Educar al «animal enfermo». Nietzsche y el problema de la grandeza y la reconfiguración de la intersubjetividad en la experiencia histórica

In this article I am focusing on the problem of greatness and on the social destiny of strong individuals in some moments of Nietzsche’s reflection, investigating the ethical-pedagogical implications of this assumption, without neglecting the importance of the historical experience. On this basis, I value Nietzsche’s attempt to reconfigure subjectivity and intersubjective relations through new models of coexistence (even in democratic contexts marked by decadence), by appealing to the human capacity for self-overcoming, in accordance with the demands of a “concrete reason” which makes explicit the multiple ways of being in the world.

Evolution of essential characteristics of a person influenced by digital transformations

The article examines the process of adaptation of a modern person to rapid transformations of the surrounding world associated with the digitalization of the economy, the intellectualization of labor activity, and changes in the paradigm of the education system. The key features of a person of the future, i.e. an intellectual with high professional qualities and creative abilities, have been revealed. The intellectualization of labor activity requires spiritual maturity and high social responsibility from a person. It has been emphasized that an increase in the intellectual component of labor, introduction of high technology, high professionalism serve as the basis for a new motivational system of a person, displacing the system of material incentives: labor and human improvement - become categories of the same order. The intellectual abilities and the received high-quality education determine both the level of income and social status. The new model of "lifelong education", which is based on the principle of lifelong learning, is a source of human activity and readiness to go beyond their capabilities, and constant self-improvement turns into a way of being. The social destiny of a man of the future remains the preservation of culture and the provision of sustainable development of civilization.

The increasing influence of siblings in social mobility. A long-term historical view (Barcelona area, 16th-19th centuries)

Parental influence over children’s status attainment has historically been argued to be key. However, the cross-sibling influence has been scarcely studied for historical periods and for steam family societies, being the most long-lasting relationship across individuals’ lives once childhood was surpassed. We investigate how intra-generational family relationships determine the social destiny of siblings taking a long-term perspective (16th and the 19th centuries) for Barcelona and its hinterland, using the unique data compiled in the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database. This region was one of the most dynamic economic area in Southern Europe. We found the emergence of the figure of first-married siblings as determinants in the status attainment of other brothers and sisters and a decline in parental influence from the 18th century onwards for all social groups, denying a sibling competing model. This influence worked differently over time depending on sex. First-born sisters with exogamous marriages had a higher influence than first-married brothers on the social mobility of the rest of siblings along the 16th and 17th century. Conversely, from the 18th century onwards, first-married brothers had a higher ascendancy than first-married sisters. Sibship size and the siblings’ marriage order did not contribute to explain these effects. These results can be interpreted in light of an increase in life expectancy of adult population and a change in the occupational structure due to an early industrialization and in affectivity in the18th century.

La violencia Masculina en la Pareja como Proceso Relacional: Un Desafío de Superación Cultural

The present essay tries to understand the dynamics of domestic violence from the three following angles: masculinity, identity and power relationships as socio-cultural expressions. The first two are approaches to masculinity as a culture construct, its relationship with the process of culture identities and the exercise of violence against the intimate partner as a mechanism of cohesion. The third angle is based upon Bourdieu’s (2000) concept of power and domination, in dialogue with Ramirez's explanatory proposal of power relationships (2005), to finally criticize the approach of the victim / aggressor dichotomy from changes within the gender relationships where the role of men and women take new nuances. From the analysis of these components we reflect on the phenomenon of intimate violence as part of a relational process within globalization's growth, in which both men and women are capable of transcending the “social destiny” by contributing to their generic practices new meanings for its overcoming.

Book Reviews

Gavin Murray-Miller, The Cult of the Modern: Trans-Mediterranean France and the Construction of French Modernity (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017).John Murphy, Yearning to Labor: Youth, Unemployment, and Social Destiny in Urban France (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017).

IDENTITY EDUCATION

Family was the basis of socialization in traditional society. Older generation transmitted values to younger generation. Individuals accepted the social roles defined in the society. Nowadays, the socio-cultural conditions changed, which released individuals from the social destiny, but also shook their belief in traditional values. Now, children try to eliminate this loss of sense of identity through interactions with surroundings. However, they always look for more attractive development environment, therefore their interactions concern rather the virtual world than the real one. All personal relationships are weakened in virtual society. The influence of primary environments (family, neighborhood, peers) is marginalized. Thus, it is more and more difficult to achieve relatively stable points of reference – role models – which enable children to find who they want to be. Currently children search them beyond primary social structures, mostly within the scope of virtual communities. Thus, the most important role model for a child is the Internet with its resources, which sometimes does not support normal development. Therefore, defining oneself by the child is more reflexive and subjective. Hence, socialization of children becomes individual, personal and unique. Consequently, there is a need to establish a new space for socialization – the process of identity education. This article is an analytical description of the complex socialization of a child in the contemporary world. Against this background, it attempts to characterize conditions necessary to base this process on identity education as an act of self‑knowledge.

Conclusion

The goal was to assess the extent to which an African-influenced cemetery landscape was visible through time. Much of the archaeological context was destroyed so details were unavailable about the treatment of individual graves and burials. An objective was to understand how this cultural landscape intersected with the lives of the community that created it over time. Artifactual evidence suggested the Northern Burial Ground was contemporary with Centre Burial Ground, just across the street. The Northern Burial Ground was a highly visible space on the main street into the town. So contemporary Bahamians of European descent were aware that Africans memorialized their dead quite differently than did Europeans. The cultural action of placing personal items on graves was discontinued by the mid-1800s, likely a social impact of full emancipation in 1838 when former slaves could chart their own social destiny. A change in public expressions of an African-derived cultural heritage was deemed necessary because such cultural behavior was not valued by the larger European-dominated society. However, less public aspects of an African-derived cultural heritage, as language, remain intact almost 200 years after emancipation.