The para digm of sense context as a rule forming environment

The transition to a new paradigm of the semantic context should be based on a new kind of abstraction of human actions in the form of a universal semantic factor, which is “comparable to the subject in perfection”. An idea is formed about the basic abstract construction of meaning as a methodological means (approach) for organizing data into rules for performing actions. An example of using the proposed abstraction of meaning for organizing the unity of the analysis of the existing method and the synthesis of a new one is considered.

The Event as a Value Factor in the Development of Art-Market

The article explores the problems of the art market through the prism of philosophical and cultural consideration of the phenomenon of the event. The attending of art fairs and biennials has become an important part of the cultural life of modern people, so cultural study of these events make it possible to identify them as a factor in the development of contemporary art and a tool to expand the understanding of current art trends in the 21st century by visitors. The author of the article investigates the phenomenon of the events in the context of the art market as a value-semantic factor of the development of contemporary culture. Justifying and developing the thesis on the meaningful aspect of the art market event, the event is considered as a unit of cultural experience and the factor of cultural development. The art has long been instrumental in imparting the meaning and the value to the group meetings of people, so the cultural study of the event as a value and semantic factor in the development of the art market will help to understand visitors’ values and meanings. The conceptualization of the events is possible thanks to cultural anthropology, which is the source of knowledge about the culture, including holidays, customs and rituals. The analysis of the biennials and the art fairs as the events will help to understand the essence of the art market, its gravitas for the development of modern society.

Recommendation System for Video Streaming Websites Based on User Feedback

Now a days world business organizations are mostly focused in e-commerce for enlightening their business as well as supporting their users. In the modern era, vast amount of information is generated from the internet which is open to the users. Recommendation system is midway between internet and user which expects user interests. This paper primarily focusing on developing the recommendation system for video streaming sites. The recommendation engine mainly works on content based, collaborative based filtering algorithms. But both has limitations in their own way. The content-based filtering has a shortcoming that, it restricts recommendations of the items that are of same category. Whereas in the collaborative-based filtering algorithm, it doesn’t recommend items based on the user’s past behavior. So, this system is developed using a hybrid algorithm to overcome the problems of above two algorithms by retrieving feedback from the users and calculating semantic factor from the feedback to improve the efficiency of the recommendation system. So that lets companies can better understand the user, make available personalized stores, and increases the satisfaction of the customer and their loyalty

När faktorer lyser med sin frånvaro: om några typer av betydelsevariation hos svenska idiom

In this paper, I explore certain types of semantic variation that recur in 36 Swedish idioms when used in contemporary newspaper material (slightly more than 33.7 million running words). The semantic analysis of the idioms is infl uenced by studies of lexemes. The idioms are described according to the principle of factor analysis, meaning that I have attempted to differentiate semantic factors that can be considered building blocks in the internal semantic structure constituting the conventionalized meaning of the idioms. Defi nitions of the expressions were then based on the semantic factors. One type of variation entails the manifestation of a specifi c semantic factor in certain cases when the idiom is used. Other times, the relevant factor is absent. In a different type of variation, one particular semantic factor is replaced by another. The study reported here should be useful in a variety of ways, including as a basis for comparison between how semantic variation appears in different types of fi xed phrases and lexemes.

The exclusive interpretation of plural nominals in quantificational environments

In some contexts, plural nominals have inclusive interpretation, allowing atoms in their reference domain; in others, they are exclusive, allowing only sums. Selecting between the two interpretations has been shown to be sensitive to both world-knowledge pressures (Farkas & de Swart 2010) and contextual relevance (Grimm 2010). The principal semantic factor claimed to be involved is monotonicity direction (Sauerland, Anderssen & Yatsushiro 2005; Spector 2007; Zweig 2009; Farkas & de Swart 2010): upward monotone environments tend to select exclusive readings; downward monotone ones, inclusive readings. In four image verification experiments, we tested this claim and found support for the generalization. The effect of monotonicity direction, however, is small. Moreover we find that varying whether a plural is in the scope of a quantified description has a much larger effect on the prevalence of the exclusive interpretation. This suggests that monotonicity, though involved, is not a decisive factor in plural interpretation.

Testing the Semantic Homogeneity Constraint

Although it has been widely assumed in historical linguistics that semantics plays a crucial role in analogical change, it is difficult to pinpoint the contribution of the semantic factor, since meaning and form work closely together in bringing about language change. The purpose of the present article is to shed light on the issue by means of two case studies from Russian, which enable us to isolate the role of semantics. The hypothesis we test is that analogical change is restricted to semantically homogeneous domains. We call this the Semantic Homogeneity Constraint. Two phenomena from Russian conjugation are explored: suffix shift and NU-drop. Although they seem parallel, analogical change occurs in the former, but not in the latter. It is argued that this is because the verbs involved in suffix shift constitute a semantically homogeneous domain, within which analogical change can take place. By contrast, NU-verbs are semantically diverse, and these semantic differences create boundaries which block analogical change. The findings have implications both for Russian and general linguistics. While suffix shift and NU-drop are well-known phenomena in Russian conjugation, they have not been juxtaposed and compared before. Our comparison provides new insights about the differences and similarities of the two phenomena. From the perspective of historical linguistics, the present article contributes to the theory of analogy, insofar as we provide empirical evidence for the Semantic Homogeneity Constraint, which places restrictions on semantic domains where analogical change can take place.

Word Order Flexibility and Adjacency Preferences: Competing Forces and Tension in the Greek VP

The present paper aims at further investigating the relative degree of flexibility of constituent order in Greek, which has been classified as a free word order language (Tzartzanos 1946, 1963; Greenberg 1963; Philippaki-Warburton 1982, 1985, 1987; Lascaratou 1984, 1989, 1994, among others). In this study we present additional evidence in support of the view expressed in Lascaratou (1989, 1994, 1999) that, though very flexible, Greek word order is not completely free, but rather it is the result of tension between competing forces determining linear arrangements. Focusing on the analysis of various VP structures drawn from the Hellenic National Corpus (HNC)™, we observe that no single (syntactic and/or lexical/semantic) factor appears to override the others in a salient manner, the relative strength of each individual factor not always being clearly and reliably measurable. In particular, it seems that constituent length does not constitute a more important factor than the syntactic and/or lexical/semantic relations holding between elements in the Greek VP. What is more, with respect to the concept of “adjacency” put forward by Hawkins (2001, 2004) to interpret the preference for certain linearization patterns vs. others, we propose that constituent length essentially operates in a substantially different way and direction than syntactic and/or lexical/semantic dependency relations. More specifically, while—for parsing efficiency—constituent length may often be responsible for the postposition of heavy constituents thus resulting in the disruption of adjacency by separating elements which “belong together”, syntactic and/or lexical/semantic relations, on the other hand, intrinsically motivate the adjacency of elements which “belong together”, thus resisting any rearrangement that would bring them apart.