Modifying result states in Turkish

This study investigates the properties of a durative modifier that exclusively targets result states in Turkish. We call this modifier RSM, standing for Result State Modifier. What is peculiar about RSM is that it can express the actual duration of a result state, as well as a non-actual duration for an actual result state. Our goal is to describe the conditions under which these two interpretations are licensed and to provide a compositional analysis of how these interpretations are derived. We argue that dispositions play a key role in the way RSM can describe a non-actual duration for an actual result state.

Synthetic considerations on the origin and emergence of human language

Human (vocal-articulated) language may be regarded both as a structure and organ, and as an instrument and biosocial behaviour. Its foundation is material and motor, and its development procedural-historical. Examining the relationship between the initial moment (gesture) and the actual result (vocal-articulated language)—at the motor and neural levels—reveals that mental activities occur and develop as a result of the biological organism’s interactions with its natural and social environment. Therefore, language appears not as a consequence of a revolution or of an evolutionary jump, but as a result of organic and gradual developments occurring in a biosocial environment and having the same kind of premises. The many structures contributing to its appearance (osseous, muscular, nervous, genetic) were directed by social events generating behaviours whose exercise led to certain developments. Having achieved structural and behavioral diversification, and in so far as it could benefit evolution, such a development was exploited by the biological and social organism, such that—irrespective of space, time, or the aspects of a particular context—above a certain level of evolution, the various human communities spread throughout the globe exhibited the intrinsic tendency of developing this ability.

A Disproportionality Bias in the Bureau of the Regional Assembly of Madrid

This paper analyses the voting behavior of the parliamentary groups in the Regional Assembly of Madrid to appoint the Bureau, its representative body, in all the legislatures since its inception (1983–2021). To this end, the actual result of the voting is compared with the mock result attained by following a Nash equilibrium (NE) and a d’Hondt (d’H) allocation in each vote. But the result of a d’Hondt allocation varies based on the number of stages in which the voting is performed (President, Vice-President, and Secretaries), so a bias towards disproportionality could exist as measured by the absolute index of disproportionality which calculates the number of seats non-proportionally allocated. The results show that, in view of the hypothesis on the importance of the number of seats, the NE was only followed in four of the 12 Legislatures for Vice-Presidents (it was always followed for Secretaries). Thus, parliamentary groups could gain more seats by modifying their strategies. Additionally, the absolute rate of disproportionality and the number of seats non-proportionally allocated indicate that, in general, parliamentary groups obtain voting results that are less disproportionate than they could be (due to the number of voting stages).

Prediction of the Atmospheric Dustiness over the Black Sea Region Using the WRF-Chem Model

To make a reliable forecast for the level of dust, many external factors such as the wind energy and the soil content in the moisture must be considered. The numerical prediction of the Black sea region’s content of dust is the focus of this study, and for this purpose, the WRF-Chem model is used. The investigation is based on the statistics of the prediction coincidence and the actual result extracted from the data of the backward trajectories of AERONET and aerosol stratification maps in the atmosphere constructed with the help of the CALIPSO satellite. A comprehensive set of data was collected, and a comparative analysis of the results was carried out using machine learning techniques. The investigation identified 89% hits in the prediction of dust events, which is a very satisfactory result.

Twitter sentiment analysis for the estimation of voting intention in the 2017 Chilean elections

In this paper, we apply sentiment analysis methods in the context of the first round of the 2017 Chilean elections. The purpose of this work is to estimate the voting intention associated with each candidate in order to contrast this with the results from classical methods (e.g., polls and surveys). The data are collected from Twitter, because of its high usage in Chile and in the sentiment analysis literature. We obtained tweets associated with the three main candidates: Sebastián Piñera (SP), Alejandro Guillier (AG) and Beatriz Sánchez (BS). For each candidate, we estimated the voting intention and compared it to the traditional methods. To do this, we first acquired the data and labeled the tweets as positive or negative. Afterward, we built a model using machine learning techniques. The classification model had an accuracy of 76.45% using support vector machines, which yielded the best model for our case. Finally, we use a formula to estimate the voting intention from the number of positive and negative tweets for each candidate. For the last period, we obtained a voting intention of 35.84% for SP, compared to a range of 34–44% according to traditional polls and 36% in the actual elections. For AG we obtained an estimate of 37%, compared with a range of 15.40% to 30.00% for traditional polls and 20.27% in the elections. For BS we obtained an estimate of 27.77%, compared with the range of 8.50% to 11.00% given by traditional polls and an actual result of 22.70% in the elections. These results are promising, in some cases providing an estimate closer to reality than traditional polls. Some differences can be explained due to the fact that some candidates have been omitted, even though they held a significant number of votes.

Concepts and Signs of Risk in Entrepreneurship

The article is devoted to the study of the concept and features of risks in entrepreneurship. The points of view of scientists concerning the concept of risks are analyzed, two main concepts of risk are outlined: classical and neoclassical. The focus is on several risk concepts in the context of the doctrine of objective liability for damages: integral risk theory, theory of spheres, risk-benefit theory. The article systemizes the existing approaches to the essence and content of such a phenomenon as a risk in entrepreneurship: (1) risk is interpreted as uncertainty, indeterminacy, attribute of decision-making in a situation of uncertainty; (2) the risk is defined as the probability of deviation of the actual result from the expected; (3) the risk arises as an activity; (4) the risk is treated as the threat (danger) of deviation of the results of specific decisions or actions from the expected; (5) risk is interpreted as a system (complex) of individual components and elements (integrated approach). Different points of view of researchers concerning the signs of entrepreneurial risks are considered, author's signs of risk in entrepreneurship are singled out. Two ways of further development of the economic legislation in the part of legal support of freedom of entrepreneurship, as well as risk inherent in it, business risk management, etc. are proposed.

THE ESSENCE AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING: THEORETICAL ASPECT

The article contains the results of a study of the nature and main characteristics of the national-patriotic upbringing. The study was conducted by studying and analyzing the latest regulations and publications, related issues and identifying the nature of the main characteristics of the national-patriotic upbringing. The author of the article presents the results of scientific analysis, conclusions about the need to develop formation technologies of national-patriotic education of students at schools. National-patriotic upbringing is a complex of personality traits and actual result, achieved by an individual or collective in the process of national-patriotic upbringing, manifested in the ability and willingness to be realized as an individual and collective in the service to the Motherland: learning the experience of cognitive activity by a student involves the formation of patriotic knowledge and ideas; mastering the experience of emotional and value relationships by a student means the formation of patriotic feelings, values, beliefs; mastering the student's practical experience is manifested in the implementation of patriotic knowledge and ideas, values and beliefs in patriotic behavior and activities. The essence of national-patriotic upbringing, in our opinion, is the students' learning of the experience of cognitive activity, emotional-value relationships and effective practical experience, which are manifested in the ability and willingness to be realized as an individual and collective in the activity for the benefit of the Motherland. The article can be recommended for publication in a specialized journal.

The use of Markov Chain method to determine spare transformer number and location

<span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this study is to develop a method to determine spare transformer number and location. Using Markov Chain method, state transition model and steady state probability was used on each 500-kV substation in order to analyze the effect of spare number and location variation with the reliability changes. To give an actual result of the case study, calculation of spare transformer number and location on 500/150 kV transformers in Java Bali System was analyzed. The steady state probability results will vary depending on the number of spare transformer, these results can then be used to assess the spare transformer needed. The variation of spare transformer location can be used to analyze the best possible location of the spare in order to satisfy the reliability required. The methodology presented shows an integrated calculation for determining the spare transformer number and location.</span>

Scheduling Optimization of Sugarcane Harvest Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Scheduling is one of the important part in production planning process. One of the factor that influence the smooth production process is raw material supply. Sugarcane supply as the main raw material in the making of sugar is the most important componen. The algorithm that used in this study was Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. SA apability to accept the bad or no better solution within certain time distinguist it from another local search algorithm. Aim of this study was to implement the SA algorithm in scheduling the sugarcane harvest process so that the amount of sugarcane harvest not so differ from mill capacity of the factory. Data used in this study were 60 data from sugarcane farms that ready to cut and mill capacity 1660 tons. Sugarcane harvest process in 19 days producing 33043,76 tons used SA algorithm and 27089,47 tons from factory actual result. Based on few experiments, obtained sugarcane harvest average by SA algorithm was 1651,63 tons per day and factory actual result was 1354,47 tons. Result of harvest scheduling used SA algorithm showed not so differ average from mill capacity of factory. Truck uses scheduling by SA algorithm showed average 119 trucks per day while from factory actual result was 156 trucks. With the same harvest time, SA algorithm result was greater and the amount of used truck less than actual result of factory. Thus, can be concluded SA algorithm can make the scheduling of sugarcane harvest become more optimall compared to other methods applied by the factory nowdays.