Anthropological Aspects of the Digital Transformation of Society: Articulating the Problem

The general logic of the informatization process, its pace and scale are illustrated here based on the analysis of documented solutions and practices of digital transformation in modern Russia (including the Arkhangelsk Region). Covering the spheres of the economy, social life, and public administration, digital transformation alters the social space, actualizes and shifts the focus to anthropological problems. This paper suggests considering the following questions. What is the place of a person in a rapidly changing world? What can be opposed to the deformation of the existential dimensions of personality? What efforts and in what direction should be made to preserve the human nature (humanity) of a person? What is the role of the state, culture, and religion in solving anthropological problems: what tools do they have to solve them? The analysis shows that time has come to take deliberate steps to find answers and solutions. The traditional humanitarian paradigm defines a person as a standard of truth, paving the way for struggle of interests, politicization of all spheres of activity, and the rule of force. Philosophers have been talking about the limitations of this paradigm throughout the last century, as the established new European approach demonstrates the reality of the “death of the human”. The author suggests turning to the idea of achieving spiritual maturity, transformation, and improvement of a person. This idea rests on the thousand-year-old Russian Orthodox culture. Russian philosophers focused on it for a reason: being based on the values that formed the archetype of Russian people, the idea of internal (and, first of all, moral) transformation of a person has great potential. Today, however, it is poorly understood and rather underestimated. Considering this idea within the framework of the nation state–culture–religion triad and implementing it could be of great benefit, becoming a compensatory mechanism for solving anthropological problems of the digital transformation of society.

Systematization of the Russian Legislation in the Soviet Period

The paper studies the reasons, forms, and stages of the systematization of the national legislation in the Soviet period. The reasons are of two origins: due to the need to adapt legislation for economic and social improvement and to the general logic of the development of law and its institutionalization by sectors. The author defines the following historical stages in the systematization of legislation: 1918–1920s; 1930 – mid-1950s; late 1950s – 1980s. The first stage included a comprehensive development of codes of the Soviet legislation that defined the legislation system. Drafts of the Soviet codes were developed in the second stage; however, they were not approved. At the third stage all major branches of the Soviet legislation were defined as codes. Codes of the 1920s were replaced by acts with current regulations; for the first time in the Soviet history codes were adopted in a number of sectors. Based on the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the USSR and the Union republics, the fundamentals of the Soviet legislation and republican codes were adopted. Despite the fact that codification was the primary form of systematization of the Soviet legislation, incorporation was widely used as well. Chronological and systematic collections of laws were published. In the late 1920s, the State first attempted to compile a code of laws of the USSR; however, the USSR Code of Laws and the RSFSR Code of Laws were prepared and published only in the 1980s. Throughout the Soviet period, the systematization of legislation was an important area of state legal policy.

THE BEGINNING OF CULTURAL MEMORY PRODUCTION IN CHINA AND THE MEMORY POLICY OF THE ZHOU ROYAL HOUSE DURING THE WESTERN ZHOU PERIOD

This article explores how the memory of the conquest of Shang and the rise of the first Zhou kings was transmitted during the early centuries of the Zhou dynasty, specifically as it was reflected in inscriptions on excavated bronze vessels and bells from the Western Zhou period (ca. mid-eleventh to early eighth century b.c.e.). Approaching these inscribed objects and their texts from the perspective of the theories of social memory and cultural memory reveals that commemorating the foundational past of the dynasty became part of an intentional policy of the Zhou royal house as early as the first half of the tenth century b.c.e. It demonstrates that by the mid-tenth century b.c.e., a stable narrative emphasizing Kings Wen 文 and Wu 武 as the founding fathers of the Zhou dynasty was established at the expense of King Cheng 成, whose role was gradually downplayed following the general logic of lineage organization, according to which the commemoration of the earliest common ancestors serves as the foundation of corporate integrity in a network of patrilineally related families. It shows that most of the men who included such commemorations in inscriptions indeed belonged to the royal patrilineal network, wherein they occupied the highest positions. It further exemplifies that the royal house cultivated the memory of the first kings using various media, including rituals, utensils, royal speeches, and inscriptions. From the analysis of such inscriptions, we can infer that that the foundational memory of the Zhou dynasty was usually reactivated in the context of political negotiations, some of which included addressing lineage outsiders. Finally, it shows that both the royal house and other metropolitan lineages modified the foundational narrative according to their current needs. This article thus contributes both to tracing the roots of the early Chinese historiographic tradition and to understanding memory production in a society as an ongoing process of negotiations and adaptations.

Moral regulation as status politics: A critical reconstruction of Joseph R. Gusfield’s theory

Sociology of moral regulation has been interested in different kinds of morally charged social movements, such as the temperance movement, to investigate the social reasons why people take part in such movements. One answer is provided by Joseph Gusfield’s classic analysis of the American temperance movement, The Symbolic Crusade, published in 1963. The status politics theory developed therein provides a potential explanation of participation in moral regulation movements. This paper reconstructs the general logic of status politics explanations from an actor-centred perspective, explicating the actor image and the status anxiety mechanism inherent in the theory. Some of the problems discussed include third-person explanations and proof of status anxiety. With due caution, status politics theory provides one alternative for explaining mobilisation in moral regulation movements as well as populist politics.

LATE XX CEN TE XX CENTURY – EARL Y – EARLY XXI CEN Y XXI CENTURY GEOPOLI Y GEOPOLITICAL VIEW TICAL VIEW OF THE ASIAN REGION

Introduction. Describe the geopolitical structure of the Asian region - to cover political, economic, social, cultural and ethnic issues in East Asia, Southeast Asia (the main part of the Asia-Pacific region), South Asia, the Indian Ocean region, Central Asia and the Middle East. The number of dedicated scientific publications is significantly exceeding the number and volume of similar texts being written about other regions of the world. A review of Asian security shows that security concerns have spread throughout Asia. At the same time, such problems also have a significant negative impact on mutual economic, trade and investment relations. Research methods. In writing this article, historical, the methods of comparative analysis, theoretical, general logic and forecasting of political science were used. In particular, the formation and development of the political system of different societies in Asia during this period was covered by historical and chronological approaches, while the development of individuals, social groups, nations and peoples, peoples and states was analyzed using the method of comparative analysis.

use of the dialectical method as a theory for understanding social change in the philosophy of global constitutionalism

This article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the dialectical method for understanding social change in the philosophy of global constitutionalism. The purpose of the research: from the position of socio-philosophical methods of cognition of social reality and ideas reflecting it, to analyze the dialectic model in the doctrine of social changes in the philosophy of global constitutionalism. An analysis of the dialectical method as a theory for understanding social change in the philosophical concept of global constitutionalism has shown that: in the process of its formation, the Hegelian concept of dialectical development and the dialectical materialism of the Marxist-Leninist type, including its basic laws; it is aimed at developing a system of arguments to justify the natural evolutionary nature of the origin of the world capitalist system; the process of removing the qualitatively heterogeneous opposites accumulated in the process of social development is also subordinate to the general logic of the development of the world capitalist system.

Attribution of the Throne Chairs of Tsars Boris Godunov and Mikhail Romanov in the 19th–21st Centuries: Historical and Art Historical Aspects

Древние тронные кресла отечественных монархов из собрания Музеев Московского Кремля были неоднократно опубликованы на протяжении XIX — XXI вв., но и сегодня нельзя считать работу по их атрибуции законченной. Примером тому — о два древнейших артефакта — тронные кресла царей Бориса Годунова и Михаила Романова: вопрос определения времени и места их создания остается неразрешенным. Ошибка исследователей заключается в том, что их внимание сосредоточено на ювелирном декоре предметов, не был применен метод описания и анализа художественных и технических приемов изготовления артефактов в целом, а также архивная документация изучена в недостаточной степени. По мнению автора, упомянутые предметы являются образцами персидской работы XV–XVI вв., в то время как прежде кресло царя Бориса Годунова датировалось 1603-1605 гг., а атрибуция принадлежавшего царю Михаилу Романову варьировалась между второй половиной XVI — первой третью XVII вв., причисляя изделие к московской или иранской работе. The article examines two ancient throne chairs of Russian monarchs from the collection of the Moscow Kremlin Museums: the chair of Tsar Boris Godunov, which is believed to have been received at the beginning of the 17th century as part of the ambassadorial gifts from Shah Abbas I, and the chair which researchers associate with the name of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich. The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of these objects based not only on their external description, but also on the identification of their structure, parts hidden by metal and woven coatings. In addition, for the first time, the author considers the chairs as pieces of furniture art, trying to “embed” them into the line of the development of artistic styles. In the course of the research, the method of description and analysis of artistic and technical methods of making artifacts, methods of comparative analysis and interpretation of historical sources were applied. The materials of the study were archival documents, published sources and the results of research by Russian historians and museologists. Various historical evidence about the investigated artifacts and views on their dating, reflected in documents and research works, is analyzed. The author compiled descriptions of the throne chairs and made assumptions about the possibility of a later change in their appearance. The analysis of the form and decor made it possible to attribute the throne chair of Tsar Boris Godunov as an example of a Persian work of the 15th–16th centuries; the use of European heritage is clearly traced in the creation of its artistic image. The attribution of the chair of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich cannot be considered final, because today there are several versions of it (a sample of the work of the Moscow Kremlin Workshops of the 17th century, precious plates of Iranian production of, presumably, the 16th century were used in its decoration; Iran, Isfahan, second half of the 16th century (?); work of Iranian court masters of the first third of the 17th century). This throne chair presumably has a pair – the chair of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich: outwardly these objects are remarkably similar and look like a set, in which, with the general logic of shaping, only the manner of decoration is somewhat different. The visual analysis of the monument allows classifying it as a sample of Persian work, made under the influence of the Renaissance art, which spread from Italy to Europe in the 15th–16th centuries. The need to study these rarities with the use of modern technologies and research methods is emphasized.

Cognitive Universal Learning Activities in the Structure of Metasubject Results

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive universal learning actions in younger schoolchildren. The article describes four types of universal educational actions of primary school children: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative, which are an integral system in which the manifestation and development of each individual type of educational action is determined by its relationship with other types and the general logic of age-related development. Detailed characteristics of each of the cognitive universal educational activities of primary school children defined by the standard and the approximate program of primary general education will allow the primary school teacher to more consciously.