In-Line Inspection of Offshore Non-Piggable and Challenging 30" Subsea Flare Line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqer Saleh Al-Messabi ◽  
Anouar Abdul Qader Zebidi ◽  
Khaled Abdullah Al Hosani
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Asset Replacement ◽  
Planning Factor ◽  
A Site

Abstract The objective of the paper is to present the success story of carrying out an in-line inspection (ILI) on a 50 years old offshore subsea flare line. The project was particularly challenging because the 30" flare line had no pigging facilities, a reducer, a subsea tie-in connection, as well as other restrictions. The paper shall outline the approach and methodology adopted to conduct the inspection in a safe and successful manner while adhering to the company and government health, safety, and environmental regulations and meeting the shutdown window. The 1 km long 30" flare line runs from a collector-separator platform to a flare tower. A site survey was conducted to identify process, space, and rigging related requirements. The shutdown window was allotted and fixed by the production teams. The line was first flushed to remove the hydrocarbons using a pumping spread mounted on a support vessel. This was followed by various modification works in addition to rigging up the temporary pigging traps. The works enlisted the help of support vessels and scaffolding teams. Extra controls were implemented due to the low maximum allowable operating pressure and the dirty pigging water in order to safeguard the property and environment. Eventually, 22 cleaning pigs were launched a in a train fashion. An Ultrasonic (UT) ILI tool was then used to gather information on the pipeline. Finally, the pipeline was dried using foam pigs. The operation was a success mainly because of the planning factor. Many activities were integrated including the availability of a maintenance barge which played a huge role in the operation. This was the first pigging operation on the flare line which was commissioned in 1971 - a total of 185 kg of debris was collected. Moreover, the UT inspection provided quantitative data which enabled an accurate assessment of the subsea pipeline integrity status. It is estimated that USD 4 million were saved by completing the works mainly through efficient planning and utilization of in-house available resources. The inspection results will form a cornerstone in development of future asset replacement plans for this category of flare lines. The success has created potential savings for another 21 challenging flare lines planned to be inspected for the next 5 years. The approach highlights the steps taken to conduct the quantitative ILI of an aged flare line (50 years old), with various inherent challenges, to explore the possibility of accurately inspecting and extending the remnant life of aged assets that are un-piggable, in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Thus, resulting in positive impacts in savings and further optimizations in the asset replacement plans

scholarly journals Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ainscough ◽  
Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe ◽  
Andrew R. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
Initial Results

Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The compounds of interest include trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 2,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and vinyl chloride (VC). The separations were first tested in the laboratory. Microfiltration membranes were of no use in this separation. Nanofiltration membranes performed well and rejections of 70–93% were observed for synthetic solutions and up to 100% for real groundwater samples. Site trials were limited by space and power availability, which resulted in a maximum operating pressure of only 3 bar. Under these conditions, the nanofiltration membrane removed organic materials, but failed to remove VOCs to any significant extent. Initial results with a reverse osmosis membrane were positive, with 93% removal of the VOCs. However, subsequent samples taken demonstrated little removal. Several hypotheses were presented to explain this behavior and the most likely cause of the issue was fouling leading to adsorption of the VOCs onto the membrane and allowing passage through the membrane matrix.

Can We See the “Hoplite Revolution” on the Ground? Archaeological Landscapes, Material Culture, and Social Status in Early Greece

Men of Bronze ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Foxhall
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
A Site

This chapter considers what a site survey might reveal about the appearance of a new class of small farmers in archaic Greece. It gives a brief history of the discipline and explains the strengths and limitations of using its findings for historical analysis. This study of eight survey projects across Greece, including Boeotia, the Argolid, Laconia, and Pylos, focuses on data for the Geometric through the Hellenistic periods. The chapter suggests that the archaeology tells us a different story than the historical record of citizens, soldiers, and property owners. The survey data show the rise of a densely populated countryside of small-scale farmers neither in the eighth century nor, universally, in the sixth century.

Site Characterization and Associated Disposal Costs for Illegal Dumpsites Located in the Municipality of La Granja, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022068
Author(s):  
Christian Seal ◽  
Patricia Mery ◽  
Patricia Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Chilean legislation dictates that Municipalities are responsible for household solid waste management, but this doesn’t include the clean-up of illegal dumpsites. These in-city dumpsites usually are located on public roads, parks or abandoned sites; have a wide variety of origins, from household trash to business waste, and feature a high component of construction debris. One of the main problems that municipalities have managing these sites is that when they are cleaned, the dumpsites immediately reappear. Therefore, a site survey and visual characterization was performed for these illegal dumpsites at the Municipality of La Granja, and a cost analysis associated with the constant clean-up costs was performed. La Granja Municipality has an established clean-up program with a frequency that varies from one to three withdrawals a week per dumpsite. Santiago is Chile's capital and is divided into 32 municipalities, the general population of the city is 5.250.565 habitants according to the 2017 census. La Granja is one of Santiago’s municipalities; according to the last census, it has 116.571 inhabitants and a total of 34.423 households divided into 69 neighbourhoods. The social economical income of the municipality corresponds to medium low to lower level. The study detected 35 critical sites that were catalogued as recuring dumpsites. The mayor cause of these dumpsites corresponds to illegal dumping of construction waste, mayor appliance and household waste, and only one dumpsite didn’t present construction debris during the length of the study. The average volume measured in site, for most of the dumpsites varied from 1 to 3 m3 and only 2 sites exceeded 8 m3. The most important characteristics of the dumpsites were the ease accessibility (82,4%), followed by the total lack of public illumination, high vehicular traffic and to or more intersections (67,7%). The equipment and personnel cost were estimated for the clean-up service of the 35 dumpsites. The cost analysis showed that the associated cost of the clean-up corresponds to a 5,8% of the municipal budget for solid waste management. As a result of the study, 4 sites were intervened through the generation of green area or small parks, with an emphasis in the protection or blocking of the access and roadside.

Magnetocaloric Properties of A-Site-Doped La2NiMnO6 for Environmentally Friendly Refrigeration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meher Abhinav ◽  
D. Jaison ◽  
Anuraj Sundararaj ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekaran ◽  
S. V. Kasmir Raja
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Magnetocaloric Properties ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals Discussion

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Site Survey ◽  
A Site

Wilson. — I would like to discuss briefly a site survey as an optimalization problem.

Soil Characterisation for Installing and Operating Deep-Water Pipelines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Borges Rodriguez ◽  
Vishal Dantal ◽  
Victor Bjorn Smith ◽  
Roselyn Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Seabed Topography ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Touchdown Point

Deep-water developments rely on pipeline and riser systems to transfer hydrocarbon products to floating facilities or potentially longer tie-back pipelines to shallow water platforms/onshore facilities. Depending on the nature of the product and operational conditions, the pipeline and riser system design may need to consider a range of dynamic processes during operation such as (i) controlled lateral buckling of the pipeline in order to relieve excessive constrained axial forces induced by temperature and pressure changes in the system; (ii) the accumulation of pipeline axial displacement or ‘walking’; and (iii) evolution of the pipe-soil interaction at the riser seabed touchdown point due to the dynamic behaviour of the riser. Under these conditions, the reliable structural assessment of the pipeline system relies upon accurate assessment of the pipeline-soil interaction (PSI), from the initial lay embedment of the pipeline to the evolution of the lateral and axial response over the lifetime of the facilities. Accurate assessment of these PSI parameters requires adequate characterisation of the seabed topography, seabed processes (e.g. geohazards) and the soil properties. This paper proposes ways for efficient planning of the geophysical and geotechnical site investigation activities and subsequent soil element and physical model testing for the assessment of relevant PSI parameters in deep-water.

scholarly journals Menjadi Guru Berkarakter: Meneladani Kepemimpinan Drs. H. Ajat Sudrajat, M.M.Pd. dalam Membangun Sekolah Berkualitas

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Wakhudin Wakhudin
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Is Success ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Master Of Education

ABSTRAKSI: Artikel ini, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode biografi, mengkaji tentang keberhasilan seorang Kepala Sekolah. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa Haji Ajat, atau nama lengkapnya Drs. H. (Doktorandus Haji) Ajat Sudrajat, M.M.Pd. (Magister Manajemen Pendidikan), adalah kisah sukses seorang Kepala Sekolah di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Lebih dari 20 tahun, Haji Ajat menjadi Kepala Sekolah di SMAN (Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri) yang berbeda-beda. Pada mulanya, Haji Ajat ditugaskan memimpin SMAN Ciniru, sekolah yang jaraknya jauh dari Kuningan Kota; kemudian beliau berpindah ke SMAN Mandirancan, sebuah sekolah di tengah sawah dan di daerah pinggiran; lalu beliau berpindah untuk memimpin SMAN Cilimus, sekolah yang dekat Kota Kuningan; dan beliau berpindah lagi ke SMAN Luragung, sekolah yang dekat dengan daerah Jawa Tengah. Terakhir, Haji Ajat memimpin SMAN III Kuningan, yang berada di tengah Kota Kuningan. Semua sekolah yang dipimpin oleh Haji Ajat selalu berprestasi dalam bidang akademik dan, terutama, sekolah yang ramah lingkungan. Kepala sekolah yang berkarakter dan sukses perlu menjadi teladan bagi siapa pun yang ingin memimpin lembaga pendidikan.KATA KUNCI: Kepala Sekolah; Sekolah Ramah Lingkungan; Sekolah Berkualitas. ABSTRACT: “Become a Character Teacher: Exemplify the Leadership of Drs. H. Ajat Sudrajat, M.M.Pd. in Building a Quality School”. This article, using a qualitative approach and biographical method, examines the success of a Principal. The results of the study show that Haji Ajat, or its full name is Drs. H. (Doktorandus Haji) Ajat Sudrajat, M.M.Pd. (Master of Education Management), is success story of a Principal in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia. More than 20 years, Haji Ajat has dedicated to be a Principal in a different SMANs (Public Senior High Schools). At first, Haji Ajat was assigned to lead the SMAN at Ciniru, a school that was far from Kuningan City; then he moved to SMAN at Mandirancan, a school in the middle of rice fields and on the outskirts; then he moved to lead the SMAN at Cilimus, a school near Kuningan City; and he moved again to SMAN at Luragung, a school near to Central Java area. Finally, Haji Ajat leads the SMAN III Kuningan, which is in the center of Kuningan City. All schools led by Haji Ajat always succeed in the academic field and, especially, schools that are environmental friendly. Principals who have character and success need to be role models for anyone who wants to lead an educational institution.KEY WORD: Principal; Environmentally Friendly Schools; Quality School.About the Author: Dr. Wakhudin adalah Dosen di Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP UMP (Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto), Jalan Raya Dukuh Waluh, Purwokerto, Banyumas 53182, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Alamat emel penulis: [email protected] Citation: Wakhudin. (2018). “Menjadi Guru Berkarakter: Meneladani Kepemimpinan Drs. H. Ajat Sudrajat, M.M.Pd. dalam Membangun Sekolah Berkualitas” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 3(2), September, pp.169-188. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (June 22, 2018); Revised (July 27, 2018); and Published (September 30, 2018).

scholarly journals Issues, Challenges and Scope for Tourism Development in Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Dr. Bhuwan Chandra Melkani and Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
Rich Flora ◽  
A Site

Tourism industry in the modern era is emerging one of the largest service-sector industry which is contributing in many ways towards economies through generating national income as well as by creating job opportunities especially for local population and thus become an avenue of socio-economic development and cultural exchange. Travel and Tourism is not only an activity for leisure and entertainment but it is also enriching and energizing activity. Uttarakhandone of the most beautiful state in the northern belt known as ‚Devbhoomi‛ or ‘Abode of Gods’ is a site of temples and pilgrimage, endowed with salubrious climate, exotic greenery, rich flora besides its rich culture. ‚Kumaon‛one of the two region of the state Uttarakhandattracts large numbers of tourists and is becoming as one of the preferred choice of visit among travellers. Beside all this the tourism industry in the Kumaunregion is facing some issues and challenges which need to be considered to capitalize the potential of tourism in the Kumaun region. The present study tries to examine the Challenges and scope of tourism development in the Kumaun region of the Uttarakhand state, the nature of the research is qualitative and employs the secondary sources of data. The results of the study reveals that there are challenges for tourism development, but with certain improvements and proper planning the region can be developed as one of the best tourist destination because there is vast scope in new forms of tourism and which can be capitalized with proper and efficient planning and execution

scholarly journals The Data Mining Technique Using RapidMiner Software for New Zeotropic Refrigerant

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Piyanut Saengsikhiao ◽  
Juntakan Taweekun
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Refrigerant Mixture ◽  
Thermodynamic And Transport Properties

This research presents the development of environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration systems that new azeotropic refrigerant mixture of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrocarbon that can retrofit in the refrigeration system using R404A. The medium back pressure refrigeration testing standard that follow CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI) and The properties of refrigerants and refrigeration simulation system that used national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software. The methodology uses decision tree function in datamining by rapid minor software that first of KDnuggets annual software poll that showed new azeotropic refrigerant mixture had cooling capacity, refrigerant effect, GWP and boiling point were lower than R404A but work and pressure for medium temperature refrigeration system of azeotropic refrigerant mixture were higher than R404A. The artificial intelligence (AI) by data mining technic can predictive environmentally-friendly and energy efficient refrigerant for medium temperature refrigeration. The result of refrigerant mixed by R134A, R32, R125 and R1270 and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs and HCs which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

scholarly journals Structural damages observed in state buildings after Simav/Turkey earthquake occurred on 19 May 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2709-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Tama
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Rapid Assessment Method ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Different levels of damages occurred in state buildings, especially in educational facilities, during the Simav earthquake (ML=5.7) on 19 May 2011. A site survey was carried out in the area after the earthquake, where six state buildings were examined in detail. The results of the survey showed that main reasons for the formation of damages in these buildings are the use of low strength concrete, insufficient reinforcement, inappropriate detailing, and low-quality workmanship. The investigated buildings were also evaluated by P25-rapid assessment method. The method demonstrates that two of the buildings in question are in "high risk band"; the other two fall into "detailed evaluation band", and the rest are in the "low risk band". This figure also matches with the damages observed in the site survey.

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