scholarly journals GENDER IMBALANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROVIDING FORENSIC SERVICES FOR JUSTICE: CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
О. Agapova ◽  
Yu. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vertical Segregation ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
Expert Support

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the issue of gender inequality in general, and in particular in the field of forensic expert support of justice, including the problem of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine. The article outlines possible reasons for the existence of gender imbalance in the form of vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in the field of employment and in the field of forensic expert support of justice, as well as examples of gender inequality manifestations. An analysis of previous researches of distinguished women scientists and representatives of civil society institutions as to the problem of gender imbalance in the field of education, professional self-determination and career growth has been carried out. A specific focus is drawn to particular manifestations of gender imbalance in science. At the same time, the analysis of legal regulations of national and international significance on counteraction to gender inequality in different areas of public life has been considered. The activity of central executive agencies regarding advancement of women in society and influence of initiated programs on counteraction to gender imbalance in the field of forensic expert support of justice is studied. Statistics on manifestations of possible vertical segregation of labor in leadership positions in state specialized institutions of Ukraine is provided. Examples of international organizations which activity has a wide range of influence and the ones which activity is aimed at improving the state of women forensic experts in the field of forensic expert support are outlined. The experience of such organizations for preventing and overcoming gender imbalance, as well as specific proposals for solving this problem are taken into consideration.

Gender inequality in the work environment: a study of private research organizations in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal Woman

Purpose Since liberalization in the 1990s, India has witnessed a growth in the number of educated middle-class women in professions. However, there are few women in leadership positions and decision-making bodies. While the earlier notion of the ideal woman as homemaker has been replaced by one which idealizes women of substance, a woman’s role in the family continues to be pivotal and is even viewed as central in defining Indian culture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and to what extent gender inequalities are reproduced in the organizations employing educated professionals. Design/methodology/approach Based on the perspective that gender is socially constructed, this paper analyzes gender inequality in Indian organizations through semi-structured interviews of men and women scientists in two private pharmaceutical laboratories. Findings The findings show reproduction of a gendered normative order through two types of norms and practices: one, norms and practices that favor men and second, socio-cultural norms that devalue women in public spaces which help to maintain masculinity in the workplace. Although these practices might be found elsewhere in the world, the manner in which they are enacted reflects national cultural norms. Originality/value The paper highlights how various norms and practices enacted in the specific Indian socio-cultural context construct and maintain masculinity at workplace depriving opportunities to professional women which affect their rise to leadership positions.

scholarly journals Opt-out choice framing attenuates gender differences in the decision to compete in the laboratory and in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (42) ◽  
pp. e2108337118
Author(s):  
Joyce C. He ◽  
Sonia K. Kang ◽  
Nicola Lacetera
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Choice Framing

Research shows that women are less likely to enter competitions than men. This disparity may translate into a gender imbalance in holding leadership positions or ascending in organizations. We provide both laboratory and field experimental evidence that this difference can be attenuated with a default nudge—changing the choice to enter a competitive task from a default in which applicants must actively choose to compete to a default in which applicants are automatically enrolled in competition but can choose to opt out. Changing the default affects the perception of prevailing social norms about gender and competition as well as perceptions of the performance or ability threshold at which to apply. We do not find associated negative effects for performance or wellbeing. These results suggest that organizations could make use of opt-out promotion schemes to reduce the gender gap in competition and support the ascension of women to leadership positions.

Gender Inequality in Leadership Positions of Teachers

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Addi-Raccah ◽  
Hanna Ayalon
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Leadership Positions

scholarly journals Gender policy of China and measures to struggle gender inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
G.R. Absattarov ◽  
◽  
D.A. Nesterenya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The Family

The article discusses the gender policy of China, which originated from the formation of the PRC and ending today. The analysisis carried out of gender inequality, which led to such consequences as gender imbalance, aging of the nation, and small number of women in politics or leadership positionsand in education. Considered the problem introduced in the 80s of the twentieth century, the policy of "family planning", according to which the family could have only one child, and the changes made to it in 2013, when it was allowed to have two children.It also looks at ways to overcome gender inequality.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF FORENSIC SUPPORT: THEORETICAL, LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
O. Kliuiev
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Science Activity ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Expert Support

The article purpose is to determine conceptual foundations and directions of the formation of the modern paradigm of forensic justice. The problems affecting the quality and effectiveness of forensic examinations include the following: untimely arrival of forensic experts at the scene that subsequently often leads to unsuitability of research objects; lack of an adequate arsenal of forensic methods; lack of high-tech equipment that can be used to perform certain types of forensic researches; insufficient generalizations of international positive and negative experience for organizing forensic activities; imperfection of legal acts regulating forensic activities, etc. In order to solve the problems of timely receipt of research objects by a forensic expert, in addition to resolving issues of their prompt withdrawal and providing them for a forensic examination, it is necessary to update the development of theoretical and applied principles for the technology of performing certain types of traditional and innovative forensic researches; to develop a developed system of scientific and practical seminars (trainings) including at the appropriate training grounds in relevant areas of forensic science activity. An important factor in improving the expert provision of justice in Ukraine is consideration of the requirements of European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ Guidelines) and further cooperation with ENFSI. As an important criterion for the effective development of expert support for justice, one can also single out the need for more precise legislative regulation of guarantees for the provision of forensic expert activity. Implementation of the proposed measures will ensure the forensic expert independence, optimize forensic activities and significantly increase its effectiveness.

scholarly journals ABOUT CLASSIFICATION ISSUES OF FORENSIC CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING EXAMINATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-492
Author(s):  
D. Puchko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Technical Content ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Specialized Institutions

Analysis of forensic science practice indicates that object range and number of performed construction and engineering researches are constantly increasing. Considering relevance of this kind of forensic science as for the investigation of criminal proceedings and for other types of legal proceedings, the basic provisions related to the theoretical base formation of forensic construction and engendering examinations in its classification aspect are considered. Currently, the lists of types of forensic examinations and forensic expert area of specializations are valid in Ukraine. According to these lists qualification of a forensic expert is assigned to experts of forensic science institutions the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, as well as to specialists who do not work in state specialized institutions. These Lists are annexes to the Regulation: On Qualification Commissions and Certification of Forensic Experts approved by the No. 301/5 order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated 03.03.2015. According to the specified document, as separate types of forensic examinations, forensic construction engineering, forensic land lot evaluation forensic building evaluation, forensic building evaluation and forensic road examination on corresponding types of expert areas of specialization are recorded. The subject of forensic construction engineering examination and land lot evaluation should be considered factual data and circumstances of the case (production) established on the basis of specialized expertise in construction field having evidentiary value for any type of legal proceedings while research on relevant construction objects: real estate, building materials, structures and related technical documentation. Thus, technical content of construction engineering examinations and forensic land lot evaluations involves forensic construction engineering implementation by examining relevant engineering sites analyzing technical documentation within the subject and tasks of the specified categories of examinations by the relevant subject by applying the appropriate system of research methods. These features distinguish them in independent kinds of forensic science.

scholarly journals Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Stepanenko et al. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
The Impact

So far, gender inequality in education has been considered in the context of inequality in women’s access to technical specialties, the impact of education on the fertility rate and wages of women, the impact of religious, cultural, social-economic values on women’s education level. However, this concept does little to explain the gender imbalance and low quality of human capital in an environment where women have the opportunity to be educated in any field of knowledge through a feminization in the European countries. The research methodology is based on the correlation analysis of indicators of gender equality in education in Germany, France, Poland, and Ukraine for 1991-2018. The purpose of the study is to identify the trends and dynamics of gender changes in education, the level of gender inequality and establish the causes and effects of gender asymmetry in some European countries. To evaluate gender equality in education, we used the Gender Parity Index. The results of correlation analysis prove the presence of a direct connection between the level of fertility and the Gender Parity Index in the field of primary and higher education, while in the field of secondary education-reverse. Such tendencies are inherent in almost all countries of Europe. The analysis of indicators characterizing the level of education of women within the Eurozone countries shows the decisive role of the structure of the economy and the needs of the labor market in specialists with digital skills and mental abilities. The structure of the economy and the efficiency of various sectors ensure the reduction of gender inequality in education, contributing to overall economic growth and GDP per capita. Political institutions and national policies indirectly influence gender inequality in education by regulating the development of sectors of the economy with different levels of female employment. The proposed paradigm of gender inequality is based on the crucial role of skills, competencies, and abilities regardless of gender. The gender imbalance has been overcome in countries with a high level of women’s competence. Competence is a new paradigm in overcoming gender inequality.

Motivational factors of professional self-determinationof grade 10–11 students of medical orientation in moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Reshetnikov ◽  
Tatyana M. Litvinova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Prisyazhnaya ◽  
Sergey V. Pavlov ◽  
Nadezhda Yu. Vyatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Higher Medical Education

The article presents the results of a medical and sociological study of the professional orientation and motivation for higher medical education among pre-professional medical orientation students (grades 1011) in Moscow. Most students consider being a medical doctor a prestigious profession and were proud of their choicetheir most significant motivation for choosing their future field of activity is their desire to become a doctor and an outstanding specialist in their chosen field. The analysis of independent efforts of high school students to improve their knowledge of specialized subjects, which is required for admission to a medical university, generally reflects their high level of motivation to become successful. This is confirmed by the wide range of training received by respondents, the most popular among which are self-training, attending additional classes at school, and training with the help of professionals, such as tutors.

scholarly journals EXPERT STUDY OF CAUSAL RELATION FOR ARRANGEMENT OF WORK AT WORKING AREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-454
Author(s):  
О. Mukha ◽  
І. Shaikhlislamova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Logical Approach ◽  
Safety Incident ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Casual Relation ◽  
Expert Study

Coal mining at working areas of coal mines is a complex and multifaceted process causing a wide range of hazards for employees. Arrangement of work at working area is determined by many acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety. The circumstances are likely to cause safety rules violation resulting in incident (emergency, safety incident). The study of such situations requires a forensic expert to be familiar with the proper methodological base of mining and engineering expert study. Aim of the paper: to develop a model of casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area. For reliable results obtaining the following methods were applied: analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety, as well as engineering and logical analysis. Practical paper results consist in determining a group of persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area of coal mine, by forensic expert carrying out mining and engineering expert study by means of the model of casual relation. Considering the results of analysis of acts of legislation and regulatory acts in labour safety determining the requirements to the technological and project documents for working area with application of engineering and logical approach the model was developed for casual relation determining between safety incident occurrence and persons, whose action (inaction) resulted in incident preconditions during the technological process at working area. The model is helpful for determining the peculiarities of action (inaction) of persons being under the proper conditions in direct or indirect casual relation with an incident.

scholarly journals IN MEMORY OF V.M. SMOLYANINOV (1898–1981) – JUDICIAL PHYSICIAN – INNOVATOR AND TEACHER (TO THE 120th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTHDAY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
E. H. Barinov ◽  
T. Sh. Morgoshia ◽  
N. A. Romanko
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deputy Chairman ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
120Th Anniversary

In the article the main dates of life and creativity of Professor V.M. Smolyaninov. The period of life of the scientist from 1932 to 1943 is analyzed. Smolyaninov was Chief forensic expert of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR, and from 1943 to 1947 – forensic expert of the Extraordinary State Commission for Investigation of the atrocities of the German fascist invaders. In 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich became a professor. From 1949 to 1979, Professor V.M. Smolyaninov is Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the II Moscow Medical Institute and at the same time (1949–1961) Deputy Director of the Institute for the Scientific Section, and from 1960 to 1968, was deputy chairman of the Scientific Medical Council of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. In the work it is shown that the scientific researches of Professor V.M. Smolyaninov, having great theoretical, practical and scientific-organizational significance, cover a wide range of issues of thanatology, toxicology and traumatology, spectral analysis, research of physical evidence, sudden death, medical deontology, organization and methods of forensic medical examination. He published more than 120 works, a number of monographs. Under his leadership, more than 50 candidate and 22 doctoral dissertations were completed. It is noted that during the whole busy life Vladimir Mikhailovich conscientiously and impeccably fulfilled his duty as a doctor, teacher, citizen and scientist.

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