Formation of national culture in the context of cross-border societies development

National culture is determined primarily by the fact that each of its individuals shares the beliefs and values that are inherent in a particular territory. At the same time, global economic and technological exchange form an environment that al-lows people to participate in cultural exchange and expand the boundaries of national culture or limit the penetration of foreign language culture into society. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the formation of national cul-ture is possible and as a protective mechanism for identifying one's identity. The aim of the article is to reveal the features of the formation of national culture with-in the framework of integration associations and integration into the structure of social development. The authors conducted an analysis of the essence of geocul-ture, generalized interpretations of the concept of "strategy", and proposed a defi-nition of the category "geocultural strategy". Geo-culture is determined by the main factor in the development of intercultural dialogue on the platform of economic, social and legal discourse.

Léon Walras and Augustin Cournot on the Regulation of Paper Money: Rules vs. Discretion at the End of the 19th Century

This paper compares Léon Walras’ and Augustin Cournot’s views on monetary regulation. It shows that whereas Cournot believed discretionary monetary regulation to be convenient and acceptable, Walras held that the only acceptable monetary system is based exclusively on the stability of the value of money under a monetary rule following a strict equivalence between metallic reserves and a pure medium of exchange form of money. The paper also advances Cournot understood more clearly than Walras the evolution of the monetary system of their days because Walras was trying to guarantee the coherence of his pure theory with his applied theory, which made him unable to accept the evolution toward a monetary system based on fiat money.

Cultural and tourism attraction in workaway projects as a sustainable agriculture development attempt in rural area: A case study of a Workaway Project in Yufuin

Industrialization and the attraction of the city have generated urbanization from the villages to the big cities. The downgrading scheme can be seen through the agricultural sector which suffers several serious problems toward the increase of a mass urbanization, ageing society, and the decline of the young farmers’ population. The data of this research is analyzed with qualitative methods using content analysis of the literature studies. The explanation will be provided by analyzing what aspects which could make Workaway projects sustainable, including the cultural exchange form and the tourism attraction aspect. The projects mainly tend to focus in finding the workers using counterurbanization attraction of the tourism magnetism around the place. There are approximately 60 projects which are related to agriculture projects around Japan. The purpose of this research is to identify and explain how Workaway Project in Yufuin can provide the network between the local community and the international society to contribute in helping the local farmers. This research found that the project is helpful in solving part of the problems in Japanese agriculture in rural areas.

A New Approach for Spontaneous Silver Ions Immobilization onto Casein

The work presents the kinetic and isotherm studies of silver binding on casein, which was carried out using batch sorption technique. Moreover, the influence of light irradiation on the process was shown. In order to investigate the mechanism of metal ions sorption by casein the zero, pseudo-first order kinetics and Weber-Morris intra-particle diffusion as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used. Furthermore, to specify more precisely, the possible binding mechanism, the spectroscopic (FT-IR—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS—Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry), microscopic (SEM—Scanning Electron Microscope, TEM/EDX—Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray detector) and thermal (TGA—Thermogravimetric Analysis, DTG—Derivative Thermogravimetry) analysis were performed. Kinetic study indicates that silver binding onto casein is a heterogeneous process with two main stages: initial rapid stage related to surface adsorption onto casein with immediate creation of silver nanoparticles and slower second stage of intraglobular diffusion with silver binding in chelated form (metalloproteins) or ion-exchange form. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the binding process and MALDI-TOF MS analysis show the dominant contribution of the α-casein in the process. Moreover, the treatment of silver-casein complex by artificial physiological fluids was performed.

Bound states of purely relativistic nature

Two particles interacting by photon exchange, form the bound states predicted by the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation with the Coulomb potential (Balmer series). More than 60 years ago, in the solutions of relativistic Bethe-Salpeter equation, in addition to the Balmer series, were found another series of energy levels. These new series, appearing when the fine structure constant α is large enough (α > π/4), are not predicted by the Schrödinger equation. However, this new (non-Balmer) states can hardly exist in nature, since in order to create a strong e.m. field with α > π/4 a point-like charge Z > 107 is needed. The nuclei having this charge, though exist starting with bohrium, are far from to be point-like. In the present paper, we analyze the more realistic case of a strong interaction created by exchange of a massive particle. It turns out that in the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation this interaction still generates a series of new relativistic states, which are similar to those of the massless exchange case, and which are absent in the Schrödinger equation. The properties of these solutions are studied. Their existence in nature seems possible.

Negotiate, reciprocate, or cooperate? The impact of exchange modes on inter-employee knowledge sharing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange modes – negotiated, reciprocal, generalized, and productive – on inter-employee knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Based on the affect theory of social exchange, a theoretical model was developed and empirically tested using a survey of 691 employees from 15 North American credit unions. Findings The negotiated mode of knowledge exchange, i.e. when a knowledge contributor explicitly establishes reciprocation conditions with a recipient, develops negative knowledge sharing attitude. The reciprocal mode, i.e. when a knowledge donor assumes that a receiver will reciprocate, has no effect on knowledge sharing attitude. The generalized exchange form, i.e. when a knowledge contributor believes that other organizational members may reciprocate, is weakly related to knowledge sharing attitude. The productive exchange mode, i.e. when a knowledge provider assumes he or she is a responsible citizen within a cooperative enterprise, strongly facilitates the development of knowledge sharing attitude, which, in turn, leads to knowledge sharing intentions. Practical implications To facilitate inter-employee knowledge sharing, managers should focus on the development of positive knowledge sharing culture when all employees believe they contribute to a common good instead of expecting reciprocal benefits. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to apply the affect theory of social exchange to study knowledge sharing.

Design of the Post-Processor for Rotors Dynamics Based on the STEP Standard

The STEP standard is an international standard for data expressing and exchanging during the whole life cycle of the product, the neutral file is an universal data exchange form for the data exchanging. In order to develop a STEP post-processer for the rotor dynamics analysis software-Rotors Dynamics, the author elaborates the lexical analysis module and data mapping module, studies the rotor model parameter extraction based on STEP neutral file, and realizes the seamless connectivity between the Rotors Dynamics and the rotor’s CAD model.