Improved Multi-Scale Deep Integration Paradigm for Point and Interval Carbon Trading Price Forecasting

The forecast of carbon trading price is crucial to both sellers and purchasers; multi-scale integration models have been used widely in this process. However, these multi-scale models ignore the feature reconstruction process as well as the residual part and also they often focus on the linear integration. Meanwhile, most of the models cannot provide prediction interval which means they neglect the uncertainty. In this paper, an improved multi-scale nonlinear integration model is proposed. The original dataset is divided into some subgroups through variational mode decomposition (VMD) and all the subgroups will go through sample entropy (SE) process to reconstruct the features. Then, random forest and long-short term memory (LSTM) integration are used to model feature sub-sequences. For the residual part, LSTM residual correction strategy based on white noise test corrects residuals to obtain point prediction results. Finally, Gaussian process (GP) is applied to get the prediction interval estimate. The result shows that compared with some other methods, the proposed method can obtain satisfying accuracy which has the minimum statistical error. So, it is safe to conclude that the proposed method is able to efficiently predict the carbon price as well as to provide the prediction interval estimate.

Local and global behavior of solutions to 2 D-elliptic equation with exponentially-dominated nonlinearities

We study the family of blowup solutions to semilinear elliptic equations in two-space dimensions with exponentially-dominated nonnegative nonlinearities. Such a family admits an exclusion of the boundary blowup, finiteness of blowup points, and pattern formation. Then, Hamiltonian control of the location of blowup points, residual vanishing, and mass quantization arise under the estimate from below of the nonlinearity. Finally, if the principal growth rate of nonlinearity is exactly exponential and the residual part has a gap relative to this term, there is a locally uniform estimate of the solution which ensures its asymptotic non-degeneracy.

Cannula breakage during 25G+ minimally invasive vitrectomy: a case report

Background With the continuous improvement of surgical instruments in vitrectomy, the use of a trocar and cannula not only optimizes the incision process but also facilitates insertion and withdrawal of instruments during the procedure. Nevertheless, incision-related complications have also been reported in the literature. However, cannula fractures during 25G+ minimally invasive vitrectomy have rarely been reported. Case presentation A 62-year-old man underwent 25G+ pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. At the beginning of the operation, we used a trocar with a cannula to perform the sclerotomy. After the trocar was pulled out, the cannula was not seen on the surface of the sclera. Thus the inside and outside of the eye were carefully searched. The broken cannula tip was found in the ciliary body corresponding to the superonasal sclerotomy site and was subsequently removed. Conclusions Awareness regarding the risk of intraoperative fractures of 25G+ minimally invasive ocular surgical instruments is imperative. Whenever a broken or missing cannula is encountered, the residual part should be immediately extracted to avoid revision surgeries and postoperative complications.

Establishing patterns of the structural-phase transformations during the reduction of tungsten-containing ore concentrate with carbon

This paper reports a study into the phase composition and microstructure of tungsten ore concentrate after carbon-thermal reduction at different O:C ratios in the charge. This is required for determining those indicators that reduce tungsten loss through the sublimation of oxide compounds when processing ore concentrates, as well as when using reduced tungsten-containing doping additives. The study results have established that the reduced tungsten concentrate at the O:C ratio in the charge within the interval of 1.33‒2.30 contained the phases of W, W2C C, C, WO2. The microstructure demonstrated a spongy and disordered character. Together with W, the Mo, Si, Ca, Al impurities were present in the reduced products. The main elements identified at the sites studied had the following limiting content, % by weight: O – 5.01–17.32; C – 0.84–4.23; W – 61.21–86.78; Mo – 1.57–7.51; Si – 2.07–9.06; Ca – 1.34–11.30; Al – 0.27–0.40. The micro-inclusions at the examined surface areas acquired different complex shapes. There were traces of the process of caking between the particles. The analysis of the resulting data has shown that the most preferred ratio of O:C in the charge was 1.65. In this case, there is no lack of carbon and there is a predominance of W in the phase composition with a relatively little manifestation of the W2C phases, carbon, as well as the residual part of WO2. The post-reduction of the oxide component would occur during the doping process. The sponge structure contributes to a higher dissolution rate compared to standard tungsten ferroalloys. Lack of compounds with a relatively high propensity for sublimation does not require any special conditions to prevent the loss of tungsten in the gas phase, which increases the degree of assimilation of the target element

Evolution of the Shear Band in Cold-Rolling of Strip-Cast Fe-1.3% Si Non-Oriented Silicon Steel

Cube texture and microstructural evolution of as-cast non-oriented silicon steel (1.3% Si) during cold rolling and annealing were studied. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure with grain size in the range of 100–500 μm had a weak texture. The strong orientation was mainly located at {100} and {110} planes. A significant content of shear-deformed grains oriented with {110}<110> were obtained by cold-rolling, and many regions oriented with Cube texture were distributed in the shear bands. During cold-rolling, the orientation of the shear-deformed microstructure tilted towards the {111}<112> orientation, while the matrix orientation retained {110}<110>. On further cold-rolling, the residual part of {110}<110> experienced shear deformation, forming more shear bands, strengthening the Cube orientation. During annealing, Cube orientation grains nucleated in the shear bands leading to strong Cube texture, and corresponding B50 was 1.83T/1.79T.

VALUATION OF HYBRID FINANCIAL AND ACTUARIAL PRODUCTS IN LIFE INSURANCE BY A NOVEL THREE-STEP METHOD

Financial products are priced using risk-neutral expectations justified by hedging portfolios that (as accurate as possible) match the product’s payoff. In insurance, premium calculations are based on a real-world best-estimate value plus a risk premium. The insurance risk premium is typically reduced by pooling of (in the best case) independent contracts. As hybrid life insurance contracts depend on both financial and insurance risks, their valuation requires a hybrid valuation principle that combines the two concepts of financial and actuarial valuation. The aim of this paper is to present a novel three-step projection algorithm to valuate hybrid contracts by decomposing their payoff in three parts: a financial, hedgeable part, a diversifiable actuarial part, and a residual part that is neither hedgeable nor diversifiable. The first two parts of the resulting premium are directly linked to their corresponding hedging and diversification strategies, respectively. The method allows for a separate treatment of unsystematic, diversifiable mortality risk and systematic, aggregate mortality risk related to, for example, epidemics or population-wide improvements in life expectancy. We illustrate our method in the case of CAT bonds and a pure endowment insurance contract with profit and compare the three-step method to alternative valuation operators suggested in the literature.

Revisiting Electricity Network Tariffs in a Context of Decarbonization, Digitalization, and Decentralization

The electricity system is evolving due to three driven forces: decarbonization, digitalization, and decentralization (3 Ds). Should these three forces occur, electricity network tariffs must be revisited. In most countries, actual network charges incentivize inefficient network usage when volumetric or low granular (temporal and locational) charges are applied. This paper analyses the effect of 3 Ds on tariff design principles and proposes an efficient methodology for network tariff design that promotes efficient usage of the network as well as an equitable share of the costs for network users. The proposed network tariff consists of two components: a peak-coincident and a fixed charge. The peak-coincident forward-looking charge considers the cost of future network reinforcements required, calculated element-by-element, and assigned to customers during the peak utilization hours of each network element. Fixed charges allocate the residual part of the total network costs following equity principles. A simplified network model is used to compare the charges faced by consumers through three tariff structures: (1) a volumetric tariff, (2) a simplified version of the Spanish tariff, and (3) the proposed efficient tariff. This case study highlights the economic benefits of applying a highly granular and peak-coincident tariff structure.

Magnetic Resonance Image Denoising Algorithm Based on Cartoon, Texture, and Residual Parts

Magnetic resonance (MR) images are often contaminated by Gaussian noise, an electronic noise caused by the random thermal motion of electronic components, which reduces the quality and reliability of the images. This paper puts forward a hybrid denoising algorithm for MR images based on two sparsely represented morphological components and one residual part. To begin with, decompose a noisy MR image into the cartoon, texture, and residual parts by MCA, and then each part is denoised by using Wiener filter, wavelet hard threshold, and wavelet soft threshold, respectively. Finally, stack up all the denoised subimages to obtain the denoised MR image. The experimental results show that the proposed method has significantly better performance in terms of mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio than each method alone.

Application of the Vernier method for absolute distance metrology with CW TOF phase shift technique

A phase shift time of flight technique determines a position by comparing the phase angle of a continuously modulated signal in the source and its reflection on a target. However, due to its cyclical properties, the position information is contained within an ambiguity interval. For an absolute measurement, this interval is repeated N times plus a residual part given by the phase shift. In this work we propose an application of the Vernier method to determine N and a setup for mid-range applications (10-20) m with a 3 GHz amplitude modulated source to allow accuracies ≤ 100 μm.

EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF ZEBRA FISH DANIO RERIO

Number of pharmaceuticals are commonly used now-a-days for the treatment of various ailments. Among them, Diclofenac sodium is used to relief pain and joint stiffness but the residual part of it exerts various side effects. It has been shown that the residue of diclofenac reaches in considerably high amounts in aquatic environment which causes toxicity to aquatic animals especially in fishes. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to observe the effect of diclofenac sodium in the glycogen content of zebra fish in three different tissues i.e. liver, gills and muscles. LC50 at 24 hours exposure of diclofenac sodium estimated by direct interpolation method was found to be 26.25mg/l. To observe the effect of diclofenac sodium on glycogen content, the fishes were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as untreated control. Group 2 was treated with 24hrs LC50 of diclofenac. Group 3 & 4 received 1/5th conc. of 24hrs LC50 for 7 and 15 days respectively. Fishes were sacrificed after lethal and sub lethal exposure. Liver, gills and muscles were separately analysed to study the glycogen content by Anthrone reagent test. It was observed that glycogen content drastically decreased within 24 hours of diclofenac treatment & then gradually increased in 7 & 15 days treatment. Thus, this study indicates that level of glycogen can greatly be altered in response to the toxic effects caused by diclofenac in zebra fish. KEY WORDS: Diclofenac, Zebra fish, glycogen, LC50.