Re-imagining education

FORUM is part of the movement for instituting a system of comprehensive education. Such a system would, among other things, prevent selection of young people for different types of education in different types of schools. It would do so principally on the grounds that a selective system educationally damages all young people in it. Commitment to a system of comprehensive education entails a particular conception of human educability: that it is limitless. Such a view is radically at odds with the conception of human educability which informs arguments in support of educational selection between types of school and also within schools of any type. It poses a host of questions which adherents of comprehensive education must continue to address, related to all aspects of an education system: the nature of learning and teaching, how those who learn are to be regarded and how their learning might best be assessed, what is to be taught, how those who are taught may be grouped and organised in school, how education and democracy, school and community entwine, and more broadly, the social purposes of education. To envisage a comprehensive system is to re-imagine education thoroughly.

Selective system based on fragments of the M1 virus for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformation

Background. A selective system based on the M1 virus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was proposed. Methods. To create a recipient strain, a DNA fragment encoding the killer toxin of the M1 virus under the control of the regulated promoter of the GAL1 gene was inserted into the genome of S. cerevisiae strains Y-1236 and Y-2177. Results. Integration of such expression cassette leads to the conditional lethality - resulting strains die on a medium with galactose when killer toxin synthesis occurs. A linear DNA fragment containing the gene of interest flanked by sequences homologous to the promoter of the GAL1 gene and the termination region of the CYC1 gene is used to transform the obtained strains. During transformation due to homologous recombination, the sequence encoding the killer toxin is cleaved and the transformants grow on a medium with galactose. Conclusion. The proposed selective system combines the main advantages of other systems: the use of simple media, without the need to add expensive antibiotics, and a simplified technique for constructing expression cassettes and selecting transformants.

Highly Robust and Selective System for Water Pollutants Removal: How to Transform a Traditional Photocatalyst into a Highly Robust and Selective System for Water Pollutants Removal

Highly porous monolithic aerogels based on ZnO photocatalyst and syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) were obtained by supercritical CO2 treatment of ZnO/s-PS gels. The prepared aerogels were characterized and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated using phenol and toluene as water pollutant models. The s-PS nanoporous crystalline phase, able to absorb pollutant molecules, was proven to be necessary to ensure high photocatalytic efficiency as the aerogel acts not only as a support, but also as pollutant pre-concentrator. The reusability of ZnO/s-PS aerogels is also strong showing no decrease in photocatalytic activity after six consecutive degradation trials. Finally, the aerogel matrix prevents ZnO dissolution occurring under acidic conditions and promotes a selective removal of the pollutants. The synergy between the photocatalyst and the innovative polymeric support provides the composite system with robustness, chemical stability, easy recovery after treatment, high efficiency of pollutant removal with a marked selectivity which make these materials promising for large scale applications.

SELECTIVE SYSTEM IN VITRO «FUNGI COLLETOTRICHUM LINI - LINEN» AS AN EFFICIENT WAY TO FIND OUT GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO THE POD SPOT

The research aims at development of an effective selective agent in vitro system for founding linseed genotypes resistant to the pod spot. The authors see the object of research as varieties and lines of flax Linum usitatissimum L., which differ in their resistance to the pod spot. Fungi strains differed in their virulence. The authors applied methods of such scientists as Dospekhov and Kurchakova, methodological guidance on foundation, maintenance, storage and practical application of microorganisms, i.e. flax pathogens. This results in creation of selective in vitro system “Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley fungus – flax”. This system selects in vitro flax cells resistant to culture filtrate, from which it is possible to obtain regenerated plants resistant to the pathogen with greater efficiency. The authors enumerate the aminoacids that were found in the culture filtrates of the investigated pathogen strains; they are alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, asparagine and glutamic acids, arginine and threonine. The authors outline the observed relationship between flax cell responsiveness and fungi pathogen in the environment of the fungius - anthracnose pathogen - on the value of the explant. Anthers cells in selection conditions were less resistant than those of immature embryos. The researchers observed the impact of flax genotype on cells ability to morphogenesis under selection conditions. Genotype cells L 957-8-7, Alexim, Pendzhab, Zaryanka had high morphogenetic activity. Morphogenetic capacities of genotypes L 1506-8-4 and Rosinka were rather low by the 2nd-3rd passages. When designing the scheme of flax selection in vitro for resistance to anthracnotism, 86 shoots were obtained, the check of which on the artificial infectious-provocative background showed that the genotypes differed in their resistance. The authors observed forms less resistant to the disease as well as resistant and medium resistant lines (at the level of 50 - 75%). The parameters of resistance in resistant and medium resistant genotypes were 12 - 37% higher than in the initial forms.

Селективная система invitro "гриб Colletotrichum lini – лён" как эффективный способ создания генотипов льна, устойчивых к антракнозу

Цель исследования заключалась в разработке эффективной селективной системы invitro для создания устойчивых к антракнозу генотипов льна. В качестве объекта исследований использованы сорта и линии льна Linum usitatissimum L., различающиеся по устойчивости к антракнозу. Штаммы гриба, включённые в исследования, различались по вирулентности. В исследованиях использовали методики Доспехова, Курчаковой, Методические рекомендации по созданию, поддержанию, хранению и практическому использованию Коллекции микроорганизмов возбудителей болезней льна. В результате разработана селективная система invitro гриб Colletotrichum lini Mannset Bolley лён, позволяющая отбирать клетки льнадолгунца invitro, устойчивые к культуральному фильтрату, из которых с большей эффективностью можно получать растениярегенеранты, устойчивые к патогену. В культуральных фильтратах исследуемых штаммов возбудителя установлено наличие аминокислот: аланин, глицин, аспарагин, цистеин, аспарагиновая и глютаминовая кислоты, аргинин, треонин. Выявлена зависимость отзывчивости клеток льна на присутствие в среде продуктов жизнедеятельности гриба возбудителя антракноза от величины экспланта. Клетки пыльников в селективных условиях были более уязвимы, чем клетки незрелых зародышей. Выявлено влияние генотипа льна на потенции клеток к морфогенезу в селективных условиях. Клетки генотипов Л 95787, Алексим, Пенджаб, Зарянка обладали высокой морфогенетической активностью. Морфогенетический потенциал генотипов Л 150684, Росинка был исчерпан уже ко 23 пассажу. При разработке схемы селекции льна invitro на устойчивость к антракнозу получено 86 побегов, проверка которых на искусственном инфекционнопровокационном фоне показала, что генотипы различались по устойчивости. Наряду с устойчивыми и среднеустойчивыми к антракнозу линиями (на уровне 5075) были и формы, восприимчивые к болезни. У устойчивых и среднеустойчивых генотипов параметры устойчивости были на 1237 выше, чем у исходных форм.The purpose of the research was to develop an effective selective system invitro for the creation of flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose. Flax varieties and lines of Linum usitatissimum L. differing in resistance to anthracnose were used as the object of research. The fungal strains included in the researches differed in virulence. Dospekhov and Kurchakovas methods, Methodical recommendations on the creation, maintenance, storage and practical use of the Collection of microorganisms of flax pathogens were used in the researches. As a result, a selective invitro system called Fungal Colletotrichum lini Mannset Bolleyflax has been developed which allows the selection of cells of longstalked flax invitro resistant to culture filtrate from which pathogenresistant regenerants can be obtained with greater efficiency. In the culture filtrates of the studied pathogen strains the presence of amino acids is established: alanine, glycine, asparagine, cysteine, aspartic and glutamic acid, arginine, threonine. The dependence of the responsiveness of flax cells to the presence in the environment of waste products of the fungus, the causative agent of anthracnose, on the size of the explant was revealed. Anther cells under selective conditions were more vulnerable than cells of immature germs. The influence of flax genotype on cell potency to morphogenesis in selective conditions has been revealed. Cells of genotypes L 95787, Alexim, Penjab, Zaryanka possessed high morphogenetic activity. The morphogenetic potential of genotypes L 150684, Rosinka was exhausted already by passage 23. When developing a plan for the selection of flax invitro for resistance to anthracnose 86 shoots were obtained, checking them on an artificial infectiousprovocative background showed that the genotypes differed in resistance. Along with resistant and moderately resistant to anthracnose lines (at a level of 5075), there were also forms susceptible to the disease. In resistant and moderately resistant genotypes, resistance parameters were 1237 higher than in the original forms.

Suksesi Kepemimpinan Nasional Secara Selektif Berjenjang: Solusi Permasalahan Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia

A variety of weaknesses and problems arise in the current electoral system, including high-cost political participation as well as weak leadership regeneration system. This article presents a solution to the problem through a new mechanism of leadership succession from the lowest level (neighborhood association) to the highest level (president). A literature review method is used in this study with a focus on; 1) the selection of leader by returning the principle of deliberation and consensus as a feature of Pancasila democracy; 2) the regeneration of leaders through a tiered selective system; and 3) discussion of the process of implementing leadership succession from the lowest to the highest level. Through this new concept of leadership succession, expensive political cost becomes relatively cheap, minimizing the emergence of corrupt behavior, the elected leader has a clear track record and avoid social division and conflict.