriculture. Women doing business in agriculture dispose of with considerable knowledge and experience in the agricultural and food sectors. The realized research showed that the scale of farms managed by women is 325 hectares. Rural women in the surveyed group are taking care of about 2.5% of the total area of agricultural land in Slovakia and they are employing 2.40% of the working forces in the agricultural sector in Slovakia. According to our survey, rural women are under-represented in managerial and ownership positions of agricultural entities.

Analysis of the gap in enterprise access to renewable energy between rural and urban areas in Cameroon

Permanent access to energy is an essential pillar of economic development. However, there is a growing evidence that contemporary energy systems are not able to provide energy to the entire population on a sustainable basis and at affordable prices. In the face of these challenges, renewable energy can play an important role, especially in rural areas where access to centralized electricity grids is difficult. This paper aims to examine the access gaps of enterprises to renewable energy between rural and urban areas in Cameroon. The analysis is based on a sample of 209,482 enterprises, taken from the Second General Census of Enterprises in Cameroon (RGE-2) carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The econometric estimations, obtained using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, reveal that access rate to renewable energy for firms in rural areas is lower than that of firms located in urban areas. An increase in the level of education of the promoter of an enterprise, obtaining credit from banks, microfinance and savings, and the formalization of enterprises in rural areas can also contribute to reducing the gap in rural areas in terms of accessing to renewable energy. The discrimination suffered by rural enterprises related to the gender of entrepreneurs, the sector of activity, the business environment and professional experience tend to increase this gap. To reduce this gap, there is a need to promote access to finance for rural enterprises and their migration from the informal to the formal sector.

НАПРЯМИ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article provides insights into business process management of rural enterprises. The study substantiates the main factors affecting management efficiency and provides rationale for the degree of each of the impact factor that allows to held profitability control and timely respond to changes in market environment. Based on the review of modern performance assessment methods, the findings demonstrate their diversity resulted from different goals in efficiency evaluation (evaluating changes in time, structure, etc.), as well as the heterogeneous nature of the system elements to be evaluated. Following the logic of management decision-making process, the study suggests the key areas for effective business process management at rural enterprises. It is argued that the implementation of the selected strategic vectors will facilitate a reasoned distribution of discrete management functions taking into account the correlation of enterprise costs at different management level along with contributing to settling the technological sequence of operations and assigning them to particular managerial staff. While developing the specific management vectors, the typical functions to meet business processes management needs at rural enterprises in Ukraine have been selected to be applied in practice. The research conclusions offer the following generalizations: the implementation of the key four management process functions is a cyclical process; given the results of control, a new plan is formed, and within the new management process cycle, all functions are preserved. A pathway to effective business processes management at rural enterprises is implementation of an integrated approach which involves the assessment of the set of selected indicators, both quantitative and qualitative, i. e. absolute and relative ones, respectively.