scholarly journals Biological activity and humus state of soils in the near-adjacent part of the Selenga River

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Ts D-Ts Korsunova ◽  
N D Baldanov ◽  
G D Chimitdorzhieva ◽  
E E Valova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Abstract Peculiarities of humus formation and manifestation of biological activity of soils are revealed. The objects of research are grey forest nonpodzolized, alluvial meadow soils as arable land, meadow-marsh soils as hayfield. Humus condition of the studied soils is in satisfactory condition within each soil type. The current state of the humus fund of old-arable grey forest soils is characterized by low humus content and unsatisfactory composition, which is caused by the absence of fertility change. The productivity of meadow-marsh soils is high and considerably exceeds grey forest and alluvial meadow soils. The information obtained on biological activity, can be used in agricultural practice to assess soil productivity, as well as in environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals On the Study of the Humus State of Meadow Brown Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract. The studies carried out and the results obtained on the humus state of meadow brown soils are fully consistent with the literature. The change in the humus content in the soils of the meadow soil formation process depends on the effect of surface and ground moisture on humus formation. Studies have revealed that the humus content in meadow brown soils decreases gradually and relatively evenly with depth. For meadow soils with a meadow process of soil formation, there is a general tendency for a decrease in humus from the upper horizons to the lower ones.

Influence of phytomelioration on the processes of humus accumulation and microflora of agrogenic soils of Primorye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Purtova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Kiseleva ◽  
L.N. Shchapova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Biological State ◽  
Integral Indicator

The monograph is devoted to the study of the influence of various phytomeliorants on the microflora, physicochemical and agrochemical properties of soils. Changes in carbon pools and СО2 emissions from soils, which are most widely used in agriculture of the region, have been studied. The data on the effect of various phytomeliorants on the humus state of soils, their biological activity and optical-energy indicators are presented. Taking into account the change in the integral indicator of the biological state of soils, the most effective phytomeliorants that have a positive effect on soil fertility have been identified. Methods for indicating changes in humus content and catalase activity under the influence of phytomeliorants and various systems of agrotechnical soil cultivation are proposed. The book is intended for soil scientists, ecologists, agrochemists, specialists dealing with agricultural issues, as well as students of relevant specialties.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

scholarly journals Database of biological indicators of control of legume agrocenoses productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
S.V. Didovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Experimental data gained through research requires systematization and interpretation of the effectiveness of applicable objects, methods and agricultural technologies. This data is of scientific and practical value for proper decision-making in agricultural practice. The purpose of the research is twofold: 1) to develop a structured database based on the results of long-term field experiments using various plant-microbial symbioses in legumes agrocenoses under soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea; 2) to generalize information to search for the possibility of biological control of plant productivity. The database has the minimum software requirements: Microsoft Office suite for Microsoft Windows operating systems (XP or higher OS) and software package for statistical analysis Statistica_10. Data collection, sorting and systematization, as well as matrix writing was carried out in Microsoft Excel; database structure development and design – using Microsoft Visual Basic for Application (VBA); data analysis and processing, as well as agrocenosis productivity modelling, were carried out with the help of Statistica (StatSoft) version 10. The database size is 8 MB. It has three structured VBA blocks: 1) biological activity of the soil, 2) physiological and biochemical status, productivity of plants and 3) matrices of indicators of biological activity of the soil and plant biology. Information on the structural and functional organization of the soil microbiocenosis, enzymatic activity and soil respiration, symbiotic efficiency, intensity and direction of microbiological and biochemical processes in the rhizosphere of legumes, as well as their physiological status, productivity and seed quality included sequentially. The Database is implemented on 23 electronic sheets in Microsoft Excel, integrates and interacts with the Statistica_10. The Database allows searching for interactive links in the system “microorganisms–plants–soil”, modelling the productivity of agrocenoses, identifying plant-microbial systems with the active interface when using polyfunctional microbial preparations in the technology of growing legumes under soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. With the help of the database, we found that the use of polyfunctional microbial preparations causes different potential in the system “microorganisms–plants–soil”. Bacterization of plants with microbial preparations has 1.8 times factorial effect more on the physiology and productivity of legumes (76 %) compared to a factorial effect on the biological activity of the soil in the agrocenosis (42 %). The potential of the interaction of the cyanorhizobial consortium with legumes was revealed. It had a minimal total factor difference (29 %) between the physiological and biochemical state, productivity of legumes and indicators of biological activity of soil compared to ‘Rhizobofit’ (36 %), ‘Rhizobofit’, ‘Phosphoenterin’, ‘Biopolycid’ (33 %), ‘Rhizobofit’ and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (39 %).

scholarly journals Assessment of agro-ecological composition of gray forest soils under the different agricultural use

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
S. Razanov ◽  
V. Melnyk ◽  
B. Nazaruk ◽  
M. Kutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agricultural Use

The article presents the results of the agroecological composition of soils for different agricultural uses. Under modern conditions of increasing intensification of agricultural production, the agroecological condition of soils is deteriorating, which increases the risk of obtaining low–quality products. Along with this, there are various problems, such as loss of soil fertility, increased erosion, groundwater pollution and environmental pollution in general. Therefore, there is a need for constant monitoring of agroecological indicators of the soil in the conditions of intensive agriculture and horticulture. The great importance is the problem of finding reserves to increase soil fertility and improve their agroecological condition. Therefore, regular testing of soil nutrients and factors that have a major impact on their availability are extremely important to achieve sustainable levels of crop and fruit production. The main purpose of the research was to study and analyze agricultural lands: arable land and perennial plantations and the main agrochemical indicators of the soil of the central part of Vinnytsia region during intensive agriculture and horticulture. The object of research is the soils of agricultural lands used under intensive horticulture and crop production. The subject of research is the agroecological indicators of soil. The research was carried out in the farm of Agro–Etalon LLC in the village of Vasylivka, Tyvriv district. The soils of agricultural lands used under orchards (apple orchard) and agricultural crops (wheat after sunflower predecessor) were studied for comparison. According to the results of soil analysis, it was found that the highest difference in the studied indicators was found in the exchangeable potassium (К2О), mobile phosphorus (Р2О5), which was observed more in the soils involved in horticulture compared to the soils of field crop rotations. Farm soils with different agricultural uses were characterized by lower humus content. The highest difference in the concentration of chemical metals was found for molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd), which were more in the soils used in horticulture.

scholarly journals Organic substances replenishment and high humus content of soil in the apple orchads under different fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko ◽  
I. P. Petryshyna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Old Trees

The balance of humus in a meter layer of dark gray, podzolized soil and podzolized chernozem of the experimental apple orchads and the study of their long-term fertilization was investigated (from the planting to 50-year old trees) with the use of organic (40 t/ha of cattle manure) and mineral fertilizers (N120P120K120), which were applied once in two years in autumn under the plowing in the row spacings at a depth of 18 20 cm. In the 20-year period (from 30- to 50-year-old experimental gardens) in a meter layer of dark gray podzolized soil on the non-fertilized control plots the amount of humus increased by 27 t/ha, and on the plots fertilized with manure – by 7 t/ha more and on the plots with mineral fertilizers – by 6 t/ha less and in podzolized chernozem – 37 t/ha and 3 t/ha more and 10 t/ha less respectively. Such changes in humus storage were caused by different replenishment of organic substances, and, to a greater extent, an increase in the biological activity of the fertilized soil, in particular the intensity of mineralization processes of organic matter, and in particular the humus compounds. Also, the replanishment of such soils in the gardens by the organic mass of fallen leaves and thin (d≤1mm) small roots, which systematically grows and dies, providing root nutrition of fruit plants, was investigated. These sources supplemented with organic substances the layer of soil of 0 20 cm – with all the mass of leaves and 38,5 43,3% of the total roots, and the increase in humus content was in all roots of the layer of 0 60 cm: in non-fertilized areas of 11 t/ha in dark gray soil and 18 tons per hectare in chernozem, under organic fertilizers, by 14 and 19 t/ha, and under mineral fertilizers – by 3 and 9 t/ha respectively. The greatest quantity of humus was added in the layer 60 100 cm: 16 and 19 t/ha, 20 and 21 t/ha and 18 t/ha. Such results were conditioned by the intensification of biological activity, in particular mineralization processes, in the upper layers of fertilized soils at higher humus content, as well as the migration of soluble humus substances deep into the meter profile.

HUMUS STATE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MAIN TYPES OF UZBEKISTAN SOILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Nоdira Raupova ◽  
◽  
Zilola Gulyamova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Humus State

Effects of Seasonal and Perennial Climatic Fluctuations on Geographical Distribution of the Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI of Arable Land in the Bryansk Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Grigory V. LOBANOV ◽  
Marina V. AVRAMENKO ◽  
Anna Yu. CHAROCHKINA ◽  
Nikolay N. DROZDOV
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Enhanced Vegetation Index ◽  
Lithological Composition

This article discusses the patterns of geographical distribution of the enhanced vegetation index EVI within the Bryansk region (upper Dnieper basin, south-western Russia) in the spring months of 2010-2015. The factors of index distribution, based on agricultural land monitoring data in other regions, are described. The crucial role of abiotic (topography, soil) and biotic factors in the distribution of the EVI is shown. The generalized data of meteorological observations of 2010-2015 are presented; the effects of their high variability on the range of the EVI values and its geographical distribution are shown. Data on the differences in the EVI distribution in the spring months of 2010-2015 is presented, which are explained by the differing periods of phenological seasons, surface relief characteristics (flat and convex watersheds, drainage conditions), lithological composition and humus content in the upper horizons of arable soil. A qualitative relationship between spring changes in the EVI for arable land and the combination of edaphic factors of agro-landscape functioning is established and the mechanisms that ensure such differences are presented. The use of the EVI distribution patterns is justified in the years with different climatic conditions to identify arable lands with different surface topography and soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Suffices to Feed a Country: a Large-Scale Linear Programming Model to Develop an Organic Agriculture Plan for Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Bulut Aslan ◽  
A. Yonca Demir
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Food Miles

A frequently voiced critique is that due to lower yields on organically managed farmlands, one cannot feed a country using organic agriculture. In this paper, we aim to mathematically disprove this claim by developing a linear programming model and produce a detailed agriculture plan for Turkey sufficient to feed her population with a 2400 kcal daily menu on average, solely comprising of organic foods. The model uses information about population sizes and food needs of 81 cities in Turkey, and yields of 120 food, feed, forage crops, and four animal products. Intensive and extensive livestock production methods as well as food transportation between cities has been incorporated into the model. The resulting problem with 950 thousand variables and 40 thousand constraints can be solved with an optimization package in under a minute. Results, prescribing how many acres of each crop should be grown in each city, indicate that to feed the country fully on organic produce, 63% of the arable land suffices, yielding 8.9 million hectares of unused land where further organic foods could be grown for export or aid. We also run the model under different scenarios: fully vegetarian diet, omnivore model, different transportation structures, drought conditions and a limit on fruit trees. With this work, we have shown that it is possible to feed the whole population of Turkey with an agricultural practice that is not harmful to human health, soil, water and air; respects biological cycles and reduces food miles and fossil fuel consumption, thus contributing to sustainability and fighting climate change. We tested preliminary scenarios to understand the robustness of organic agriculture in the face of extreme weather events. The proposed model can also be applied to other countries when appropriate data are used.

scholarly journals Detection of Changes in Arable Chernozemic Soil Health Based on Landsat TM Archive Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Igor Savin ◽  
Elena Prudnikova ◽  
Yury Chendev ◽  
Anastasia Bek ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Arable Soils

When soils are used for a long period of time as arable land, their properties change. This can lead to soil degradation and loss of fertility, as well as other important soil biosphere functions. Obtaining data on the trends in arable soil conditions over large areas using traditional field survey methods is expensive and time-consuming. Currently, there are large archives of satellite data that can be used to monitor the status of arable soils. The analysis of changes in the color of the surface of arable chernozem soils of the Belgorod region, for the period from 1985 to the present, has been carried out based on the analysis of Landsat TM5 satellite data and information about the spectral reflectance of the soils of the region. It is found that, on most parts of arable lands of the region, the color of the soil surface has not changed significantly since 1985. Color changes were revealed on 11% of the analyzed area. The greatest changes are connected with the humus content and moisture content of soils. The three most probable reasons for the change of humus content in an arable horizon of soils are as follows: the dehumidification of soils during plowing; the reduction of the humus content due to water erosion; and the increase in humus content due to changes in the land-use system of the region in recent years. The change in soil moisture regime has mainly been found in arable lands in river valleys, most likely conditioned by the natural evolution of soils. Trends of increasing soil moisture are prevalent. The revealed regularities testify to the high stability of arable soils in the region during the last few decades.

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