PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE OWNERSHIP RIGHT ACQUISITION TO THE OWNERLESS PROPERTY BY A MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY (THE CASE OF BARNAUL CITY)

The article is devoted to the issues of ownerless property, its legal nature, and the right of municipalauthority to acquire ownership of the ownerless property. The research is drawing on the practice cases ofAltai Krai courts and the Committee for the management of the municipal property of Barnaul city.

‘Where does water go’? A critical analysis of nature of water crisis in Darjeeling city, India

Water crisis is such a phenomenon that almost every city experiences to some extent these days. Nature, dimensions, and impact of the crisis vary based on spatial diversity. This article attempts to critically analyse the nature of water crisis and to find out the reasons behind such crisis in Darjeeling city. The city’s public water supply is mainly controlled by the municipal authority, and water is supplied from the Senchal lakes. The centralised system, developed by the British in the early nineteenth century, is not sufficient for the entire city at present, and not affordable for all classes as well. Primarily the scarcity emerged due to the city’s population growth, and the city’s changing commercial nature, especially the booming tourism sector. And the age-old water infrastructure cannot cope with the fast-growing demand for water. Moreover, still now municipal authority does not consider a large number of transitory population, while calculating the water demand. Massive gap exists between the actual water scarcity observed in the field and the scarcity shown in the official data. Therefore, a reconsideration of municipal water budget is required to manage water resources and services sustainably. Using both the quantitative and qualitative methods, this empirical study critically assesses the existing gap between demand and supply, and also explores the process of illegal flow of water thus making the scarcity even more intense. It argues for fair and active water governance to minimise the demand–supply gap, and active community participation to ensure water justice to the commons.

Pothole Detection and Reporting System

Potholes on roads are the major problem for citizens acting as pedestrians as well as drivers. Government bodies which consist of engineers and workers are responsible to detect damages on roads and fix those damages. A recent study stated that every year around 3,597 people die due to potholes. The size and depth of the pothole may vary in a different place. Potholes had to be taken seriously. This system consists of a citizen with a handheld android/ios device with internet and GPS enabled, gathering the data in form of images and reporting to the government along with Geo-location. The study focuses on collecting and analyzing the datasets of potholes that are clicked by the users and detection of a pothole in that image via the TensorFlow Lite Model. The object detection system TensorFlow Lite is used for detecting the potholes, it shows that we can identify potholes from images clicked by the citizens and uploaded by the same application on the server and if a pothole is detected it ensures the complete reporting to the municipal authority along with the location. Index Term: Potholes, Android, GPS, Geo-location, Tensor- Flow Lite, Datasets, Reporting.

Persistent Droughts and Water Scarcity: Households’ Perceptions and Practices in Makhanda, South Africa

Households in many cities worldwide consume substantial amounts of water, but increasing aridity will result in serious water supply challenges in the future. In South Africa, droughts are now a common phenomenon, with severe implications on water supply for urban households. Developing interventions to minimise the impacts of drought requires understanding of users’ perceptions of water scarcity, water use practices, and participation in water conservation practices. Using household surveys across different income groups (low, medium, and high) in Makhanda, South Africa, this study investigates households’ perceptions of water scarcity, water use, and conservation practices as a basis for designing pathways for sustainable water use practices. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of households were aware of water scarcity and attributed it to poor municipal planning rather than drought and wasteful use practices. Households reported good water use behaviour, but wasteful practices (e.g., regular flushing of toilets) were evident. Gender, age, education, and environmental awareness influenced water use practices, but the relationships were generally weak. Households participated in water conservation measures but felt the local municipal authority lagged in addressing water supply challenges. The implications of the study are discussed.

Persiapan Dinas Pariwisata Daerah Tingkat II Sleman dalam Menyambut Pariwisata 2005 dan Otonomi Daerah

In the next 2005, RIPPNAS and WTO report that either foreign or domestic tourist is still coming to Indonesia, even move than 8,4 to 10 millions at the end of 2010. The declaration of municipal authority written in UU No. 22, 1999 conduct Yogyakarta tourism development, especially Sleman district. This research is done not only to know how far Sleman as the whole prepares in future but found that the government has already developed the tourism sector as well, such as putting down in RIPPDA, without neglecting the national, regional and economic life. Tourism's growing supported by natural, human resources and other side involve such as culture and business.

Smart cities

Smart cities - which municipal authority does not want them? The complex societal issues - "wicked problems" - of the 21st century really are made concrete at the city level. Whereas politicians in The Hague, Brussels or Washington can endlessly discuss thorny issues like, say climate change, traffic congestion or their own Wars on Drugs, municipal decision makers need to get their act together now. How are we going to heat our buildings in winter and cool them in summer? How can we make city traffic flow more smoothly while emitting less pollution? How can we prevent social disruption due to drug trafficking in the hoods?

Supporting and Non-supporting Entities of the Mayor in Polish Municipalities with Cohabitation

In the present legal state, the mayor is an important political leader in Polish municipalities. On account of being elected in direct elections and enjoying a broad range of powers, he/she is a natural local leader. Another municipal authority is the council, which fulfills decision-making and supervisory functions. Whether the mayor can effectively act depends on the outcome of elections and, in consequence, the council’s composition. Elections may lead to the phenomenon of cohabitation. This occurs when the mayor does not have the support of an absolute majority in the council or represents the opposite political camp to the members of the municipal council. Taking into account 1,737 questionnaires and 74 interviews, it turns out that mayors do not operate in a political and administrative vacuum. Even if they make decisions on their own, they need internal (councilors, local government employees) and external (entrepreneurs, representatives of NGOs, the Catholic Church, political parties) help.

The Resurgence of Informal Settlements in Cuidad Juarez: Estrella Sol del Poniente, Causes and Conditions

The growth of informal settlements in the city of Cuidad Juarez have been part of the historical development of urbanization of the city. The sporadic rise in the disturbing trend was later grounded to halt by the agencies of government across the 3 tiers, namely, municipal, state, and federal. Outstandingly, the growth of the city of Cuidad Juarez and the existence of slums was largely pronounced by location and the neoliberalist ideology of the commodification of human needs. The rise of an informal settlement in recent times in the city, namely Estralla Sol del Poniente was basically due to the population growth in irregular settlements otherwise known as colonia which have prompted those living in precarious conditions to re-establish a habitat of their own. The living condition of characterizing a slum are poor public services such as water supply, sanitation, lack of electricity, among others. Through the methodology of qualitative research, the ethnography findings suggest that lack of trust in government agencies which also have reinforced social exclusion have further justified the construction of informal settlements. There is the need for the municipal authority of the border city to understand that the ripple effects of the immediate past have raised its ugly repercussions. The need to subjectively understand policies the effectiveness of land policies and all-inclusive urban housing, skill acquisitionand firm legislative and executive policy implementation would further control the rise of slums.