AN INVESTIGATION BY THE BEP-TR METHOD OF THE EFFECT OF OBSTRUCTION ANGLE PARAMETER ON LIGHTING ENERGY PERFORMANCE AND DAYLIGHT SUPPLY

ABSTRACT Following the EN 15193, 2008 Energy Performance in Buildings Regulation in the European Union Member States, a comprehensive calculation can be made on lighting energy performance and daylight effect. This improved model accounts for Turkey’s “BEP-TR” (“Regulation on Energy Performance in Buildings”). In the present study, the effect of the obstruction angle parameter of buildings on lighting energy consumption and daylight provided is examined through a sample hotel project by the BEP-TR calculation method. This study investigates the effect of daylight on lighting energy performance alternatives that were produced according to the height, building distance variations (causing obstruction angle), and the correlation between annual lighting consumption values, daylight supply factor, and obstruction parameters. Accordingly, the current study aims to develop a method to assist zoning regulations, building intervals, and height decisions by determining specific ratios between obstruction parameters, daylight supply factor and lighting energy consumption values. Results of this study clearly show that obstruction parameter variables affect both the daylight supply factor and annual lighting energy significantly.

Data Analysis of Shipping Cycle in Dry Bulk Market

The dry bulk market BDI index fell from 11,793 points on May 20, 2008 to 290 points on February 10, 2016, which is a very certain "downward cycle" of the shipping market, showing an "L" shape. By citing random samples and big data, the paper analyzes the causes of the "L" type cycle. First, through random sample data, a binary measurement model with BDI index as the dependent variable and dry bulk market supply and demand as independent variables is established, and it is concluded that the "down cycle" of the dry bulk market is caused by the "supply factor"; then the paper continues to quote big data, that is, to use "whole sample" to further analyze the sub-variables of supply variables. Finally, the paper concludes that the "downward cycle" of the dry bulk shipping market is "L" shaped, which is caused by changes in the "market structure" of the shipbuilding market.

PEMETAAN ZONA RESIKO PENULARAN COVID-19 DI SULAWESI SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN PLOT DENDROGRAM HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING

Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu provinsi di urutan teratas yang angka positif Covid-19 tinggi. Juga, penambahan kasus harian dan jumlah kematian pasien akibat Covid-19 relatif tinggi. Mencermati keadaan ini, diperlukan kajian yang dapat memetakan resiko penanggulangan Covid-19 dari segi statistik pandemi (total kasus kumulatif, pasien sembuh, pasien meninggal, dan pasien dirawat) dikombinasi dengan karakteristik ekonomi, kesehatan, sosial, dan demografi kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data statistik resmi BPS dan pemerintahan terkait, untuk menyusun peta clustering zonasi daerah pandemi covid 19 kabupaten/kota, serta analisis kluster berjenjang dendrogram (dendrogram hierarchical clustering) dalam ruang lingkup regional Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Menggunakan peta tematis total kasus dan dendrogram kluster berjenjang, kami membagi ke dalam 4 (empat) kluster, yaitu kluster 1 (rendah), klaster 2 (sedang), klaster 3 (waspada), klaster 4 (berbahaya). Kami menemukan bahwa ibu kota provinsi, Makassar, ada di klaster 4 dengan karakteristik: kasus positif pasien Covid-19 terbanyak dan tingkat kepadatan penduduk terpadat. Di sisi lain, Makassar ini menunjukkan ketahanan dari segi sudut pandang faktor penawaran (supply factor) dukungan fasilitas kesehatan, baik yang berhubungan dengan rumah sakit, fasilitas kesehatan primer (puskesmas), maupun fasilitas kesehatan berbasis komunitas (posyandu), dan juga tenaga kesehatan terbesar. Sedangkan Gowa, dan Bone termasuk di cluster/zona 3 sebagai kabupaten yang dekat dengan episenter, yang memiliki karakteristik kasus pasien positif Covid-19 kedua terbanyak dari kab/kota di zona 1, dan didukung angka kepadatan penduduk yang lebih renggang dibandingkan zona 4, dan didukung oleh faskes dan nakes terbesar kedua dibandingkan kabupaten/kota di zona 1. Temuan sementara dari kajian ini dapat dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi acuan makalah kajian mendatang untuk menghitung indeks komposit resilient (sudut pandang optimis) atau indeks komposit kerentanan (sudut pandang pesimis) terhadap pandemi Covid-19, yang akan berguna untuk regional, nasional, bahkan dunia. Kontribusi sementara dari study ini yang dapat diberikan kepada pemerintah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan adalah peningkatan kualitas koordinasi tanggap darurat Covid-19, contohnya di dalam pembatasan mobilitas penduduk. Bila mau melakukan kebijakan perpanjangan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), pemerintah daerah zona 4 dan 3 harus kompak, terutama membatasi mobilitas penduduk dari dan ke klaster 2 dan 1 dengan resiko rendah. Hal berikutnya, dengan mempertimbangkan realokasi bantuan langsung dari daerah di klaster 1 dan 2 untuk daerah di klaster 3 dan 4, tentu saja dengan tetap memperhitungkan kewenangan dan aturan yang ada.

Slavery and Decline of Slave-Ownership in Ottoman Bursa 1460–1880

The most widely accepted narrative about the long-term history of slavery in Ottoman lands rests on a supply-side story. According to this, military and diplomatic factors reduced the inflow of slaves from the seventeenth century onwards and, consequently, exorbitant prices turned slaveholding into a luxury inaccessible to all but the top elite. Using evidence from probate inventories of the city of Bursa and its hinterland from 1460 to 1880, the present study examines this narrative in light of the incidence of slave-ownership and prices. We observe substantial decline in slaveholding already before the beginning of the government reforms concerning slavery and slave trade in the nineteenth century. We also find a decline in slave prices, both absolute and relative to wages. This is unexpected. Further analysis suggests, on the one hand, that a different supply factor, relative increase in the African slave population due to changes in the global traffic may have been instrumental in these trends, which links Bursa's non-colonial market to world slavery. On the other hand, examination of the consumption/investment preferences of the wealthy suggests that demand for slaves, too, may have declined, we surmise, in response to demographic and social change affecting alternative labor costs as well as cultural change affecting the meaning of slaveholding.

The Rise and Fall of Thailand's Export-Oriented Industries

In the past three decades, with the exception of the Asian financial crisis in 1997–98, the Thai economy was propelled by the rapid growth of manufactured exports. There were 18 years of a double-digit export growth, averaging 20.5 percent per year. In 2009, Thailand's exports collapsed after the 2008–09 global financial crisis, but rebounded sharply in the following year. Thailand's exports growth significantly slowed down in 2011 and 2012. From 2013 to 2016, Thailand's exports experienced negative growth. The global recession and China's slowdown contributed to the dismal export performance. There was also a supply factor responsible for the negative growth, however. The dwindling level of foreign direct investment (FDI), caused by Thailand's political turmoil and pessimistic business sentiment, has diminished export capability and competitiveness. The fall of Thailand's export-oriented industries can be attributed to the country's inability to attract FDI inflows. Some industries that are able to secure continuous flows of FDI remain competitive, whereas others that cannot will progressively retreat from the world market.

Determination of Leagile Supply Chain Index Using Fuzzy ANP Approach

The contemporary manufacturing industries highly depend upon the change in customer needs and also focus on their varying demands across the supply chain. The uncertain demand and supply factor paves the successful supply chain of the manufacturing organization. The manufacturing organizations themselves imply many quality principles to withstand in the competitive market. This article deals with the selection of best suitable alternative for the case supply chain using Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (ANP). The advantage of using Fuzzy ANP is the selection of best suitable alternative by considering various interdependent values across the supply chain and also overcome vagueness associated with the computation.