Prospects for the transition of the textile industry in the Russian to a closed-loop economy

The life of a modern person today cannot be imagined free from an urgent and urgent problem – the problem of waste recycling. At the same time, the environmental situation in large cities, including industrial enterprises, is mainly determined by the state of the waste treatment system. These include solid municipal waste, as experts call the garbage that is formed daily in everyday life and makes a long way from the garbage chute to the yard container and further to the city dump.At the moment, the infrastructure for collecting and processing secondary raw materials (glass, plastic, paper, batteries, etc.) is developing on the territory of many CIS countries, including Russia, while there are no reception points for textile waste of production and consumption in sufficient quantities, unlike in European countries. There are retail outlets that accept unnecessary textiles from the population, and in return provide discounts on their products. However, taking into account the volume of textile waste generation (about 4.2–4.8 million tons per year), the existing textile waste collection system, which collects only about 0.4% of textile waste, is clearly insufficient. Based on the identified problems, the authors of this article give a socio-ecological and economic assessment of the problem of handling textile waste of consumption in Russia. The analysis of the relationship of the problems of textile waste management to the UN Sustainable Development Goals is carried out. The international experience of applying the principles of the closed-cycle economy in relation to textile waste is considered and recommendations for the transition of the Russian textile industry to a closed-cycle economy are formed.

Acute Approaches to the Development of Closed Cycle Economy in the Field of Hard Communal Waste Treatment

By methods of analysis and synthesis the article studies the problem of developing closed cycle economy in the field of hard communal waste treatment (HCW). Dynamics of waste making up was analyzed and its physical and mechanic properties and chemical composition were provided. The article gives economic tools, functions and classification of these tools that are necessary to organize the process approach to management. The authors put forward a promising scheme of treating HCW built on the basis of European experience and worked out the acute functional-structural scheme of the treatment system by the HCW complex, which demonstrates key business processes and tools of management. Such complex approach to describing the system of HCW treatment can simplify digital modeling of multi-variant business processes, such as burial of waste at waste-grounds, utilization at waste-burning plants, sorting and recycling at waste-recycling enterprises. Digital modeling with successful automated functional and cost analysis can give an opportunity to decrease uncertainty in the field of economic efficiency of managerial decision-making for rational HCW treatment and development of closed cycle economy in this sphere. A correct choice of approaches to the development of closed cycle economy in the field of HCW treatment can reduce the load on nature and support health of people.

Implementation of the main postulates of the closed-cycle economy in the construction industry

The article considers the features of the implementation of the main postulates of the closed-cycle economy in the construction industry. It is known that the construction industry is responsible for a significant impact on the environment due to the consumption of resources and energy, as well as the formation of waste. The Circular Economy (CE) can significantly increase the sustainability of this sector. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a quantitative scientific analysis of the evolution of the use of CE in the construction sector in order to identify new trends and highlight the development of this research topic. It was revealed that researchers have been paying close attention to" sustainability"," energy efficiency"," life cycle assessment"," renewable energy "and" recycling " in the last five years. In addition, it was determined that the development and use of alternative building materials, the development of closed-loop business models, smart cities, Industry 4.0 and their relations with CE are relevant areas of research that can be considered as potential topics for future research.

The environmental component of ESG factors from the standpoint of management in a closed-loop economy

Various approaches to the implementation of the concept of extended producer responsibility in the European Union are considered, and the features of the introduction and use of the closed-cycle economy in European countries are determined. Some examples of the impact of waste legislation on the production cycle of a product in the European Union are considered, as well as the main obstacles that manufacturers had to face when trying to introduce the extended producer responsibility concept in its current form into production. The key problems of using and implementing the concept under consideration in the economy are highlighted. The interrelation of ESG factors as guidelines for strategic development with the need for the development of mechanisms of extended producer responsibility is shown. The prospects for the development of extended producer responsibility in Russian production are also outlined.

Evaluation of long-term prospects of the structure of freight rail transportation

The most important business of the domestic railway industry is freight transportation, which decisively affects the financial and economic stability and efficiency of the Russian railways. Successful activities in the field of rail freight transport are determined by both the volume and the structure of these transportations. In the long term perspective, there is a risk of a reduction in the freight base of railways due to the global paradigm of decarbonization of the economy, as well as the implementation of a “circular economy”, which assumes a continuous cycle of material processing with close to 100% utilization of products that have completed their life cycle and the use of appropriate materials for the production of new products. Reducing the consumption of coal, oil and petroleum products in the course of decarbonization will lead to a corresponding reduction in the volume of their transportation by rail, and the implementation of the “closed cycle economy” — to a reduction in the transportation of non‑hydrocarbon raw materials, which also occupies a significant share in rail transportation. Taking into account the noted trends, the article provides an expert categorization of goods transported by rail by the level of long‑term prospects. All freights are divided into four categories: non‑promising, low‑promising, promising and highly promising. Based on the proposed categorization with the use of retrospective data on rock loading of freights on railway transport, a significant change in the structure of loading was revealed in terms of its long‑term prospects. For a generalized evaluation of the level of long‑term prospects of the loading structure, a new indicator is proposed — an indicator of long‑term prospects of loading. Its retrospective analysis was carried out. The results of the analysis are given a qualitative evaluation based on the developed scale of zonal values of this indicator. The necessity of solving the problem of timely replacement of freights, the traffic volumes of which will decrease in the future due to structural changes, with freights with a higher level of long‑term prospects, has been substantiated. The target structure of freight loading on the railway network is proposed and the time horizon on which it is desirable to achieve it is substantiated. The directions for the development of research on this topic have been determined.

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN TERMS OF THE CLOSED-CYCLE ECONOMY

The current stage of development of the agricultural industry is characterized by high rates of automation of production processes. In this regard, the problem of rationalizing the process of distributing agricultural resources and organizing the production chain with added value is becoming more acute. An effective solution to this problem can be a closed-cycle economy model. This model can contribute to the rational use of resources, reduce production losses, and, as a result, improve the quality of products and their volumes. It is necessary to develop a general plan for the implementation of the main postulates of the closed-cycle economy in agriculture, gradually implement the circular economy strategy and include new industrial circular economy in the process of modernization of a particular branch of agriculture. In some areas of agriculture, a cycle of production systems should be established as soon as possible. With the basic implementation of new industrial technologies and industrial development, as well as the stability of the reserves of social resources, it is necessary to steadily increase the new cycle of industrialization in agriculture.

The Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Implementing the Concept of Green Logistics

The article analyses the preconditions for shaping and developing the concept of a green economy. The stages of the evolutionary development of the circular economy are considered: work with waste; environmental performance strategies; maximum conservation in the era of resource depletion. Having analysed the scientific opinions on the emergence of “circular economy”, the paper has found out that this concept is identified with the terms “round economy”, “cyclical economy”, “recovery economy”, “closed-cycle economy”, “green economy”. The approaches of different scientific schools to the category of “circular economy” are analysed and conventionally systematized into 12 groups: closed-cycle economy; renewable resource economy; alternative to traditional linear economy; global economic model; closed-loop economic system based on R-principles; the concept of economic development; sustainable development strategy; a "green" economy instrument; business philosophy; economic activity; use of production waste; recycling of secondary raw materials. There is proposed the authors' formulation of the circular economy as an innovative approach to organizing logistics processes based on the closed movement of resources with their minimum losses in the form of waste and the maximum involvement of secondary resources in production in order to achieve sustainable development of logistics systems. The article identifies the barriers preventing the implementation of the circular economy concept, among them being regulatory, institutional, economic, financial and investment, market, technological, informational, and cultural. The article considers the best practices of effective implementation of circular economy solutions on the example of Finland. The indicators of the development of the green technologies market in the world and the national logistics system of Ukraine under conditions of a circular economy are analysed. It has been established that many conceptual approaches to the definition of the terms “green logistics” and “environmental logistics” are generally accepted and have a broader meaning, without taking into account the functioning specificity of various spheres of economic activity, including transport and logistics. Scientific views on interpreting the essence and content of the concept "green logistics" are generalized. It is proposed to consider the term "green logistics" from three angles: a circular economy instrument; a component of business corporate social responsibility; and a type of economic activity aimed at reducing the negative impact on the ecosystem and the environment. In order to effectively implement the concept of green logistics, an organizational and economic mechanism has been developed, the main elements of which are: diagnostics of the current state, features and trends in the logistics systems' development, taking into account the environmental component; exogenous and endogenous factors affecting the development of logistics systems; risks in organizing the processes of logistics activities; subjects and objects of management, goals, objectives, principles, functions, tools, methods, management tools, information technology, criteria. The priority principles of forming an organizational and economic mechanism include consistency, integration, reliability, dynamism, compliance with the goals of sustainable development, and efficiency. A structural diagram of forming an organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the concept of green logistics is proposed, including the following blocks: management of material resources’ supplies and purchases; products manufacturing; warehousing and stocks; logistic flows; the risks of logistics activities; logistics service processes; recycling of waste; innovation and transformations. Introduction of the proposed organizational and economic mechanism will reduce the cost of managing the movement of logistics flows and increase the level of environmental safety. This is one of the most important requirements for implementing the concept of business corporate social responsibility in a circular economy.

RESTRUCTURING IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE URBAN SPACE OF THE METROPOLIS

The article considers the developed model of the closed-cycle economy, which, along with economic parameters, takes into account pollution and consumption of building materials suitable for recycling. The model reflects the idea that the economic growth of a society alone cannot maintain or improve the existing quality of the environment, and for this it is necessary to increase the recycling rate. The purpose of the study is to reveal the factors influencing the increase in the level of recycling when introducing efficient and environmentally friendly systems for managing construction waste in megacities. The results of the study will affect the improvement of the quality and standards of life of the city population, the creation of favorable conditions for a safe, healthy and the prosperous life of people while ensuring the economic growth of the city. The process of the managing the growing volume of construction waste is reflected, recycling is emphasized.