The Influence of Cognitive Styles as Promoters of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Intrapreneurship as Drivers of Innovation: The Case of Pharmacy Professionals in Portugal

Innovation in the community pharmacy field has extreme importance in building customer loyalty and competitiveness and, during the COVID-19 pandemic, its value was even more noted. Thus, in this study, we aimed to assess the influence of cognitive styles (rational and intuitive) on individual entrepreneurial orientation and intrapreneurship and how they impact innovation. A questionnaire was applied to 209 community pharmacy professionals in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic, and PLS-SEM was used to statistically analyze the data obtained. For the results, we perceived those cognitive styles’ (rational and intuitive) impact on individual entrepreneurial orientation and partially on intrapreneurship, and this innovation is explained by individual entrepreneurial orientation and intrapreneurship. For the theoretical implications, we have contributed to the advancement of knowledge by establishing and understanding the relationship between the different dimensions suggested and, at the practical level for management, we have perceived where to act at the individual level, to improve innovation and provide suggestions in the directions suggested here. This study is original and innovative because there are no general studies in the literature that have related all the dimensions addressed here, and there is little current research in the community pharmacy field.

PROJECT SUCCESS AND INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION OF PROJECT MANAGERS: RUSSIAN CONTEXT

Projects implemented in conditions of high uncertainty are sometimes called entrepreneurial projects. Success in such projects is more difficult to achieve. To successfully manage entrepreneurial projects, project managers should have entrepreneurial skills. The article explores two issues related to project success, entrepreneurial characteristics, and project uncertainty. First, the article tries to find out whether the increase in the entrepreneurial nature of the project, manifested in the increase in project goals and methods uncertainty, is accompanied by a decrease in project success. Second question is – does the entrepreneurial orientation of project managers affect project success and the relationship between the projects’ success and their entrepreneurial features. To answer these questions, data were collected from Russian project managers assessing the entrepreneurial nature of projects, project success and the individual entrepreneurial orientation of project-managers. The collected data were examined using factor and regression analysis. The findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between the entrepreneurial nature and such indicators of project success as internal efficiency, preparation for the future, and results for clients. Some indicators of success were positively associated with such indicators of entrepreneurial orientation as proactivity and risk taking. As uncertainty increased, some measures of individual entrepreneurial orientation of project managers can positively compensate negative impact on project success from uncertainty associated with projects’ entrepreneurial nature.

Individual entrepreneurial orientation on MSME's performance: the mediating effect of employee motivation and the moderating effect of government intervention

PurposeThis research would like to address the issues associated with individual entrepreneurial orientation, which involves entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial ability as the key determinants of MSME growth. It will also explore both mediating and moderating roles of employee motivation and government intervention, respectively during the pandemic situation.Design/methodology/approachA purposive sampling technique was applied during pilot study and during the final data collection phases. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using varimax rotation to reduce a large number of variables into a smaller set of interpretable underlying factors. Further CFA and SEM are respectively applied to examine the psychometric properties of the scales and test the hypotheses of the research model.FindingsThe study's findings revealed a favourable association between entrepreneurial orientation, business financing, management, market practices, and MSME growth performance. The results support the notion that government policy plays a significant role as a full moderator.Practical implicationsAlthough the MSME sector receives government support, its implementation requires a skilled leader who can run the business profitability. The findings support this objective.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to give important insights into one of the understudied but quickly expanding MSME entrepreneurship, and how this environment influences individual entrepreneurial orientation and the formation of entrepreneurial leadership. This opens up a previously unexplored area for fresh insights and future study on enhancing entrepreneurship development research and practice for the MSME sector.

The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on Technopreneurial Intention among Bumiputra Undergraduate Students

Malaysian government has implemented various programs to encourage entrepreneurship among Bumiputra youths. However, the number of young Bumiputra entrepreneurs is still far below the expectation. The fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) and 5G technology has highlighted the importance of technopreneurship. Unfortunately, technopreneurship is still considered new and many challenges remained. This study was geared towards identifying the factors influencing technopreneurial intention among Bumiputra students in Malaysia. It used self-administered questionnaire to survey 138 Bumiputra undergraduate students from a public university in Malaysia. It developed a research model which integrated self-efficacy theory and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) concept. Based on the analyses performed, it found that information and communication technology (ICT) self-efficacy and two elements of IEO (i.e.: risk-taking and pro-activeness) positively and significantly influenced technopreneurial intention. However, innovation did not influence technopreneurial intention significantly. As such, this study suggested that higher learning institution should realize the importance of technopreneurial education in developing competitive technopreneurs among Bumiputra youths. Furthermore, students should be given more opportunities to pro-actively search for business opportunities, handle actual business to learn risk management and attend ICT courses to increase their ICT capabilities. Keywords: Intention, Students, Technopreneurship, University

Delineating Government Policies and Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation

ABSTRACT The South African government, like other countries, has put in place a variety of support measures to aid potential entrepreneurs and existing entrepreneurs to expand their operations. It is unclear, to what extent understanding of these support measures impacts individual entrepreneurial orientation propensities (IEO). The study objective was to investigate the impact of government policy on IEO propensities of risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness to engage in entrepreneurial activity, from a systems analysis perspective. The research was carried out using mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative data). The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) from Smart PLS 3.0 software was employed to analyse the data. The study was limited to 235 entrepreneurs from various towns, cities, and settlements in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa who were present at Minara Chamber of Commerce Women’s Conference. The findings showed that government policy impact IEO propensities to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

Disentangling the individual entrepreneurial orientation and SMEs success nexus: an action-based interplay of exploration activities and entrepreneurial alertness

Purpose This study aims to extend the much-held strategic entrepreneurial orientation stance and conceptualized it as a psychological disposition of small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) owners. Based on this notion, the authors theorized that individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) is a precursor of success in manufacturing sector SMEs. Building on the credo of action regulation, the authors clarified the IEO and SMEs’ success association by introducing exploration activities as a conduit. Further, the authors posited that entrepreneurial alertness augments the nexus of IEO, exploration activities and SMEs success. Design/methodology/approach A three-wave survey was done by drawing a cluster-based sample of 389 SME owners in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The mediation and moderation analysis were done by PROCESS macro that uses bootstrapping with 5,000 draws to calculate the indirect (Model 4), conditional and conditional indirect effects (Model 7) at a 95% confidence interval. Findings The results offered empirical support to the conjectured association among IEO and SMEs’ success mediated by exploration activities. Moreover, the conditional direct (between IEO and exploration activities) and indirect impact (among IEO and SMEs’ success mediated by exploration activities) of entrepreneurial alertness was substantiated. Originality/value The authors added to the sprouting body of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurial orientation by focusing on its individual-level psychological conception. The authors have unlocked the interplay between IEO and SMEs’ success via the role of action characteristics of exploration activities and entrepreneurial alertness based on the action regulation tenet. Thus, the authors made a novel contribution by linking the micro-level entrepreneurial orientation and actions with macro-level SMEs' success.