Application Analysis of 3D Printing Technology in Design Field: Taking Shoe Design as an Example

The development of 3D technology has brought opportunities and challenges to the footwear industry because people’s living standards have been improving due to economic development, and people have higher requirements for the design of fashion shoes and boots. The use of 3D printing technology in the design of fashion shoes and boots can enable faster molding of footwear products, enrich the shape of footwear, and meet people’s aesthetic needs for fashion shoes. In this paper, we firstly describe the advantages of 3D printing molding shoe models and then use 3D laser foot scanning and measuring instrument to scan and obtain the cloud map of shoe lasts and foot-related data. Secondly, we realize the digital management of shoe lasts by establishing the database of solid models. On this basis, we apply the technology of least squares support vector machine improvement algorithm to make partial modifications to the lasts according to the need to leave the appropriate helper and foot lining degrees. Finally, based on this technology, we apply the least squares support vector machine improvement algorithm technology to make partial modifications to the last shape according to the need for appropriate helper and foot lining degrees to realize the process of shoe last redesign. The last model and role model can also be produced by 3D printing technology, which can be used as a mold to facilitate the processing of the cut last 2D unfolding material for shoe and boot production later. Therefore, the article studies and analyzes the design and manufacturing process of digital shoe lasts based on individual foot shape and uses CAD/CAM technology to realize the digitalization of shoe last design.

Analysis of Laser Sensors and Camera Vision in the Shoe Position Inspection System

Inspection systems are currently an evolving field in the industry. The main goal is to provide a picture of the quality of intermediates and products in the production process. The most widespread sensory system is camera equipment. This article describes the implementation of camera devices for checking the location of the upper on the shoe last. The next part of the article deals with the analysis of the application of laser sensors in this task. The results point to the clear advantages of laser sensors in the inspection task of placing the uppers on the shoe’s last. The proposed method defined the resolution of laser scanners according to the type of scanned surface, where the resolution of point cloud ranged from 0.16 to 0.5 mm per point based on equations representing specific points approximated to polynomial regression in specific places, which are defined in this article. Next, two inspection systems were described, where one included further development in the field of automation and industry 4.0 and with a high perspective of development into the future. The main aim of this work is to conduct analyses of sensory systems for inspection systems and their possibilities for further work mainly based on the resolution and quality of obtained data. For instance, dependency on scanning complex surfaces and the achieved resolution of scanned surfaces.

Deep Self-Organizing Map Neural Networks for Plantar Pressure Image Segmentation Employing Marr-Hildreth Features

Using the plantar pressure imaging analysis method to realize the optimization design of shoe last is still relatively preliminary. The analysis and utilization of imaging data still have problems such as single processing, incomplete information acquisition, and poor processing model robustness. A deep self-organizing map neural network based on Marr-Hildreth filter (dSOM-wh) is developed in this research. The structure and learning algorithms were optimized by learning vector quantization (LVQ) and count propagation (CP). As a kind of Marr-Hildreth filter, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) was developed for the preprocessing. The proposed method performed high effectiveness in accuracy (AC) (92.88%), sensitive (SE) (0.8941), and f-measurement (F1) (0.8720) by comparing with ANN, CNN, SegNet, ResNet, and pre-trained inception-v neural networks. The classification-based plantar pressure biomedical functional zoning technologies have potential applications in the comfort shoe production industry.

Application of Computer-Aided Reverse Engineering System in the Design of Orthotic Boots for Clubfoot Patients

Clubfoot is an abnormal foot as a congenital disability in which one or both feet appear rotated inward and downward. In some cases, the foot and leg sizes may be smaller compared to each other. Accordingly, there is a need for customized shoes designed for clubfoot patients who has difficulty in wearing regular shoes to carry out their daily activities. This study examines using computer-aided reverse engineering system technology to design and manufacture customized boots with specific sizes and shapes. Reverse engineering with a handy scan 3D scanning tool with a tolerance of 0.001 mm was implemented to obtain 3D mesh data of the patient’s clubfoot (male with 65 years). The Curve Base Surface Modeling method provided 3D-CAD drawings of the insole and shoe, the last models, precisely and following the size and shape of the patient’s foot. This CAD data could be appropriately transferred to CNC machines and PowerMill CAM software to obtain patterns of insole and shoe-last from EVA foam rubber and wood. Both ways were well fitted with leather by a shoemaker into a pair of customized clubfoot boots. The field boot-wearing test used feedback from the clubfoot patient wear-testers to assess the functionality and acceptability of the boot products. In this way, the club foot patient can able to perceive wearing comfortably and perfectly. In the field boot-wearing test, the patient could walk at a speed of 83.1% -91.7% faster (2 - 5 minutes/foot) than that when the patient wears the old boot design model. Significantly, the present approach may add knowledge theoretically and practically to use CARE system-based technology in treating clubfoot patients with the need for custom shoes.

3D Modelling Of Customized Lasts Based On Anthropometric Data Acquired From 3D Foot Scanning - One Study Case

Designing and manufacturing personalized lasts are the first steps in obtaining the right fitted footwear for various users, especially for sport or/and medical purposes. The accurate dimensional relationship between foot and last represents the key element for this activity. The critical shape of the last should always be determined by the shape of the foot and the cumulative relationship between lengths, widths, heights and girths, whatever method is used, Some corrections and constraints must always be considered because the shoe-last is not identical to the foot. The foot anthropometric measurements are modified based on biomechanical constraints and technological limitations and they are interactively transformed into last’s dimensions by using 3D modelling. The present study brings together the modern scanning technique with the new methodology for modifying a reference last, and it is aimed to explore the philosophy of re-designing functional lasts. It also tests and highlights the limits of the actual methodology for shoe-last virtual prototyping based on anthropometric data acquired from one commercially available 3D foot scanning system.

Pemanfaatan Teknik Pemodelan Digital untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Bentuk dan Ergonomi pada shoe last Sepatu

ABSTRAKPada produk sepatu, kenyaman pakai merupakan faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu sepatu yang baik akan memperhatikan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran shoe last pada saat pembuatannya. Ketidaksesuaian bentuk dan ukuran sepatu yang pakai pada kaki akan beresiko menyebabkan cedera secara temporer, bahkan untuk penggunaan dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan kecacatan pada kaki. Namun di industri kecil/menengah (IKM) alas kaki penentuan bentuk dan ukuran produk shoe last umumnya tidak melalui prosedur verifikasi yang baku. Penggunaan teknologi pemodelan digital pada pembuatan shoe last akan dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas bentuk dan ukuran yang dihasilkannya. Melalui metode eksperimentasi digital yang didukung dengan data antropometri anatomi kaki responden lokal diharapkan akan menghasilkan sebuah metode baku perancangan shoe last tersebut. Metode perancangan digital untuk produk shoe last ini diharapkan akan bermanfaat bagi para pelaku usaha kecil alas kaki agar kualitas kenyamanan sepatu yang dibuatnya menjadi lebih baik dan berstandar.Kata kunci: Pemodelan digital, shoe last, IKM, kualitas kenyamanan ABSTRACTIn shoe products, wear comfort is an important factor that must be considered. Therefore, good shoes will pay attention to the quality of the shape and size of the last shoe at the time of manufacture. The improper shape and size of the shoes that are used on the feet will risk causing temporary injury, even for prolonged use, it can cause disability in the feet. However, in the small / medium-sized footwear industry (IKM), determining the shape and size of shoe last products generally does not go through a standard verification procedure. The use of digital modeling technology in making shoe lasts will help improve the quality of the shape and size it produces. Through the digital experimentation method that is supported by anthropometric data on the anatomy of the local respondents' feet, it is hoped that it will produce a standard method of designing the shoe last. It is hoped that this digital design method for shoe last products will be useful for small footwear entrepreneurs so that the quality of the comfort of the shoes they make becomes better and standard.Keywords: Digital modeling, shoe last, SMEs, comfort quality

Research on Establishing Size System and Designing Shoe Lasts for Female Diabetics in Vietnam

Shoe lasts are tool for designing and manufacturing shoes, mainlly deciding on the shape, fit and comfort of the shoe. The paper presents the method and results of setting up the size system and designing shoe lasts for female diabetics based on the results of studying foot shape and size, requirements of shoes for diabetics. The parameters of 7 shoe last sizes in length with 3 sizes of width/girth according to the Mondopoint international size system are built. The parameters of shoe lasts for female diabetics are much bigger than those for normal women, especially the ball is bigger than 24 mm, the ball width is larger than 6 mm. Using shoe last design software, 3D printing technology has designed and manufactured shoe lasts, that meet the requirements to make shoes for female diabetics in Vietnam.

DEVELOPMENT OF A BOOT-TREE MOLD FOR MANUFACTURING RIDING BOOTS

The production of such footwear as riding boots requires additional equipment like a special mold for the formation of bootlegs, which are made using intermediate frame parts to ensure rigidity and preserving shape. The special mold of riding boots is a stylized shape of the leg from its foot to knee. The lower part corresponding to the shoe last is designed based on the parameters of the average foot, taking into account the requirements of biomechanics, physiology, and aesthetic features of the shoe style. The upper part repeats the parameters of the shin and has a specifi c asymmetrical shape, which ensures a stylish and perfect form of the riding boot. To obtain the initial data for designing the mold, there were performed anthropometric measurements of the shins of young women whose feet sizes correspond to the average ones in the selected sample. Designing of the lower part of the mold was carried out on the basis of the average parameters of the foot in Crispin LastMaker software complex using the method of reverse engineering. Designing of the general shape was performed in the PowerShape software environment by means of the features of surface, solid, and hybrid modeling. This type of boots must be made with several width-girth parameters, and the possibility to make boots with diff erent designs must be provided. Therefore, in order to e ff ectively use the molding means (a boot-tree), in the work, there was proposed the transforming mold, which allows making boots of diff erent widths and with diff erent shapes of the toe part due to its struc ture consisting of four parts changing the relative position and individual elements due to which it is possible to achieve multipurpose usage. Objective. Development of an improved shape, design, and method of designing a boot-tree molding means based on the foot 3d scan and shin measurements using the features of modern CAD software.Topicality of the work is based on the need to equip footwear production with the advanced lasts and molding means taking into account the requirements of ergonomics and fashionable design. Novelty. The proposed structure of the boot-tree developed on the basis of foot measurements is designed using a combination of reverse and direct modeling of the shape, which allows achieving the ideal and unique 3D shape combining ergonomic features and beautiful design. Such design method allows using the available digital equipment to obtain the initial data.