Study of Pavement Micro- and Macro-Texture Evolution Due to Traffic Polishing Using 3D Areal Parameters

Pavement micro- and macro-texture have significant effects on roadway friction and driving safety. The influence of traffic polish on pavement texture has been investigated in many laboratory studies. This paper conducts field evaluation of pavement micro- and macro-texture under actual traffic polishing using three-dimensional (3D) areal parameters. A portable high-resolution 3D laser scanner measured pavement texture from a field site in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Then, the 3D texture data was decomposed to micro- and macro-texture using Fourier transform and Butterworth filter methods. Twenty 3D areal parameters from five categories, including height, spatial, hybrid, function, and feature parameters, were calculated to characterize pavement micro- and macro-texture. The results demonstrate that the 3D areal parameters provide an alternative to comprehensively characterize the evolution of pavement texture under traffic polish from different aspects.

Study Of Energy And Structure On Intermolecular Interactions In Organic Solvents Using Computational Chemistry Method

This study aims to determine the amount of energy, the difference in energy, the relationship between the amount of energy and the distance between compounds, and the interactions that occur in organic solvent molecules using computational chemistry methods. In determining the amount of energy and interactions that occur, computational chemistry calculations are used using NWChem software version 6.6 with the DFT method with the B3LYP hybrid function/basis set 6-31G, the calculation results are visualized using Jmol software. The results of calculations with large computations of energy for benzene are -230.62447487 KJ/mol, ethanol -154.01322923 KJ/mol, methanol -114.98816558 KJ/mol, hexane are -235.27001385 KJ/mol. Mixture of benzene and ethanol in a ratio of 1 : 1 -384.63823964 KJ/mol, 1 : 2 538.66009762 KJ/mol , and 2 : 1 - 615.26607558 KJ/mol. A mixture of benzene and methanol in a ratio of 1 : 1 -345.61255299 KJ/mol, 1 : 2 - 460.60826254 KJ/mol, and 2 : 1 -576.24044425 KJ/mol, a mixture of hexane and ethanol in a ratio of 1 : 1 - 389.28477268 KJ/mol, 1 : 2 -543.29869234 KJ/mol and 2 : 1 -624.55723290 KJ/mol. A mixture of hexane and methanol at a ratio of 1 : 1 -350.25984691 KJ/mol, 1 : 2 -465.26041654 KJ/mol and 2 : 1 -585.53373886 KJ/mole. The difference in energy is the most in a mixture of benzene and ethanol in a ratio of 1 : 2 -0.00916429 K /mol, in a mixture of benzene and methanol in a ratio of 1 : 2 - 0.00745651 KJ/mol, a mixture of hexane and ethanol in a ratio of 2 : 1 -0.00397597 KJ/mol, and a mixture of hexane and methanol in a ratio of 1 : 2 - 0.01407153 KJ/mol. and there is no relationship between the magnitude of the interaction energy of the mixture with the distance between the molecules.

Determining the Most Stable Structure of Benzamided Derivatives Using Density Functional Theory (DFT)

This study aims to determine the energy change ∆E and determine the most stable compound based on computation results using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. In determining the energy change ∆E and determining the most stable compound, computational chemical calculations were used using NWChem version 6.6 software with the DFT method with the B3LYP / 3-21G base set hybrid function, the results of the calculations were visualized using the Jmol software. The results of computational calculations on the compound Benzamide is 57467.3632844735 kJ / mol, (4 - chlorocarbonyl - benzial) - pyridine acid carbamics - 3 - ilmetyl ester is 641022.0125237265 kJ / mol, (4- phenylcarbamil benzyl) - pyridine acid carbamic - 3 - ilmetyl ester of 491144.0953277345 kJ / mol, [4- (2-nitro - phenyl carbamoyl) - benzyl] - pyridine acid carboxy - 3 - ilmetyl ester of 1031145,366027853 kJ / mol while for [4 - 2 (amino - phenyl carbamyl) - benzyl) - carboxylic acid - 3 - ilmetyl ester of -1034711.17423932 kJ / mol. Based on these data it can be concluded that [4 - 2 (amino - phenyl carbamyl) - benzyl) - carboxylic acid - 3 - ilmetyl ester is the most stable compound formed because of its lowest price (exothermic)

Oblong formaten en liedboeken in de zestiende eeuw

This article examines the earliest example of a Dutch printed songbook without musical notation in oblong format: Een Schoon Liedekensboeck (Antwerp, 1544), commonly known as the Antwerp Songbook. Its oblong format was probably inspired by music books, even if the advantages attached to this format only partially applied to songbooks without scores and notes. Even so, the Antwerp Songbook’s typography and lay-out do facilitate performance of the songs to some degree. Additionally, unlike contemporary books in oblong, this songbook’s title page is rotated 90 degrees to portrait orientation. This article contends that this hybrid shape underlines the book’s hybrid function: it was a music book intended for those who cannot or have no inclination to read music. Similarly, Een devoot ende profitelijck boecxken (Antwerp, 1539) stands out for having a comparable hybrid shape: it combines elements of music books (such as notes and the oblong format) with elements of vernacular song tradition and a title page in portrait orientation.

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF CUT QUALITY ON SS347 MATERIAL USING CO2 ASSISTED LASER BEAM CUTTING AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Laser Beam cutting is a type of non-conventional machining process in which the removal of materials takes place due to the melting and vaporization of material when the laser beam comes in contact with it. This work examines the impact of the cut quality characteristics of the SS347 material and to find reduced surface roughness, machining time and heat affected zone by laser beam cutting. The cutting process was assisted by CO2 gas pressure. Power, standoff distance, speed and CO2 gas pressure are the cutting parameters considered for this study and the output parameters measured are machining time, heat affected zone and surface roughness. In accordance with L-9 orthogonal arrays, the experiments were planned. Analysis of Variance has been used to study how input functions influence output functions which revealed that speed (59.75% and 89.75%) is the significant factor for machining time and surface roughness while power (91.27%) was the dominant factor for heat affected zone. Gas pressure did not have much influence in the output parameters. The mathematical expressions of the output are used as input for the multi-objective function of the genetic algorithm. Optimal solutions are compared to hybrid and without-hybrid functions. It is found that the hybrid function shows a higher performance compared to the without hybrid function.

The Passing Fads and Emergent Trends of Project Culture in Construction Industry

Project culture in construction industry is unique, distinguishing one project from others, and plays a role in the processing of construction projects. The aim of this paper is to conduct a holistic review of the extant literature and identify the future trends of project culture. The method of a systematic literature review was conducted to overview the extant articles on project culture in construction industry until 2019. After searching in ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we obtained a total number of 31 papers and refinement was made by content analysis. Four aspects were analyzed: the nature of project culture, the diagnosis of project culture, factors influencing project culture, and research focus. It provides a map of project culture from philosophy paradigms. And findings show that research on project culture was mainly from the function paradigm (the integration position) in which culture can be manipulated for better project performance. A few from nonfunction paradigm (the fragment position) stressed sense making of project culture. This study proposes a framework consisting of a hybrid function/nonfunction paradigms and diagnoses project culture from explicit and implicit aspects. These findings make a firm foundation for the exploration of project culture from multiperspectives in theory and practice.

Fast 3D Shape Measurement of Complex Objects Combining S-transform Profilometry and Sub-Pixel Refinement

In the fast 3D shape measurement of complex objects, the process of phase unwrapping affects the measurement accuracy and measurement speed. To omit phase unwrapping, a fast 3D shape measurement method is proposed based on S-transform profilometry and sub-pixel refinement. In this work, Deformed fringe pattern is analyzed based on S-transform to get wrapped phase. To reduce the effect of phase unwrapping, a stereo vision system is employed. Firstly, a deformed fringe pattern is directly used and a hybrid function is proposed to get an initial parallax. Secondly, a phase slope algorithm is proposed to confirm edge point. At last, sub-pixel parallax is refined fromIcoordinate. Experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method. Results verify that the proposed method can provide fast and accurate 3D shape measurement of complex objects, especially for discontinuous objects and shiny objects.

A Hybrid Function Approach to Solving a Class of Fredholm and Volterra Integro-Differential Equations

In this paper, we use a numerical method that involves hybrid and block-pulse functions to approximate solutions of systems of a class of Fredholm and Volterra integro-differential equations. The key point is to derive a new approximation for the derivatives of the solutions and then reduce the integro-differential equation to a system of algebraic equations that can be solved using classical methods. Some numerical examples are dedicated for showing the efficiency and validity of the method that we introduce.

The Functional Model of Analysis as Middle Ground Meta-Ethics

The main purpose of the paper is to present a new framework of meta-ethics which I call the Functional Model of Analysis. It presupposes that the most important meta-ethical question is not “What is the meaning of normative words, sentences and what is the ontological fabric of the moral world?” but “What should morality and ethics be for?”. It is a form of meta-ethics that focuses on finding theoretical resources that can be helpful in understanding ongoing ethical debates between disciples of Aristotle, Epicurus, the Stoics, Augustine, Hobbes, utilitarians and Kant, and in building normative ethical theories that can help us to answer normative questions. As an example of such output I will present a formal sketch of Hybrid Function Consequentialism – a normative ethical theory based upon the meta-ethical framework proposed here.