HELMINTHOFAUNA OF HORSES IN TYUMEN REGION

Today, helminthous invasions in horses are one of the important problems for veterinary specialists, since the action of helminths significantly affects the general condition of horses, allergic and toxic manifestations of diseases are observed, external qualities are worsened, performance, endurance, natural resistance are reduced, which leads to the emergence of diseases of various etiologies. We set the goal – to study the helminthofauna of horses in the Tyumen region. For the study of horse helminthoses, an animal survey was conducted in the period 2017–2020. As a result of the data obtained, it was found that horses have a mixed helminthose invasion consisting of nematodes of the Oxyuridae family (Oxyuris equi) during the parasitization of which, in horses, it was revealed – the rumpleness of the hair-covering of the dock, the formation of bald patches and the release of white plaque from the anal orifice, with Ascaridae (Parascaris equorum) there were seizures of cough and nasal secretions, as well as horses had reduced appetite and increased fatigue, with Strongyloididae (Strongyloides westeri) – foals had a delay in molting and an increase in abdominal volume, the Strongylata suborder caused digestive disorder with colic attacks. To prevent the spread of helminthous invasions, it is necessary to carry out the main integrated system for control helminthosis, which includes veterinary, sanitary and therapeutic and preventive events.

Sirenomelia With Anhydramnios: A Clue From the Movements of Fetal Limbs

Sirenomelia is a rare, lethal congenital malformation of the fetus, typically characterized by the fusion of lower limbs and additional malformations involving the lumbosacral spine and urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. We report a case of sirenomelia with anhydramnios detected during anomaly scan where the fetus had normal morphology of long bones of the lower limbs. There were associated abnormalities of the lumbosacral spine (caudal dysgenesis). The abortus had fused lower limbs, absent external genitalia and anal orifice, single umbilical artery, and Potter facies. We also highlight the interesting diagnostic challenges faced by us during this antenatal ultrasound. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of sirenomelia where the synchronous movement of lower limbs was a clue that led to the timely antenatal detection of this rare entity. This ultimately helped in perinatal counseling of parents to decide on termination of pregnancy.

FLAP METHOD WHEN OPERATING ATRESIAE ANI VE- STIBULARIS

As you know, anomalies in the development of the anal orifice are divided: into complete atresia - when it is completely absent, and into incomplete, when the aperture, being placed in a normal place, is too narrow to pass fecal masses (stenosis), or the intestine opens on some in another place, either in the back wall of the vagina along its length behind the hymen (abouchement retro-hymenal), or in front of it; ex. въ fossa navicularis (abouch. ant-hymenal). In embryonic life), the rectum and urogenital parts open in the urogenital sinus or cloaca, formed from the connection of the gradually deepening genital sulcus with allantois, the opening of the Mllerian canal and rectum, and the intestine is separated from the Mllerian canal by a plate and the fetus crotch tissue.

Four Cases of Perineal Groove—Experience of a Greek Maternity Hospital

Perineal groove is a well-defined clinical entity that belongs to a broader group of anorectal malformations. It is characterized by a non-epithelialized mucous membrane that appears as an erythematous sulcus in the perineal midline, extending from the posterior vaginal fourchette to the anterior anal orifice. The defect is gradually cicatrized, unless there are complications like infection, defecation disorders, trauma, and bleeding. The differential diagnosis includes several other conditions like trauma, infection, irritant dermatitis, lichen sclerosis, and ulcerated hemangioma. Since it is a rare malformation, it is often misdiagnosed and its presence often elicits unnecessary diagnostic workup and intervention. In this respect, neonatologists, dermatologists, or pediatric surgeons may under- or overestimate it. We report four cases of perineal groove out of 2250 live births at a Greek Maternity Hospital between September 2016 and April 2019. The “high” incidence of perineal groove cases in our Department allowed us to familiarize with this rare defect and minimize our clinical interventions.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Household Cats (Felis silvestris catus)

Background: In Brazil, cats in households has recently increased dramatically, likely due to their lower space and care requirements. We need to know the health of these companion animal species, since they have behavioral patterns that make them an important link in the epidemiological chain. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL) are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. The goal of this study is to detect strains of Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and evaluate the bacterial resistance profile in isolated cats (Felis silvestris catus) that live in a city located at west of Parana state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Swabs were aseptically collected from the anal orifice and oral cavity of 49 female domestic cats that were healthy upon clinical and physical examination, a minimum age of one year, weighing up to 3 kg, and had attended a veterinary clinic specializing in cats, in order to, later, perform the isolation and bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensibility phenotypic test and the phenotypic test to detect ESBL producer strains. From the 98 swabs collected it was possible to perform the bacterial isolation in 68 samples; 40.81% isolated from anal orifice and 28.57% isolated from oral cavity. From rectal and oral cavities 77.50% and 71.42% of the isolated were identified as Escherichia coli respectively, being 2.94% considered ESBL producer strains. In relation to bacterial resistance the antibiotics that shown more resistance in anal orifice were ampicillin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and aztreonam. In oral cavity they were ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and nalidixic acid; and the bacterial resistance index shown that 39.70% were considered high level risk.Discussion: Household cats have a very important role in society, since the benefits they provide to their owners are clear, however, it is worth pointing out that these animals also pose risks to human health, caused by the transmission of zoonoses and also the possibility of transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between bacteria of animal and human origin, as well as between bacteria of the normal microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms of diferents origins. Therefore, it is important to understand the health of these companion animal species, because they exhibit behavioral patterns that make them an important link in the epidemiological chain of potentially infectious microorganisms, which may show antimicrobial resistance. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL) are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. These enzymes hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic structure, inactivating them. Nowadays bacterial resistance is considered to be one of the greatest problems in public health worldwide, as infections and diseases outbraks are caused by multiresistant bacteria are more and more frequent. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of strains of Enterobacteriaceae family associated to the high bacterial resistance, with samples that indicate ESBL producer strains in domiciled cats, in a city of west Parana state in Brazil. These results confirm that these cats can be considered as reservoirs of different microbial agents and resistance gens, being a health problem by the possibility of dissemination. The cat population is multiplying in a higher proportion compared to dogs and may probably became predominant in less than one decade. Due this situation and thinking about human, animal and environmental health new phenotypic studies to confirm the resistance gens and ESBL producers should be conducted in this specie.

Colonic casts: unexpected complications of colonic ischaemia

Introduction Extensive colonic ischaemia can result in passage of a colonic ‘cast’ (CC) through the rectum. Case Study We report a 69-year-old male who initially underwent surgery to remove a sessile polyp. On postoperative day (POD)15, he was febrile, suffering from diarrhoea, and was treated conservatively. On POD18, the patient returned to our hospital with a CC that presented after defaecation. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a CC extending from the descending colon to the anal orifice with presentation of air between the affected colonic wall and the CC. The patient was treated conservatively and discharged on POD20 without complications having passed the CC (≈80cm) completely and becoming afebrile. Conclusions In most cases, the cause of CC passage is surgery for colorectal cancer or repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. A mild-to-severe presentation is dependent upon the bowel-wall layers affected by ischaemia and which therefore are included in the CC.

Sirenomelia with Potter's facies - a case report

A specimen of Sirenomelia from the department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry is presented here. This specimen was examined in detail and X-Ray was taken. On examination, the specimen showed i) Fused lower limb like a stump, ii) Undifferentiated genital organs, iii) Widely spaced nipples, iv) Receded chin and webbed neck, v) Low set large ears, vi) Epicanthal fold, vii) Flattened nose, viii) Absence of anal orifice. Fused lower limbs with associated undifferentiated genital organs and absence of anal orifice was found interesting to study and reported here as a case. The presence of Fused lower limb like a stump is suggestive of Sirenomelia and presence of i) Widely spaced nipples ii) Receded chin and webbed neck, iii) Low set large ears, v) Epicanthal fold, vi) Flattened nose is suggestive of Potter's Facies. It is presented here due to rarity of occurrence of such anomaly.

Variation of the anal resting pressure induced by postexpiratory apnea effort in patients with constipation

CONTEXT: Intestinal constipation - a common symptom among the general population - is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to an improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during evacuation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, by manometric data, the anal pressure variation at rest, during evacuation effort by using the Valsalva maneuver and forced post-expiratory apnea in subjects with secondary constipation. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (19 females - 90.4%) with a mean age of 47.5 years old (23-72) were studied. The diagnosis was performed using anorectal manometry, with a catheter containing eight channels disposed at the axial axis, measuring the proximal (1) and distal (2) portions of the anal orifice. The elevation of the pressure values in relation to the resting with the evacuation effort was present in all patients. The Agachan score was used for clinical evaluation of constipation. The variables studied were: mean anal pressure of the anal orifice for 20 seconds at rest, the effort of evacuation using Valsalva maneuver and the effort of evacuation during apnea after forced expiration, as well as the area under the curve of the manometric tracing at moments Valsalva and apnea. RESULTS: The analysis of the mean values of the anal pressure variation at rest evidenced difference between proximal and distal channels (P = 0.007), independent of the moment and tendency to differ during moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.06). The mean of values of the area under the manometric tracing curve showed differences between moments Valsalva and apnea (P = 0.0008), either at the proximal portion or at the distal portion of the anal orifice. CONCLUSION: The effort of evacuation associated with postexpiratory apnea, when compared with the effort associated with the Valsalva maneuver, provides lower elevation of anal pressure at rest by the parameter area under the curve.

Endoscopic Retrieval of Migrated IUCD from the Rectum

ABSTRACT A 23 years old patient had presented with history of 2 to 3 cm white thread protruding out of anal orifice and pricking pain while defecating. On examination found to have impacted Cu-T in postfornix. X-ray and CT-scan delineated exact position of Cu-T. Laparoscopic retrieval was done successfully. Complications of fecal contamination was avoided by meticulous bowel preparation.